0:03 foreign [Music]
0:13 good day everyone today we will delve
0:15 into the fascinating world of
0:18 pharmacology and explore its various branches
0:28 so pharmacology derived from the Greek words
0:29 words
0:33 that means drug and logos that means study
0:35 study
0:36 pharmacology is the scientific
0:39 discipline concerned with the study of
0:41 drugs and their effect on living organism
0:43 organism
0:46 pharmacology plays a crucial role in
0:48 healthcare by contributing to the
0:51 discovery development and safe use of drugs
0:53 drugs
0:56 in healthcare system let's explore the
1:05 so we have two main branches as I told
1:07 you in my previous lecture
1:09 one is pharmacodynamics and the second
1:12 one is pharmacokinetics
1:15 then we have pharmacotherapeutics
1:18 chemotherapy Pharmacy
1:24 pharmacognosy
1:30 pharmacoepidemiology
1:39 so first of all we will start with the pharmacodynamics
1:41 pharmacodynamics pharmacodynamics
1:43 pharmacodynamics
1:45 refers to the branch of pharmacology
1:48 that studies the relationship between a
1:51 drug and its Target site in the body
1:55 as well as the subsequent biochemical
1:58 and physiological effect produced by the
2:00 by that particular interaction
2:03 pharmacodynamics investigates the
2:05 mechanism of action of the drug
2:08 the dose response relationship the
2:11 potency of the drug and the efficacy of
2:12 the drug
2:15 and it also involves the study of
2:18 variability in the drug response among
2:20 different individuals
2:23 the field of pharmacodynamics plays a
2:25 critical role in optimizing the drug
2:28 therapy and developing new drugs with
2:32 enhanced efficacy and safety profile
2:35 after pharmacodynamics we have pharmaco kinetics
2:37 kinetics
2:41 as the word suggests kinetics that it is
2:44 about the movement of the drug
2:47 so pharmacokinetics refers to the branch
2:49 of pharmacology that focuses on the
2:53 study of how drugs are absorbed distributed
2:55 distributed
2:58 biotransformed or metabolized and eliminated
2:59 eliminated
3:03 inside the body or by the body
3:05 by studying the pharmacokinetic
3:07 researchers and Healthcare professionals
3:10 can determine optimal drug dosage
3:14 they can determine the optical optimal
3:17 drug dosage regimes assess the drug drug
3:20 interaction and evaluate the impact of
3:22 factors such as
3:27 age body weight and disease condition of
3:35 pharmacokinetics we have pharmacotherapeutics
3:37 pharmacotherapeutics
3:40 as the name suggests this branch of
3:43 pharmacology is basically involved with
3:45 the treatment of disease
3:48 so pharmacotherapeutics can be defined
3:50 as the branch of pharmacology that
3:52 focuses on the application of the drugs
3:55 and the treatment of the diseases in
3:57 clinical practice
4:00 it involves the selection
4:03 individualization and monitoring of drug
4:06 therapy to achieve specific therapeutic
4:08 goals in patient
4:10 or you can say that it is the
4:12 application of pharmacological
4:15 information together with the knowledge
4:18 of the disease for the prevention and
4:26 the fourth branch of pharmacology is chemotherapy
4:28 chemotherapy
4:35 refers to the treatment of diseases by
4:39 chemicals chemicals that kills the cell
4:42 specifically those of microorganism and
4:44 neoplastic cells
4:46 so the drugs which we use for the
4:48 treatment of
4:50 cancer which are called as anti-cancer drugs
4:51 drugs
4:54 and the drugs which are useful for the
4:57 treatment of diseases caused by bacteria
4:59 viruses fungi
5:03 or many other microorganisms
5:05 the study of all these drugs comes Under
5:08 The Heading of chemotherapy
5:10 and all these drugs are known as
5:17 then we have the most important branch
5:19 of pharmacology that is called as Pharmacy
5:20 Pharmacy
5:22 and it is a science of
5:26 Science of compounding and dispensing
5:29 drugs preparing suitable dosages for
5:38 it encompasses the knowledge and skills
5:41 required for the safe and effective use
5:43 of drugs to optimize patient Health outcomes
5:48 the sixth branch of pharmacology is toxicology
5:50 toxicology
5:54 and as its name suggests it is about the
5:57 adverse effect of the drugs or the Toxic
5:58 effect of the drugs
6:01 so toxicology is a branch of
6:03 pharmacology which includes the study of
6:06 adverse effect of the drug on the body
6:08 this branch deals with these symptoms mechanisms
6:10 mechanisms
6:13 treatment and detection of poisoning
6:16 caused by different chemical substances
6:18 it focuses on understanding the
6:20 mechanism of the toxicity
6:23 assessing the risk associated with the
6:26 exposure to the toxic substances and
6:27 developing strategies for their
6:32 then
6:35 on Sixth number seventh number we have
6:38 pharmacov genetics
6:41 this is very important branch of pharmacology
6:42 pharmacology
6:47 and it it basically pharmacogenetics is
6:49 a branch of pharmacology as well as
6:52 genetics that focuses on the study of
6:55 how an individual's genetic makeup
6:59 influences their response to the drug
7:02 it examines how genetic variation can
7:05 affect the drug metabolism efficacy of
7:08 the drug and occurrence of adverse
7:12 effect in a patient because of his or
7:15 her genetic makeup
7:18 then we have pharmacognosi
7:20 and it is a branch of pharmacology which
7:22 deals with the study of medicines
7:25 derived from the natural sources those
7:29 natural sources can be plant or animal
7:33 it involves the identification isolation
7:36 characterization and evaluation of these
7:39 natural products to understand their
7:40 chemical composition biological
7:43 activities and potential application in medicine
7:51 then the next branch of pharmacology is
7:55 pharmacoeconomics and as its name
7:59 suggests that it it is basically it
8:02 deals with the economy economics of the drugs
8:03 drugs
8:05 pharmacoeconomics is a branch of Health
8:07 economics that
8:10 evaluates the economic impact and value
8:13 of pharmaceutical products treatment and
8:15 Healthcare intervention
8:17 it involves the application of economic
8:20 principles and methods to assess the
8:23 costs and outcomes associated with use
8:35 this branch deals with the effect of
8:38 drug on a large population
8:41 the effects may be good or harmful of a
8:44 drug and we see the those effect on a
8:46 larger population
8:48 so it involves the application of
8:51 epidemiological methods to investigate
8:54 the patterns determinants and
8:57 consequences of medication used with the
8:58 goal of informing Healthcare decision
9:09 then we have comparative pharmacology
9:11 and as its name suggests
9:14 We compare two drugs in this Branch so
9:16 it is a branch of pharmacology dealing
9:18 with the comparison of one drug to
9:22 another belonging to the same or to
9:23 another group
9:26 so it involves the investigation
9:28 similarities and the differences in drug
9:31 responses pharmacokinetics
9:33 pharmacodynamics and drug interactions
9:41 then we have pathology
9:43 and this is the branch of pharmacology
9:45 that deals with the study and
9:48 application of principles related to the
9:50 dosage or dosing of the drugs this is
9:52 very important branch of pharmacology
9:56 it involves the study an application of
9:58 principle and guidelines for prescribing
10:01 calculating and administering the
10:05 correct dose of a drug to achieve the
10:07 desired therapeutic effect while
10:17 so that was all about pharmacology and
10:19 its various branches
10:22 in conclusion pharmacology encompasses
10:24 several branches that collectively
10:27 contribute to the understanding and safe
10:31 use of drugs the branches discussed in
10:34 this lecture all these branches they
10:37 play integral role in drug Discovery
10:40 development and patient care as
10:42 pharmacology continues to advance
10:45 it promises to shape the future of
10:47 medicine and improve the healthier
10:50 outcomes for individual worldwide
10:53 thank you all for your attention and I
10:55 hope this overview has provided you with
10:58 a valuable insights into the diverse
11:00 branches of pharmacology
11:01 stay tuned
11:04 And subscribe to my channel like the
11:07 video and in next lecture we will
11:09 discuss about the pharmacokinetics and
11:11 different processes of pharmacokinetics
