0:08 our ninja nerds in this video we're
0:10 going to talk about the adrenal gland
0:11 but specifically we're going to focus in
0:13 on the zona reticularis if you guys
0:15 haven't already seen it we already made
0:17 a video specifically looking at the zona
0:19 glomerulosa and its hormone the zona
0:22 fasciculata and its hormone okay so
0:24 first off we have the zona reticularis
0:26 the zona reticularis is going to be
0:28 really important for producing specific
0:31 types of doneita corticoids okay and
0:32 these are going to be androgens and
0:33 we'll talk about them because they're
0:36 very weak androgens but we have to start
0:37 up from work usually all of these
0:39 reactions are occurring we have to start
0:43 up any hypothalamus and again these
0:44 nuclei that are present up here in the
0:49 hypothalamus are called the para
0:55 ventricular nucleus in their secreting
0:59 out into the official portal system
1:01 corticotropin-releasing hormone and then
1:03 corticotropin-releasing hormone is
1:05 stimulating these cortical tropes within
1:09 the anterior pituitary right to produce
1:12 adrenocorticotropic hormone alright so
1:13 now what we're going to do is we're
1:14 going to zoom in and we're going to blow
1:16 up one of these zona reticularis cells
1:18 so specifically what we're looking at
1:21 over here is going to be the zona
1:28 reticularis okay so now look what this
1:29 adrenocorticotropic hormone is going to
1:31 come undo it's going to come over here
1:34 and it's going to bind on to this
1:38 receptor any of this receptor is a
1:40 g-protein coupled receptor so what
1:41 happens is this g-protein coupled
1:45 receptor activates a you guys already
1:48 know it AG stimulatory protein that G
1:50 stimulatory protein is normally bound to
1:53 gdp which keeps it off but then it binds
1:56 to gtp which turns it on that G
1:58 stimulatory protein then comes and
2:01 activates a specific type of a factor
2:03 enzyme what does that affect enzyme
2:06 called this effector enzyme is called a
2:10 dental 8 cyclase right it's called a
2:11 dental 8
2:14 cyclists and that adenylate cyclase
2:18 takes and converts ATP into cyclic ANP
2:22 and then cyclic A&P activates protein
2:26 kinase a and then what does that have to
2:28 do with anything well just like I've
2:30 continuously told you guys these
2:32 hormones that are being made in this
2:34 cell are not protein based are not amino
2:36 acid based they're steroid hormones so
2:38 what's the basis of steroid hormones
2:40 what do you have to start with you have
2:43 to start with cholesterol so cholesterol
2:44 is our basic unit for us to start
2:46 building on so here's our cholesterol
2:49 and then what happens with that
2:51 cholesterol the cholesterol gets
2:54 converted into specifically pregnenolone
2:57 and then that pregnenolone can get
2:58 converted into it's called
3:03 progesterone so what happens is this pregnenolone
3:04 pregnenolone
3:06 actually is acted on by specific enzyme
3:09 and it's converted into 17 hydroxy pregnenolone
3:12 pregnenolone
3:15 so the 17 hydroxy pregnenolone he's
3:17 going to get converted into another
3:20 different type of basic unit here this
3:25 molecule is going to be called D hydroxy
3:30 epi n trois her own so it's called D
3:36 hydroxy at the N draw Sturm now look
3:38 what else can happen you know there's
3:39 actually another way that we can have
3:41 this reaction occur so the look what can
3:43 happen to the progesterone the
3:46 progesterone can actually get converted
3:48 into another step here so you know
3:50 there's another step here because you
3:51 know what else can happen with the 17
3:52 hydroxy pregnenolone
3:54 the 17 hydroxy pregnenolone can get
4:00 converted into 17 hydroxy progesterone
4:04 but then look what can happen to this
4:05 progesterone I can take this
4:07 progesterone if I have the specific
4:09 enzyme which is the 17 hydroxylase I can
4:11 convert this into 17 hydroxy
4:14 progesterone then from the 17 hydroxy
4:18 progesterone I can synthesize what's
4:23 called Andres teen
4:27 dieeee own so it's called Andres teen
4:31 die own so what's happened here let's go
4:33 ahead and look cholesterol is converted
4:35 into pregnant alone pregnant alone can
4:37 get converted to 17 hydroxy pregnant
4:39 alone or it can get converted into
4:43 progesterone if it's converting to 17
4:44 hydroxy pregnant alone that can get
4:49 converted into D hydroxy fpn Dras Tyrone
4:52 this is one of the important ones or the
4:54 17 I'd Roxy pregnant one can get
4:57 converted into 17 hydroxy progesterone
5:00 or if this pregnant alone forms
5:01 progesterone progesterone can get
5:04 converted into 17 hydroxy progesterone
5:07 then the 17 I'd Roxy progesterone can
5:10 get converted into Andres teen die own
5:12 but look what else can happen you know
5:15 this D hydroxy epi and rostrum I can
5:16 take this guy
5:21 and I can convert him into Andres teen
5:25 die own okay now why is all of this
5:28 stuff important because these are going
5:38 to be specifically gonad o corticoids
5:43 very very very weak sex hormones these
5:45 are weak sexual notes what do these two
5:47 weak sex hormones D hydroxy epi and
5:52 rostrum and and rusting die own now we
5:54 took this protein kinase a pathway what
5:55 the heck does this have to do with
5:58 anything I'm glad you asked again it's
6:01 important for a lot of these pathways it
6:04 can activate specific enzymes by
6:06 phosphorylating them right so it can
6:08 phosphorylate a bunch of different
6:11 enzymes to allow for these reactions to
6:14 occur so he helps with in the stimulus
6:17 of a lot of these reactions by
6:18 phosphorylating multiple different types
6:20 of enzymes okay so that's what allows
6:22 for this reaction to occur that's what
6:24 the adrenocorticotropic hormone is doing
6:27 it's stimulating this protein kinases to
6:29 stimulate specific enzymes involved in
6:31 the cholesterol pathway and the overall
6:35 and result of this is DHEA D hydroxy at
6:35 the end roster
6:38 and and resting diode now what are these
6:40 guys going to go and do these gun addict
6:43 or dacoits are these week sex hormones
6:44 they're going to come over here and
6:46 they're going to act on the male and the
6:48 female so let's say that we take these
6:51 two guys out here okay they're going to
6:53 come over here and act on the male and
6:55 they're going to come over and now also
6:56 act on the female so let's look at the
6:58 male first their overall effect is
7:01 pretty much the same but what can happen
7:03 is this DHEA let's say that heat the
7:05 heat actually goes out here and he goes
7:07 to the male right or this and resting
7:10 diode it goes to the male eventually
7:12 what happens is all of it usually gets
7:13 converted into and resting diode and
7:16 that and esteemed Ione in the male
7:18 specifically here in the testes it's
7:20 actually going to be converted let's
7:23 that converge these two okay what's the
7:25 overall is old the anti steam diode will
7:32 be converted into testosterone okay and
7:34 we convert it into testosterone what
7:35 about for the female what are these
7:37 going to do for the female well for the
7:39 male what was the overall result it
7:40 helped in the stimulation or the
7:44 formation of testosterone within this it
7:47 also can allow for so let's say it works
7:49 here on the female specifically it works
7:52 in the female I like the thecal cells
7:56 and what can happen it can lead to the
8:04 formation of Astra jannat okay and look
8:06 at this what's the overall effect of
8:08 these guys what's the overall effect of
8:10 dehydroepiandrosterone and the and
8:12 Rothstein diode on the male in the
8:13 female what makes testosterone and it
8:14 makes estrogen but here's the really
8:16 important point so very very minimal
8:20 amounts of estrogen is produced and very
8:22 little minimal amounts of testosterone
8:24 is produced and again why am I telling
8:26 you is because these are weak weak
8:28 specific types of Kanata corticoids
8:31 they're very weak androgens okay sex
8:33 hormones it's what androgens is or their
8:36 sex hormones very weak but in overall
8:40 effect what is their overall effect they
8:43 love to be able to produce armpit hair
8:45 so look at this dude he's becoming a man
8:47 right so you get some armpit hair what
8:48 else does it start out
8:51 with look at this he's getting some hair
8:52 on his chinny chin chin right so he's
8:54 getting some hair on his chin you're
8:56 getting some hair here on the actual
8:58 axillary region guess what he's getting
9:01 some pubes okay so it's also going to
9:04 help with the pubic axillary and facial
9:08 hair growth that's one of the effects it
9:10 also helps with like the skin the skin
9:12 secretions by the sebaceous glands too
9:13 so again what is it helping with it's
9:16 helping with hair growth but
9:24 specifically where axillary pubic and
9:27 we'd also say where else we can also say
9:30 facial hair right and then it's also
9:32 helping with secretions so oily skin
9:36 secretions so we can say sebaceous
9:38 secretions helping the skin could be
9:41 nice and oily right what else does it
9:42 help with it also helps with the
9:43 development of certain types of
9:45 secondary sex characteristics but again
9:47 more of its effect is on hair growth
9:49 like axillary pubic and facial hair and
9:50 certain types of sebaceous secretions
9:52 what else though this is one of the
9:58 bigger effects this guy usually it helps
10:01 with libido and there's a condition that
10:04 we'll talk about where if they actually
10:07 make too much of this their libido goes
10:09 ham and they are horny all of the time
10:11 okay comes back with a vengeance
10:14 so libido it does have a little bit of
10:16 effect on libido sex drive so has a
10:18 little bit of an effect of a similar
10:20 actions on the female it helps a little
10:21 bit with the development of the
10:23 secondary sex characteristics so the
10:26 breasts of the mammary glands okay what
10:29 else does it help with it also helps
10:33 with don't you guys laugh pubic hair right
10:34 right
10:37 pubic hair growth and axillary hair
10:38 growth okay
10:42 and also what else libido
10:46 for the female - okay so in summation
10:48 the overall effect of these antigens is
10:50 very weak not very many different types
10:53 of angiogenic effects other than hair
10:56 growth of the axillary region the pubic
10:58 region the facial region more facial for
11:00 the male house with sebaceous secretions
11:02 of the hair and
11:04 certain types of skin right also helps
11:07 with their sex drive lured libido for
11:10 the female same thing libido axillary
11:12 hair growth pubic hair growth and a
11:13 little bit of development for the
11:15 secondary sex characteristics okay
11:18 obviously whenever these individuals are
11:19 making too much of this it can increase
11:22 libido it can increase an excessive
11:25 amounts of hair growth it can increase
11:27 the oily secretions and it can affect
11:30 all different types of secondary sex
11:32 characteristic developments okay it's
11:34 called adrenal genital masculinization
11:36 and we'll talk about that with the
11:37 female it actually can cause a lot of
11:39 problems where even because it helps
11:41 with the development of secondary sex
11:42 characteristics like the breast and even
11:46 the area called the clitoris if this
11:48 individual this female is making too
11:51 much of these dehydroepiandrosterone and
11:53 androstenedione their their clitoris
11:54 literally can start to resemble small
11:58 penis okay all right guys we talked
12:00 about how corticotropin-releasing
12:02 hormone can stimulate the anti pituitary
12:05 to make a see th how ACTH can act on the
12:06 zona reticularis cells within the
12:09 adrenal cortex and by activating protein
12:11 kinases they stimulate the synthesis
12:14 through the cholesterol pathway of D
12:17 hydroxy epi and rostrum and and
12:19 rothstein die on these are the two
12:23 genetic corticoids or weak sex hormones
12:25 androgens what do these guys do they act
12:28 on the male and the female by developing
12:29 with their development of secondary sex
12:33 characteristics also they help with hair
12:35 growth axillary pubic and facial more
12:38 for the male for facial but also with
12:39 the female helps with axillary pubic
12:41 hair growth also what does it help to do
12:43 it also helps with their sex drive via
12:45 libido right so it helps with their sex
12:47 drive helps with different types of
12:48 sebaceous gland secretions for their
12:49 skin and for their hair to have more
12:52 monoi leanness right but like I told you
12:54 if you make too much of these different
12:56 types of DHEA and androstenedione
12:59 what can happen it can actually cause
13:01 the male to have an increased
13:04 vengeance like libido and it can also
13:06 cause the female to have a lot of hair
13:08 growth like maybe develop a beard and
13:10 obviously a lot of bush growth down
13:12 there and also their clitoris can start
13:14 to realize or in both small penis
13:16 alright and again the help
13:17 the production of testosterone estrogen
13:20 but these are very very weak very very
13:21 middle amounts of these hormones are
13:25 being produced iron is inert in this
13:26 video we covered a lot on the zona
13:28 reticularis in this adrenal gland here I
13:29 hope it all made sense I really hope you
13:31 guys enjoyed it in the next video we're
13:33 going to talk about the adrenal medulla
13:35 and it's hormones iron engineers until
