This content provides an overview of automotive architecture, focusing on the evolution from traditional ECUs to domain controllers and zonal architectures, with a particular emphasis on the power electronics and silicon components crucial for electric vehicles (EVs).
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Hello guys. Hello. Hello. Yes.
Yes. So
So
mobile you can see here only. Fine. Okay.
Hello guys. Hello. Hello.
I'm Bajira. [clears throat]
Today I am your instructor for the day.
And today we are going to learn about uh
this automotive architecture because
like this EV EV whatever you have
learned till today like it comes under
automotive. Okay. So it's a it's a part
of automotive only. So understanding of
the automotive architecture is very much
important. So as you know like you have
already learned about batteries, motors
and how the power train works. Uh Punar
has thought all these things if I'm not
wrong. Right. Yeah. So now we are going
to learn about the automotive
architecture where like the architecture
starts with starts with the uh the first
layer like that comes is microcontroller
that is MCU. You can see it over here.
So MCU is the first basic part because
the without the controller you can't
deal with any of the functionality of
the vehicle. Okay. So controller plays
the major part. So you you can you can
write it down if you want. Okay. So MCU
is the major part. So where the
controller is kept. Okay.
Then comes the basic software layer that
is S uh BW.
In that BSW
you have three layers. One is service
layer. The second layer is ECU
abstraction layer and the third layer is
microcontroller abstraction layer.
Okay. The controller which we are
talking like might be STDM, Infinion,
NXP, any of these boards are called as
microcontrollers. Okay. The controlling
part that will be done by the coding
whatever the code you are dumping into
the controller that is called as
microcontrol abstraction layer. Okay.
ECU also comes in the same way like you
you can see like in the BW layer you
have three layers. The service layer
will will help you to enter into enter
into ECU abstraction layer. Okay. And
this complex device driver is nothing
but CDDs. These drivers will help you to
connect between the MCU and the
application layer because it it is the
in between layer where the application
layer will call through autosar uh
runtime environment that is RT. So RT
when when you are calling the
application from the application layer
it will it will come to the complex
device driver where it where it will
call the function. So that function will
be called then the application will be
happening that the performance it will
perform the action like whatever the
application layer is exe uh tell to
So as you can see here there is a
traction motor placed here. Okay. So
motor is what what is the how many types
of motor you have learned till now. This
is actually like the four-wheer setup.
If you are considering two wheel setup
also there also the motor is motor is
visible. How many types of motor you
have uh seen? You can comment in the uh
you can uh tell them tell that in the
So power distribution unit is also
there. Then traction inverter onboard
charger. What is the major component in
the EV that is battery right? So here we
are using battery as a source where like
it is charged by a DC toDC converter
because the supply which we are giving
is AC. So whatever the supply you are
going to give that will be converted. So
that is stored in a battery. So battery
stores in DC. Okay. So it's it won't be
in AC. So DC is the uh main source like
where the charge is stored. So that DC
is uh transmitted to the motor with the
help of BMS. Without the BMS like if you
transfer directly the battery voltage or
something. So it it might be harmful for
the motor and like there are chances of
like uh getting fire or something. Okay.
So all these things you can see like in
the architecture of electric vehicle
architecture also this has been
explained by Puniter if I'm not wrong.
But as you're learning this automotive
architecture, so parallelly learning of
the electric vehicle architecture is
also important. Next,
so as you can see here also the battery
is nothing but the chemical energy where
like the battery is converted like the
auxiliary power is also provided by the
battery only because the battery pack
which you will be using of higher
capacity. It might be 72 volts like uh
42 48 volts or some more than that only.
But the auxiliary power like which you
are using for headlight indicators or
something like it it it needs only like
small power consumption. It won't be of
that high voltage. So auxiliary power
battery we need it like to convert that
like again we'll use buck converter. So
if you heard of power electronics like
in the power electronics part there are
converters where like DC toDC conversion
is happening. In the DC toDC converters
you will study about this buck converter
where the buck converters helps you to
convert from higher higher voltage to
lower voltage. So auxilary battery like
if you're connecting from the main
battery you you will use the buck
converter to convert the higher voltage
to into the lower voltage. Okay. And
again from the battery you will
providing it to the motor controller
because without uh like supplying the
voltage to the uh if you want to supply
the voltage into the motor pass the
voltage or current whatever. So at that
So from battery you are supplying it to
the motor through the motor controller
or the vehicle control unit. So from
that you you you can like supply the
power to the motor. Okay. So motor like
there are like two losses in that also
you can see IR square losses and the ED
current loss. So there there will be
heat also like there are transmission
losses like there are many losses like
that comes to the picture here. So this
all affects in the uh this one u
efficiency of the vehicle. Okay. The
mileage will be less compared to the
other vehicle if the losses are more. Okay.
Okay.
So now we are going to learn like what
what is domain controllers because like
if you if you have known about the
microcontroller then comes the ECUs then
like there are specific domain
controllers as well. The nervous system
of the modern vehicle are the like
domain controllers.
So as you can see the controller is the
uh it it converts the energy like where
like transferring of the energy can be
So during 1990s and 2000 like the wiring
system like whatever the wires connected
to the to transfer the power like it's a
whole mess like you can see the wirings
from wherever it is going from 1990s to
2000 the distribution was happening in
some other way. So this is how it looks
like the ECUs are connected from uh one
point to another point and the wiring is
connected like it's a whole mess you can
see because like if something goes wrong
in a vehicle so you can't find out like
where the where it is happening okay so
that is the reason and in early 20ou
2010 during that time this uh domain
controllers were introduced so from ECUs
like uh like you can see the CAN if you
heard of CAN communication so that is
executed in
this one uh vehicles actually. Okay. So
now at present after like 2020s uh so
the future like u they are using
centralized uh this thing like uh ECUs
like you you are connecting only four
domain ECUs that will help you to uh
communicate between the uh vehicle
So what do you know by what you know
about like the microcontroller? How many
types of controllers you have used in
Okay. So if if you use of Ardino or
something 8051 if you have heard of it
like like those controllers are not used
in in traditional like in the industries
right now. So they are using ECUs like
you can see like how how it commutes
like the power power what is transmitted
and the safety and the connectivity. Uh
previously the traditional ECUs used to
have like low range actually. So low
range MCUs which are single core. Now
like in the domain controllers you can
see like there are high performance
SOC's like multi-core. Multiore is
nothing but like from one core to
another core like u the transmission of
the this one like data will be happening
from one core to another core. So
isolated power uh we are using in the
traditional ECUs but here we can use the
shared power. So that can be used by PM
PMIC. So that I'll explain later. So
from the safety part like uh safety per
ECUs is is different. So we are using
ASIL that is like B2D domain concepts
here. So the connectivity previously
that they are using in the traditional
ECUs are CAN because in early 2000 2000s
and 2010s the CAN can CAN communication
was introduced. So they were using CAN.
So for now like in 2020s after 2020s
like they are using the domain
controllers DCUS. So you can see like uh
they are using gigabit or ethernet. Even
the CAN FD is the extended part of the
CAN only but like it's a fixed data
So like there are five functional
domains. The major part of the electric
vehicle is the power train like which we
can call it as a heart of the EV. Okay.
So engine or the motor like we are using
like here we'll use only motors only.
So motor we are using. So motor and the
transmission BMS BMS is nothing but
battery management system. Then again
hard realtime constraints this all
things will come come in the powertrain
concept and again like without chassis
like without mechanical people the
chassis can't be done. So many
mechanical students are here. So yeah uh
chassis are like steering, braking,
suspension and high safety criticals
like everything will be done uh with the
help of mechanical engineers over here. Okay.
Okay.
So then comes like the ADAS system
because like without ADA system
automatic driving this thing. So radar
later like all the sensor part will come
because without using sensors if
something impact happens then like the
airbag will not open then the person
will die that is for sure. Okay. So ad
system is very much important. So then
comes the infotainment system where
multimedia because without music you
guys won't travel in car. So you need
music system and now you have used uh
introduced that in the Ola also to to
enjoy the music and to have a ride on
the bike also you have multimedia over
there also and navigation V2 uh V2X and
high data throughout like will be it all
it all comes under infotainment system. >> [clears throat]
