0:04 hello and welcome to lovely english
0:07 stories thank you for stopping by
0:09 this story is written for upper
0:12 intermediate english learners
0:14 you can download the pdf transcript of
0:17 this and other stories on our patreon
0:20 page you can find the link in the
0:22 description below ready
0:23 ready
0:27 let's get started
0:31 b2 c1 english story early
0:32 early britain
0:39 the united kingdom of great britain and
0:42 northern ireland as we know it today
0:44 consists of england
0:48 scotland wales and northern ireland
0:52 we often shorten the name to the uk
0:55 when people say great britain
0:58 they are usually referring to england
1:02 wales and scotland but not northern ireland
1:05 ireland today
1:06 today
1:09 there are over 68 million people who
1:11 live in the uk
1:15 but it has not always been the case
1:19 back in 1600 the population was just
1:23 over 4 million people so
1:24 so
1:29 how did the uk become what it is today
1:37 early britain goes back hundreds of
1:40 thousands of years to the stone age
1:43 this was when the first people lived in britain
1:44 britain
1:47 they are often referred to as
1:50 hunter-gatherers because they did
1:54 exactly that they hunted and gathered
1:56 they hunted the animals and they
2:06 at this time britain was still connected
2:07 to the continent
2:10 there was a narrow strip of land
2:13 so people were able to come and go as
2:15 they pleased
2:18 often following the animals they were hunting
2:24 about 10 000 years ago britain became
2:28 separated from the continent by rising
2:32 sea levels and it has remained an island
2:39 around 6 000 years ago the first farmers
2:43 arrived in britain from the continent
2:47 they introduced a new way of life
2:51 they built houses and many monuments
2:54 one of the most famous
3:01 stonehenge is situated on salisbury
3:04 plain in the county of wiltshire it is a
3:09 large man-made circle of standing stones
3:12 it is thought that work started on this
3:18 magnificent structure around 4 000 years ago
3:24 nowadays there are many special
3:26 gatherings at stonehenge
3:30 such as for the winter and summer solstices
3:36 it was around this time four thousand
3:37 years ago
3:40 that people learnt to make bronze
3:41 and so
3:43 the bronze age began
3:46 the people who lived during this period
3:50 became incredibly talented at metalwork
3:53 and created beautiful objects in both
3:55 bronze and gold
4:02 many of these items often tools and
4:06 ornaments can be found in museums across
4:07 the country
4:14 the bronze age lasted about 2 000 years
4:17 the iron age followed the bronze age
4:20 this was when people learned to make
4:24 weapons tools and other instruments out of
4:25 of
4:26 you guessed it iron
4:29 iron
4:32 the use of iron helped people to make
4:34 better tools for farming
4:37 the new iron tools and weapons were
4:41 stronger than the previous stone and
4:47 it was during this time that people
4:50 began to group together as tribes in
4:54 large settlements to protect themselves
4:57 they lived in forts at the top of hills
4:59 they chose to live there so they could
5:02 see for miles around
5:06 and could get prepared if they suspected
5:09 an attack
5:12 they worked as farmers and crafters and
5:14 many were warriors
5:17 they lived in little wooden houses with
5:19 thatched roofs
5:22 there is still a hill fort at maiden
5:24 castle endorse it
5:28 dorset is situated in the south west of england
5:29 england
5:33 it is thought to have been made almost 3
5:35 000 years ago
5:39 people travel from miles around to visit
5:42 the historical site
5:45 the people of the iron age created an economy
5:46 economy
5:48 and they made the first coins to be
5:51 minted in britain
5:55 to mint means to make coins or money out
5:56 of metal
5:59 nowadays you might hear british people
6:02 say they're minted
6:05 what they mean is they have a lot of money
6:06 money
6:09 many of the first coins had the names of
6:12 the iron age kings inscribed on them
6:16 much like modern day coins
6:18 druids were a focal point of the iron
6:20 age society
6:23 they were priests who led religious
6:26 ceremonies they could be men or women
6:30 and were seen as incredibly wise people
6:33 they were the healers teachers and judges
6:34 judges
6:37 of their tribes
6:40 during the iron age it is thought that
6:42 many people spoke a language that was
6:46 part of the celtic language family
6:49 there are still some related languages
6:50 in existence
6:52 in parts of scotland ireland
6:54 ireland
6:56 and wales
6:59 after the iron age came the romans led
7:01 by julius caesar
7:04 we will talk about this in our next video
7:06 video
7:07 but now
7:11 let's go through some of the vocabulary bronze
7:13 bronze bronze
7:15 bronze
7:18 bronze is a brown metal made of copper
7:20 and tin edible
7:22 edible edible
7:24 edible
7:26 if something is edible it means it is
7:28 safe to eat settlement
7:30 settlement settlement
7:32 settlement
7:35 a settlement is a place where people
7:39 come together to live permanently strip
7:41 strip strip
7:43 strip
7:46 a strip is a long flat
7:53 warrior warrior
7:54 warrior
7:57 a warrior is a soldier
8:00 usually from the past economy
8:01 economy economy
8:03 economy
8:06 economy is the system by which a
8:10 country's trade industry and money are
8:14 organized existence existence
8:16 existence
8:19 existence is the fact of something or
8:22 someone existing together
8:24 together together
8:25 together
8:29 is to collect lots of different things
8:31 from different people
8:36 to hunt hunt
8:37 hunt
8:42 to hunt is to chase and kill an animal religious
8:44 religious religious
8:46 religious
8:48 if you are religious you have a strong
8:51 belief in religion structure
8:53 structure structure
8:54 structure
8:57 structure is the way in which the parts
9:00 of something are organized suspected
9:02 suspected suspected
9:04 suspected
9:07 suspected is something that is believed
9:08 to be true
9:11 or to exist tool
9:13 tool tool
9:14 tool
9:17 a tool is a piece of equipment that you
9:21 use with your hands to make or repair something
9:23 something tribe
9:24 tribe tribe
9:25 tribe
9:28 a tribe is a group of people who live
9:30 together sharing the same language
9:33 culture and history unite
9:34 unite
9:38 to unite to unite is to join together
9:41 with other people as a group weapon
9:42 weapon weapon
9:44 weapon
9:47 a weapon is an object used in wars or when
9:48 when
9:51 fighting wise wise
9:53 wise
9:56 if someone is wise they make good
9:58 judgments based on their life experiences
10:05 celtic
10:09 sometimes pronounced celtic
10:12 can be anything related to the celts or
10:16 their language or culture druid
10:17 druid druid
10:19 druid
10:24 a priest of the ancient celtic religion focal
10:25 focal focal
10:27 focal
10:30 focal is central and important
10:32 important
10:34 to forage forage
10:36 forage
10:38 to forage is to search for things you
10:39 can eat
10:41 or use fort
10:43 fort fort
10:44 fort
10:47 a fort is a strong building often with a
10:51 high wall around it that is used by soldiers
10:55 gathering
10:57 a gathering
11:01 a gathering is a small party or meeting monument
11:03 monument monument
11:04 monument
11:07 a monument is something that was built
11:11 to honor an event or a person healer
11:12 healer healer
11:14 healer
11:17 a healer is a person who has the power
11:21 to cure people of illness hunter
11:23 hunter hunter
11:24 hunter
11:27 a hunter is someone who hunts animals
11:30 for sport inscribe
11:31 inscribe
11:34 to inscribe
11:45 to refer to somebody or to refer to something
11:46 something
11:49 this is a phrasal verb and it means to
11:52 mention someone or something when you
11:55 are writing or speaking solstice
11:57 solstice solstice
11:59 solstice
12:03 solstice happens twice a year the summer
12:05 solstice is the day with the most hours
12:08 of daylight and the winter solstice is
12:11 the day with the fewest hours of daylight
12:13 daylight thatched
12:15 thatched thatched
12:17 thatched
12:21 a thatched roof is made from straw or reeds
12:27 we hope you enjoyed this lovely english
12:30 story and the vocabulary explanations
12:32 thank you for stopping by
12:34 get productive and check out our
12:36 language learning productivity packs on
12:40 etsy use code youtube10 for 10 off
12:42 off
12:46 don't forget to like subscribe and share
