This content explains the concept of inverters, which convert DC to AC power, and details the operation and applications of four specific types: half-bridge, full-bridge, full-bridge with filter, and multi-level inverters, often demonstrated through simulations.
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At the at the previous class we have
at the previous class we have seen about uh
um three type of two types of chopper
and uh one type of uh rectifier.
In this class we are going to see about
inverters and types of inverter and it circuites.
circuites.
Do you have any doubts about the last
Some of you can say about the last
previous section we have seen.
If you have any doubt just comment on
your uh chat box so that uh
we can clarify and move on to this uh
Some of you can tell about the previous
>> Yes.
Yesterday also you asked about why can't
we use that PWM generator instead of pul
generator. Yes. H you are supposed to
use PWM generator but thing is that here
in a chopper for demonstration we are
using like uh fixed pulses right we are
not operating the circuit in a closed
loop. So whenever there is a reference
or something we require for a PWM
generator. So other than that for
demonstration and if you know the
constant uh pulse at which it is going
to update you can just go in for pulse
generator no issues in it. Uh next is is
there any online compiler for this? This
we don't have any online compiler this
is actually a application tool this
so we have to download the simuling file
so now now I'll tell you what uh basics
about uh what is inverter is. So an
inverter is an power electronic device
which converts a DC current to AC
current. Previously we saw about uh
rectifier which converts AC to an DC. So
can anyone tell where these inverters
Give me some basics examples where these
So exactly in home we will be using uh
we'll get an DC supply and that will be
converted to AC uh basics like uh you
we'll be using in fan, TV, motors
that are all the examples of uh
inverters. So now uh how and uh working
principle I'll tell. So first we will be
giving some uh DC voltage uh that is
from battery or some other uh pulse. So
what will happen is the electronic
switches will turn and off rapidly. So
like previous class we have seen about
pulse with modulations we'll give 50% of
data uh duty cycle and for that 50% or
75% the switch will be on and off. So
this is what the switch switches are
working. So what will happen the
electronic switches will on and off rapidly.
rapidly.
Okay. So these switchings uh reverses
polarity repeatedly. polarity in the
sense uh switches having plus and minus
so these will be repeatedly changes
so this this is what happens for like uh
changing the switchings we we'll be
getting an output of AC output so
basically we'll we'll give an DC input
then switching will happen then we'll
Can you guys uh tell some examples of uh
Like uh in uh theory class we have seen
about some switches right like that. Uh
give me some examples uh like uh which
Okay. MOSFET, IGBT and other switches
Okay, I'll ask you another question. Why
do we use MOSFET, IGBT and uh BJT for switching?
Diodes cannot be used because diodes are
uh unidirectional. It only allows
forward biasing. It won't allow reverse
I'm asking why we are using mass IGBT
Okay. High switching frequencies. Okay.
Controls on and off. Yeah. And uh yes,
Okay, I'll tell uh so this is an
controlled device. So diode uh someone
have told about diode diodes and all
will be in the forward biasing only. Now
uh we can control our switches for our
needs. So we'll be just giving only uh
we'll be giving only the data uh duty
cycle. Okay. Like uh last last we have
seen about giving switching uh
switchings and uh delay cycles for 50 to
50 or 75 or 25%. So this is what uh
switches will get triggered. will have a
trigger point and for that point the
So that's why we are using uh MOSFET
So now you tell me what are what
difference between rectifier and an
uh sorry we have one technical issue.
Just wait for 2 minutes we'll join the room.
room. Technical
Good morning guys. Now I'm Janu. I'm
now.
Going to see about four types of
inverters. Uh first is offbridgeidge
inverter, second is full bridge in third
is full bridge with filter and the
fourth is five strip multi- level inverter.
inverter.
Do you guys know about those four inverters?
Just put me in a comment for where are
the inverters are used and where are the
what are the
possibilities to use those inverters in
Just a minute. I will start assembling
Can you say me about applications of the inverters
inverters
in our day to day-to-day life? What are
the applications we are using those type
My system is getting some bug. Can you say
solar power
conversion. Yes, it is a DC to AC
conversion. Is there any other uh
Oh, it's maxim mostly it is used in
Okay. Then first we will go with an uh
In this inverter we are going to convert uh
uh
two DC into a AC.
voltage meter. And we need a load,
are the components we need to uh we need
to build this off bridge inverter. First
in a brbridge inverter. How many IGBT
switches are required? Can you say in
How many switches are required for a
I didn't get any answers for this. Do
you know guys how many switches are good?
Yeah, it's two switches.
So, we take it to IGBT switches. Okay.
And we need a voltage source. Input
So, input is DC voltage. So we need a DC
This will be the connection of the
We have completed the circuit of the
offbridgeidge inverter. Now we have to
add a
measurement tool. That means the voltage
measurement and the current measurement.
You guys know where we have to connect
the voltage and the current measurement tools
tools
that we have we need to generate a
pulse width will be 50 for every circuit
for our starting
starting projects.
How the switch will operate here? Do you
How the switching will be happen here?
In the previous class S will be said
about the switching of the inverter. Do
you have any idea about the switching here?
Then I will say when the switch one is
In the switch on the switch true should
be off. So we need to add a not gate
not gate. Here you guys know about the
Do you guys know about the operation of
What will happen if I connect the gate
pulse to not gate and I connect the gate
pulse that not gate gate pulse to the
second switch? What when will be the
what will be the switching sequence of
Why I have connected this not gate? Yes.
Do you guys know about that or can I see it?
Yes. Uh because the first shoot should
be on when the second should second
switch should be off. This is the
principle of the gate uh offbridgeidge
inverter circuit. When the gate was when
the switch is on then gate will be
operate the signals when the switch is
on time of uh first switch will be off
time of second switch when the on time
of second switch will be off time of the
first switch. So the
not gate is used here to switching on
the switch one and two
the circuit is completely
the circuit is completed. Now we are
circuit has been completed. Here we have
the input is DC and uh we will achieve a output.
output.
This yellow line indicates the
voltage we have given and the blue line
Here we have given a two two sets of uh
DC input. Here we have written a it has
AC output sinosidal. If you add a filter
in that it will be a pure cinosidal. Uh
this is a square uh AC of waveform which
has a square pulse.
two volt input as a DC input and we will achieve
we have achieved a
2V sinosidal waveform.
You guys you can see a sign waveform
here and uh it is a 2 volt on and off
time where the switches has been uh
given the principle here you can see
when the switch one is on the switch two
will be off
like that the switching will be happen
and we will create a sinosidal waveform.
This is the offbridgeidge rectifier. Now
we are we can move on to a full bridge
So if you have any doubt in the
halfbridgeidge inverter, you just uh
shoot out your patient because uh full
bridge inverter will still be such complicated.
So yeah just like I said yesterday uh
the load will be experiencing the
current in single direction in a case of
a DC whereas it will experience the
current in both the direction in case of
AC. You might have seen this in the
circuit as a simulation. So by then uh
you can now go through with the
generator. If you ask if you have any
doubt just uh shoot out few questions
Mostly the off inverters are used in uh
lower voltage circuits like our tyos are
something 10 to 15 volts in small USB
systems, portable inverters and
emergency light systems like that. Uh
those are the applications the outage
inverter will be used because the
switching will be so easy and the
circuit can't be
So then shall we move on to your full
>> Same. We need a IGBT switches.
>> Just a minute. Uh uh somebody has asked
a question like major difference between
half bridge and full bridge. So
generally what you have to understand is
that either it is in rectifier or an
inverter. If you want your output wtage
will of full full output wtage. For
example, if you are giving an AC voltage
and you want to get the complete AC
voltage as your output, then you have to
go in for full bridge inverter. Whereas
in case of half bridge, you'll be
getting half of that output. So,
wherever you require your input is
higher, but you want very less amount of
output voltage. At that time, you can
use half bridge inverter because from
one source only you are going to convert
different forms of energy, right? So
accordingly if you want to create a
small voltage only as your output then
you can go in for half bridge inverter
whereas I want to extract more amount of
DC power from the AC means then you can
go for full bridge. So that is the major
difference in application wise.
If you if you take in EV for example if
you are taking in EV the motor is
directly connected with fullbridgeidge
inverter whereas the auxilary circuit
like uh OBC DC toDC converter onboard
charges like that and all the auxilary
Yes. Now we can proceed with full bridging.
>> Yes sir.
As a components same components we are
using using going to use for this
fullbridgeidge inverter. Uh as you guys
said uh for the offbridgeidge inverter
we use a two sets of uh two pass of
switches for uh IGBT switches. In
fullbridgeidge inverter how many
How many switches will be used for
Yes, we will use a four switches.
How many pairs of switches will be used? pairs.
Yes. Switches or four switches. But I'm
asking about the pairs. How many pairs
Yes, we use a two pass of switches. One
Here this we can take take it as a
This switch has a switch four
and the switch has a switch two.
And you guys have said two pairs are
switches. What are the pass? Can you
name it by switching the switch name?
Which which are the paths? S1, S2, S3, S4.
S it's S1 S2 and S3 S2 it's correct
I'm going to give connections to every
The switches and circuit has been
completed. Now we are going to add a
01 time period and pulse pulse width
Here our circuit has been completed. Now
we we are going to
add a voltage and current measurement tools.
The circuit has been completed and we
The input wage will be 6 volt. And uh
Yes, the feeling will be mainly recorded
This is the output. You can see the
yellow line as a voltage and the blue
line as a current.
We are given a fix input and the
sinosidal waveform will be obtained.
This is not a purest way of sinosidal.
It's uh we need to add a inductive and
capacitive uh filter uh LC filter to
obtain a pure uh sinosidal. We will see
This is the inverter
full bridge inverter
input. We have given a
six uh six voltage DC
uh we have got six voltage output as a AC.
AC.
this side. See
Yeah, the input wtage will be in a
straight line. Uh the straight line
You guys, can you see this? The straight
line indicates a DC voltage. Constant uh
6VT BC will be converted into a
Yeah, the 6V DC input will be converted
into a 6V as output. Here you can see
the difference of the input and the output.
The software is MATLAB sim link. You can
If you going to try, you can try it in
your college. If the software is
any doubts about this full bridge inverter.
This is a six 6V input voltage which we
have given here as a DC input and we
have obtained here
AC output. 6VT AC output. The yellow
line represents the
voltage and the blue line represents the current.
Any doubts I will give you 2 minutes
short break. You can go through it and
You guys do you know where the full
bridge inverters are used in our real time
time
In our day-today day-to-day life, we are
using lot of uh full bridge generators
where the where those emulators have
in the most of the houses we have a
This full bridge inverter is otherwise
called as Hbridge inverter. The
Hbridgeidge where where all the battery
is used the inverter will be used. Most
of the applications are be used in AC platforms.
platforms.
Mostly used in home UPS and power
inverters, motor drives, electric vehicles,
vehicles,
solar power systems, inductive heating
and high frequency applications like uh
fan switches.
Those are the um
square pulse but the cinosidal cinosidal
should be in
waveform sinosidal waveform. It is a
square pulse. So we are going to convert this
this
DC square pulse into a sinus order by
using a filter by LC filter.
This is known as LC filter. So we're
going to
The same fullbridge circuit is used for uh
uh
this circuit also. We will connect same as
Do you guys know about what what is L
and what is C? LC
After we have completed the switching
circuit, we are going to add a filter.
This will convert the square pulse into
and
Same pulse with we are using and the switches has been the connection has
switches has been the connection has made and we are going to add a
made and we are going to add a measurement tools.
the circuit has been completed. Here we have taken a 100 voltage input as a DC
have taken a 100 voltage input as a DC input. This is the
And we are we have taken the same circuit of the full bridge inverter and
circuit of the full bridge inverter and we have added a LC
we have added a LC LC filter which converts the square
LC filter which converts the square waveform to a pure sinosidal waveform.
waveform to a pure sinosidal waveform. This is the output voltage.
Here you guys can see the input wtage as 100 voltage.
100 voltage. Is it visible?
Here you can see the PE cinosidal waveform AC waveform
waveform AC waveform voltage input and the sinosidal converts
voltage input and the sinosidal converts the 100 voltage into the 200 voltage.
the 100 voltage into the 200 voltage. The uh blue blue line represents the
blue line represents the voltage and the yellow line represents the current.
yellow line represents the current. This is the input.
This is the input. This is the input and this is the
This is the input and this is the output.
This is the input wtage which we have given 100 volt DC input and the DC input
given 100 volt DC input and the DC input has been converted into the AC output.
has been converted into the AC output. Any doubts regarding this you can ask
Any doubts regarding this you can ask me.
those are the values of capacitor and inductor.
represents the uh 2 uh 2.8 microfarad and uh
P / 3 represents the mill Fahrenheit. Millie this is represents the millie.
Any doubts in this full bridge inverter with filter.
I will explain the connection once more. Here we are connected the DC input of
Here we are connected the DC input of 100 100 volt. The DC voltage will be
100 100 volt. The DC voltage will be moved to a uh switch for switches
moved to a uh switch for switches inverter switches. When the switch one
inverter switches. When the switch one and two is uh when the switch one is on
and two is uh when the switch one is on the switch four will be off. This two
the switch four will be off. This two will be uh the switching will be
will be uh the switching will be operates in on and off condition and it
operates in on and off condition and it will convert the DC input to a AC
will convert the DC input to a AC output. Here uh the AC output will be in
output. Here uh the AC output will be in a square waveform. So we have added a LC
a square waveform. So we have added a LC filter. This LT LC filter will convert
filter. This LT LC filter will convert the smooth AC. In that before circuit
the smooth AC. In that before circuit you can see a square waveform. that
you can see a square waveform. that square will be converted into a uh sinus
square will be converted into a uh sinus order. This is the purest form of AC
order. This is the purest form of AC input AC output.
Here you can control the voltage by changing the pulse width.
As I said last last class if you change this pulse width to 50 from 75 your uh
this pulse width to 50 from 75 your uh output value will be changed.
In the previous circuit we have obtained more than 200 voltage. In that you can
more than 200 voltage. In that you can see uh voltage is less than 200. By
see uh voltage is less than 200. By adjusting the frequency uh pulse width
adjusting the frequency uh pulse width you can obtain the sign waveform
you can obtain the sign waveform uh alternative sign waveform.
uh alternative sign waveform. Any
other doubts in this circuit? Next we are moving on with the
Next we are moving on with the multi-level inverter.
Just take a 5 minutes break and uh next we will move on with the multi-level
we will move on with the multi-level emulator.
first year transform. Okay.
next shall we move on to a multi- level inverter.
Next we have moving on to multi-level inverter.
Do you guys know about any thing about multi-level inverter?
Now we are going to see about a file level inverter.
Anything about a multi- level inverter any applications or uh any
You can put me any applications or anything regarding uh multi-level
anything regarding uh multi-level emulator in the chat box.
There's no alternate software. Uh you can use open source softwares like uh
can use open source softwares like uh simoscale or like like that. There is a
simoscale or like like that. There is a several softwares you can use those
several softwares you can use those softwares for simulation.
Nice. Uh any examples or realtime applications where this multi-level
applications where this multi-level bridge inverters are used? Can you put
bridge inverters are used? Can you put it in the chat box?
answers for applications of multi- level inverters?
Or uh can you tell what is multiroll inverter is first
Okay, I'll tell first what is multi-level inverter. Uh it is a type of
multi-level inverter. Uh it is a type of inverter. Uh like instead of uh any one
inverter. Uh like instead of uh any one uh we'll get uh one level of uh output,
uh we'll get uh one level of uh output, we'll get uh two or three uh multiple
we'll get uh two or three uh multiple voltage levels. So we'll now we have
voltage levels. So we'll now we have seen about uh seen only two levels of uh
seen about uh seen only two levels of uh in outputs. So now we'll be getting uh
in outputs. So now we'll be getting uh multi multi- voltage levels of outputs.
multi multi- voltage levels of outputs. So this is what uh multi-level inverter
So this is what uh multi-level inverter is. So the real time examples for uh
is. So the real time examples for uh multi-level inverters are like we'll be
multi-level inverters are like we'll be using in uh large indu induction motors
using in uh large indu induction motors uh compressors, conveyor systems and
uh compressors, conveyor systems and pumps. This all the some uh examples for
pumps. This all the some uh examples for multi-level uh inverters. The
multi-level uh inverters. The applications of multi inverters.
Now we'll move on with the circuit. I'll draw a circuit. Uh after I have
I'll draw a circuit. Uh after I have drawn the circuit, you can ask your
drawn the circuit, you can ask your doubt about that. First I will complete
doubt about that. First I will complete my circuit.
This the circuit will require same components uh what we used on previous
components uh what we used on previous inverters.
The switching will be switching circuit will be in a multi-level inverter.
This is how the circuit will be looks like for a five level multi- level
like for a five level multi- level inverter.
inverter. Then we need to add a gate pulse for
Then we need to add a gate pulse for each switching. The gate pulse switching
each switching. The gate pulse switching will be
the gate p switching will be different. I will be showing it in a table column.
I will be showing it in a table column. Uh, just a minute.
I will explain the switching of the output level. I will just make a table.
and four website. Yes sir.
F_sub_2 S3
minus V DC minus V DC.
S2, S3,
S3, S6,
S6, S7.
S7. This will be the switching of the five
This will be the switching of the five level inverter.
After I have arranged the switching uh pulse with I will explain it.
pulse with I will explain it. Once the output have been obtained, I
Once the output have been obtained, I will explain it.
We'll explain why it is high level uh once we get uh output value.
Once the circuit is completed, I will explain it completely.
The circuit is almost completed. Just a 2 minutes. Once I have completed the
2 minutes. Once I have completed the circuit, I will explain it completely.
Now you guys can see this uh switching output levels and uh H uh H bridge one
output levels and uh H uh H bridge one represent this bridge and H bridge two
represent this bridge and H bridge two represent the second bridge. This is the
represent the second bridge. This is the switching uh switch on. What are the
switching uh switch on. What are the switches will be on at level one, level
switches will be on at level one, level two, level three, level four, level
two, level three, level four, level five.
This is the file level which we have uh five levels of input and five levels of
five levels of input and five levels of voltage input. Uh first level will be a
voltage input. Uh first level will be a zero and second level will be a plus and
zero and second level will be a plus and third level be a plus. Fourth and fifth
third level be a plus. Fourth and fifth will be a minus. when uh this because
will be a minus. when uh this because why it is a five level inverter the
why it is a five level inverter the inverter output will be in a five levels
inverter output will be in a five levels of circuit. I will show it in the
of circuit. I will show it in the output.
For for measuring that we are need we need to add your measurement tools.
The input wtage will be three for both the bridges.
The circuit is completed. Once I run the circuit, you can see the output.
This is the file level inverter output. You can see that
Sorry, I forgot to connect this gate switch.
I now I will explain why this is a five brbridge inverter. Five bridge uh
brbridge inverter. Five bridge uh inverter uh five level inverter is
inverter uh five level inverter is inverter that gives various voltage
inverter that gives various voltage outputs. Here you can see first uh
outputs. Here you can see first uh first input will be a three voltage uh
first input will be a three voltage uh and second will be uh three. Here it
and second will be uh three. Here it convert we'll change it to
six and three
and six.
Here this is a zero. Zero is uh at the top most level you can see a plus 6 volt
top most level you can see a plus 6 volt DC. It is the first level. Then the
DC. It is the first level. Then the Hbridgeidge is plus DC. Both the bridges
Hbridgeidge is plus DC. Both the bridges will be conduct give you a plus voltage
will be conduct give you a plus voltage uh plus DC volt DC voltage. At that time
uh plus DC volt DC voltage. At that time the switch number
the switch number S1 S4 S5 S8 switch number S1
S1 S4 S5 S8 switch number S1 S1
S1 S4
S4 S5 and S8. Those switches will be on.
S5 and S8. Those switches will be on. You can see that
uh those are the switching operation for the plus 6 volt DC and second uh will be
the plus 6 volt DC and second uh will be a second level be a uh plus 3 volt DC.
a second level be a uh plus 3 volt DC. This this is a second line you can see
This this is a second line you can see here and zero will be
here and zero will be third line and the fourth minus uh 3
third line and the fourth minus uh 3 volt DC will be this line and - 6 volt
volt DC will be this line and - 6 volt DC will be this line.
DC will be this line. These are the switching operation done
These are the switching operation done for this
for this five level inverter.
This is why we can call we call it as a five level inverter. We have a more than
five level inverter. We have a more than five level in 32 level and 42 levels and
five level in 32 level and 42 levels and all it can be used according to its
all it can be used according to its applications. The when when we use a
applications. The when when we use a leveled inverter we can adjust the
leveled inverter we can adjust the output wtage
output wtage where uh which we need.
where uh which we need. The gate pulse will be given according
The gate pulse will be given according to the our each level.
Do you have any doubts for for this multi-level inverter?
uh power flow will be when the when the first level is on the power flow will be
first level is on the power flow will be uh
uh the power flow will be switch one and uh
the power flow will be switch one and uh switch four will be on and it will
switch four will be on and it will complete in the H bridge here the plus 6
complete in the H bridge here the plus 6 volt will be operates and it goes to
volt will be operates and it goes to switch one and switch four uh it drains
switch one and switch four uh it drains in the air. After uh after this the in
in the air. After uh after this the in the second bridge um the switch number
the second bridge um the switch number five and six will be on the plus voltage
five and six will be on the plus voltage will the voltage will be goes in with
will the voltage will be goes in with uh switch five and it goes to a load and
uh switch five and it goes to a load and it will drains in a switch number eight
it will drains in a switch number eight and it will complete the circuit by this
and it will complete the circuit by this two switches. The uh first level will be
two switches. The uh first level will be operate for the second level plus VDC
operate for the second level plus VDC and plus VDC only the first bridge will
and plus VDC only the first bridge will be active and second will be a zero. For
be active and second will be a zero. For that the
that the switch one and four only will be on the
switch one and four only will be on the voltage will be goes current will be
voltage will be goes current will be goes into the switch one and it will
goes into the switch one and it will goes into the
goes into the load and it will drains in the switch
load and it will drains in the switch number four. uh for the second level the
number four. uh for the second level the first bridge will be only on and the for
first bridge will be only on and the for the third bridge both the bridge one and
the third bridge both the bridge one and bridge two will be active. The bridge
bridge two will be active. The bridge one will be act as a plus VDC and bridge
one will be act as a plus VDC and bridge 2 will act as a minus VDC. Uh for that
2 will act as a minus VDC. Uh for that the switches are S1 and S4 and S6 and S5
the switches are S1 and S4 and S6 and S5 will be operated. First current will be
will be operated. First current will be goes to to a S1 and go goes to load and
goes to to a S1 and go goes to load and it drains in S4 switch and the first
it drains in S4 switch and the first bridge will be completed and the second
bridge will be completed and the second bridge the voltage will be the negative
bridge the voltage will be the negative voltage will be uh current will be goes
voltage will be uh current will be goes to the S6 and uh goes to the load and
to the S6 and uh goes to the load and then it drains in the six number six. So
then it drains in the six number six. So this is how the third level will be
this is how the third level will be operate. And for the fourth level minus
operate. And for the fourth level minus V uh 3 volt VDC the second bridge will
V uh 3 volt VDC the second bridge will be uh active. The uh bridge one will be
be uh active. The uh bridge one will be active. Here the minus the current will
active. Here the minus the current will be flow through the switch number two at
be flow through the switch number two at first and it will goes to the load and
first and it will goes to the load and then it drains in the switch number
then it drains in the switch number three. uh the bridge two will be zero
three. uh the bridge two will be zero zero at um
zero at um switching sequence uh switching uh for
switching sequence uh switching uh for minus 6 volt DC we will get same current
minus 6 volt DC we will get same current flow through the switch number two and
flow through the switch number two and goes to load and drains in the switch
goes to load and drains in the switch number
number three
switch number three and the in the second bridge the switch number
in the second bridge the switch number uh six and seven will
uh six and seven will as the same as I said. This is how the
as the same as I said. This is how the switching will be happen and the voltage
switching will be happen and the voltage flow will be happen.
The switch one and four won't be on the switch. Uh the current will flow through
switch. Uh the current will flow through a switch one and then it goes to load
a switch one and then it goes to load and then only it completes in switch
and then only it completes in switch number four to drain the circuit.
Any doubts regarding this multi- level inverter?
If you have any doubts, you can put in a chat box then we can find a class.
Do you have any doubts? If you have no doubts, you can put in a chat box. We'll
doubts, you can put in a chat box. We'll find a class
then we can conclude. class. Uh in this class we have seen about the four types
class we have seen about the four types of inverter. The first is offbridgeidge
of inverter. The first is offbridgeidge inverter which converts the which we use
inverter which converts the which we use two switches and we have converted DC
two switches and we have converted DC voltage to AC voltage and then the
voltage to AC voltage and then the second we have seen a full bridge
second we have seen a full bridge inverter without filter. In that we have
inverter without filter. In that we have converted the uh we used four switches
converted the uh we used four switches and we have converted DC voltage to AC
and we have converted DC voltage to AC in a square pulse. In the third switch
in a square pulse. In the third switch we used a uh LC filter. So we have
we used a uh LC filter. So we have obtained a purest form of cinosidal
obtained a purest form of cinosidal waveform. And finally we have seen the
waveform. And finally we have seen the multi- level inverter which is five
multi- level inverter which is five level inverter. Here we can uh we gave a
level inverter. Here we can uh we gave a 3 volt input. 3 + 3 is a 6V input. We we
3 volt input. 3 + 3 is a 6V input. We we have obtained a six two types of voltage
have obtained a six two types of voltage input. One is uh three and one is six.
input. One is uh three and one is six. This is how the multi- level inverter
This is how the multi- level inverter works. And uh
