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0:11 [Music]
0:15 uh enzymes can actually simply
0:21 classified into six and we have them as
0:25 or the o stand for
0:27 oxided two stand three stand for
0:30 transparence h
0:34 hydr L Li I
0:39 Isom and the last L is lies so these are
0:41 the six enzymes classification so
0:44 enzymes are classified into six so we
0:46 are now going to look at them one after
0:51 the order so oxidor rtiv are the enzymes
0:55 that catalyze reduxx reaction they are
1:00 the enzymes that catalyze redo
1:03 they catalyze Redux reaction and of
1:06 course when you said Redux reaction it
1:18 oxidation so they are the enzymes that
1:21 catalyze redox reaction and of course
1:25 now look at it remember this is the
1:29 Mallet and this is then A+ and remember
1:32 when you say oxid reduction
1:36 reduction you can just simply say in is
1:39 you can see addition of hydrogen addition
1:41 addition of
1:42 of
1:46 hydrogen addition of hydrogen while uh
1:49 of course
1:52 oxidation is the removal is a
1:57 removal of hydrogen so now let's look at
2:01 what happened here you see
2:05 here we now look at it here hydrogen is being
2:07 being
2:10 removed o hydrogen is being removed and
2:14 added to this so it means that the n a
2:18 plus the NAD plus undergo reduction
2:21 undergo it undergo
2:23 reduction means that it undergo
2:26 reduction that is addition of hydrogen
2:30 and any species that undergo reduction
2:33 the speci that undergo reduction is
2:37 known as oxidizing agent oxidizing is
2:38 known as
2:41 oxidizing agents so this is what
2:45 happened actually in in this
2:50 example that oxid redu usually catalyze
2:53 oxidation reduction reaction so here
2:56 hydrogen is being removed so removal of
2:59 hydrogen is oxidation it means that M
3:03 here on under go oxidation while n plus
3:05 undergo reduction and of course any
3:08 species that undergo oxidation is
3:12 described as reducing agent and the spe
3:15 that undergo reduction is described as
3:20 oxidizing agent so this is actually the
3:24 uh classical example of oxidor dues that
3:30 reactions that are
3:34 redos so then the next uh types of
3:36 classification of enzymes is
3:38 transference so transference are the
3:41 group of enzymes that
3:45 catalyze the transfer of atoms or group
3:49 of atoms and of course these atoms or
3:54 group of atoms can be a me it can be
3:58 carbony it can be carboxy eile methy phosphor
4:00 phosphor
4:03 and glycol these are the examples of the
4:07 substrate that can actually be of course
4:10 transfer so from the transfer it means
4:13 it add a group it transfer a group from
4:17 one particular atom to another atom or
4:19 from one group of atoms to another group
4:21 of atoms so transference means that it
4:23 transfer a grou and these are the
4:25 examples of the groups that these
4:30 transference enzymes can actually act on
4:34 so like for example here we have
4:37 hexin hexin is a typical example of
4:40 transference enzymes so you can see
4:42 clearly here we have glucose initially
4:45 as a substrate and then of course plus
4:48 ATP so one phosphate group here is being
4:51 removed and added the phosphate and
4:54 that's what make it glucose 6 phosphate
4:57 plus ATP so what does that means it
5:00 means that here is ATP and is ADP it
5:02 means that one phospate group is
5:04 transfer to the glucose here and that
5:07 what make it to be glucoses phospate so
5:10 this is a typical examples of
5:13 transpares enzymes and then the next
5:14 types of enzymes that we are going to
5:18 look at is hydris so what is
5:21 hydroly hydris are actually a group of
5:24 enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis among frins
5:26 frins
5:31 starch fats nuclic acid
5:35 phosphates Sy and various mcro molecular
5:38 substances so it means that hydris it's
5:41 a group of O is an enzymes that usually
5:45 involve in the breaking down of a bone
5:47 using a small molecules like for example
5:50 here we have phosphates so using an
5:54 enzymes this is one of the examples of
5:57 hydr enzymes who have pyrophosphates
6:01 what this phosph does is it CLE this it
6:04 CLE it with addition of water hyro means
6:07 water Le is breaking down so you add
6:09 water then you break down a bond
6:12 examples of this hydris it can be [Music]
6:13 [Music]
6:18 Pepes proteases Li pces there are so
6:20 many of them so when you add a water
6:22 molecules then you now bring you now
6:27 break down a bond using a water molecule
6:29 so those kinds of reaction is described
6:32 as hydrolysis and the group of enzymes
6:35 that do the work they are called Hydro
6:39 lasis so this is actually the third
6:41 classification and then the next one is
6:45 liers so liers actually it always involv
6:48 in the removal of a Groove from the
6:51 substrate to leave
6:55 or to leave a bond reaction or catalyze
6:56 it is reverse
6:59 reaction so now let's look at what
7:01 actually happen here so it can be
7:03 involve a removal of a Gro from a
7:06 substrate so now look at it this is a
7:09 substrate and if you look at it from the
7:12 word liers it will just CLE it will just
7:14 cleave some
7:18 Groove to just clip some group so now
7:21 look at it here we have of course
7:25 initially if you look at it here we have
7:28 this and then of course the carbon
7:32 dioxide is is being removed using fate
7:34 the carboxilate so carbon dioxide is
7:37 being removed so when you use an enzymes
7:40 and remove some group so the group of
7:43 enzymes that do the work is described as
7:47 Li enzymes it's lies it break down some
7:50 parts that is a typical example of Li
7:54 here F carox that is the removal of
7:57 carbon dioxide so that is like this and
8:00 then uh the next one is isas and of
8:03 course when we said Isom from the word
8:08 isomerism that is it change or it
8:11 converts one isomer to another isomer so
8:14 the conversion of
8:17 isomers is the conversion of
8:20 isomers yeah that is conversion of
8:23 isomers can be geometric isomers or
8:26 Optical isoma so remember that we have
8:29 in Optical Isa we have L Isa and we have
8:32 D Isa so if you now look at it this is
8:34 alanin Rim so it
8:39 convert alanin from L is to the Isom so
8:42 the types of enzymes that comvert one
8:45 isoma to another Isom is described as
8:49 Isom examples like when you have glucose
8:52 phosphate and it now isize toose
8:55 phosphate so the group of enzymes that
8:59 those that work is phosphor isas and of course
9:00 course
9:06 foru Isom is a typical example of Isom
9:09 enzymes is also another examples this is
9:12 actually isomer so the next types of
9:14 enzymes that we are going to look is
9:17 lias so in this case lies is trying to
9:19 join a molecule so when you have two
9:22 molecules and then you join them
9:25 together so these types of uh reaction
9:26 is called
9:29 lies you get two molecules and you just
9:32 them together like for example here if
9:35 you now look at this reaction you'll observe
9:38 observe
9:42 that we have ammonia here ammonium ion
9:45 we have ammonium ion here and then this
9:47 ammonium ion is now added so you have
9:50 this as one molecules and then this as a
9:52 two molecules so they are now joined
9:55 together produce a single one so this is
9:59 likest when a smaller atoms or two group
10:02 join together to produce one three join
10:08 to to to form form sorry to to form one
10:11 five to form one six to form one so this
10:14 is actually the types of reaction that
10:18 is catalyze by Li so ladies and
10:20 gentlemen thank you for listening and I
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