0:12 delicate Greenery a richness of colors
0:17 pleasing coolness and a mysterious aura
0:19 forests can help us rest and recover
0:21 physically and mentally
0:24 however forests are more than just for relaxation
0:25 relaxation [Music]
0:35 [Music]
0:37 forests are the most valuable and
0:40 complex terrestrial ecosystems on Earth foreign
0:42 foreign
0:44 they are the living environment for
0:47 thousands of plants fungi and animal species
0:47 species [Music]
0:51 [Music]
0:54 forests produce life-giving oxygen
0:56 filter the polluted air stabilize
1:00 precipitation retain and clear water and
1:02 protect soils from erosion [Music]
1:10 forests are vitally important in the
1:21 the life of a forest Natural Abundance [Music]
1:43 diversity is particularly valuable in
1:50 or organisms that build the forest
1:52 environment need each other and form
1:54 sophisticated interrelations [Music]
1:57 [Music]
1:59 plants cannot live without animals and
2:02 animals cannot live without plants [Music]
2:14 forests are an exemplary environment
2:16 that demonstrates and explains
2:17 biological diversity [Music]
2:20 [Music] foreign
2:22 foreign [Music]
2:23 [Music]
2:26 lets us admire a plethora of varieties
2:27 and forms [Music]
2:31 [Music]
2:34 the immense diversity of living
2:36 organisms results from their adaptation
2:45 the constant formation of individuals
2:47 with new traits that are passed on to
2:49 next Generations increases the survival
2:52 chances of species amid incessant
3:21 when a species becomes extinct the
3:23 services are provided for the ecosystem
3:26 are lost forever it is not possible to
3:28 replace them foreign
3:31 foreign [Music]
3:36 [Music]
3:38 man-made damage and the transformation
3:40 of the environment result in many
3:43 species losing their habitats [Music]
4:05 [Music]
4:10 foreign [Music]
4:16 forests in Poland cover nearly 30
4:20 percent of the country's area
4:22 this solidly green patch looks
4:24 inconspicuous in the bird's eye view but
4:31 forests are home to nearly 70 percent of
4:34 all known and described organisms found
4:35 in Poland living in the wild [Music]
4:44 polish forests are formed of around 50
4:47 tree species
4:50 the most abundant and significant are
4:55 pine Spruce large fur Oak Beach Birch
4:58 Alda and Ash [Music]
5:01 [Music]
5:03 in all latitudes they form deciduous
5:14 however less abundant species also known
5:17 as admixture species such as Aspen Rowan
5:20 horn Bean Maple and Sycamore also
5:22 determine the richness and diversity of
5:31 the composition and diversity of a
5:34 forest depend on its geographic location
5:37 altitude its distance from the sea and
5:48 in Poland 15 habitat types of lowland
5:50 forests three habitat types of Upland
5:52 forests and seven types of mountain
5:55 forests have been distinguished [Music]
6:04 coniferous forest habitats of poor
6:07 fertility cover the largest area where
6:09 fresh coniferous and fresh mixed
6:12 coniferous forests dominate they
6:14 represent over half of all forested
6:16 areas they are largely composed of
6:19 Evergreen Pines
6:22 Pine as a pioneer species grows very
6:25 well in a wide range of habitats
6:27 it is undemanding with regard to the
6:29 substrate it grows on which makes it
6:31 able to live both on dry Sandy soils and
6:34 in Marshy areas
6:37 because it is strongly sun loving it
6:38 tends to Tower over other trees in the forest
6:40 forest
6:49 [Music]
6:52 alongside typically Forest communities
6:54 Woodlands also contain some non-forest
6:57 ecosystems with their specific flora and fauna
6:57 fauna [Music]
6:59 [Music]
7:01 these are mainly arable Fields Meadows
7:11 [Music]
7:13 bulk forests are a special kind of habitat
7:14 habitat
7:17 they grow in land depressions Hollows
7:26 their formation is mainly determined by
7:28 groundwater levels and periodic inundations
7:34 as they present a remarkably favorable
7:36 living space for very numerous species
7:39 of animals plants and fungi they are
7:41 immensely important in species conservation
7:43 conservation [Music]
7:46 [Music]
7:49 in early spring soon after courtship
7:51 displays cranes disappear in waterlogged
8:05 they pick secluded and inaccessible places
8:13 adult Birds now and couples build their
8:24 the nests can reach one meter in diameter
8:30 [Music]
8:33 the female lays two brown Darkly spotted eggs
8:50 from Spring to Autumn moose roamed the
9:00 they feed intensely finding plenty of
9:00 fresh food [Music]
9:08 mostly it secluded Lifestyles enjoying
9:11 the presence of mud and water [Music]
9:16 [Music]
9:19 they have very sharp hearing and Keen
9:22 noses but a little poorer eyesight they
9:24 like wandering about and often cover
9:29 foreign [Music]
9:33 [Music]
9:35 in winter when temperatures drop deeply
9:38 below zero moose must move to the forest
9:40 and look for food there [Music]
9:51 apart from bison they are among the
9:53 largest animals in Poland their weight
9:56 May reach up to 800 kilograms [Music]
10:06 the most essential role in a forest is
10:09 played by trees which form a subtle
10:11 composition of interpenetrating
10:13 microclimates throughout its complex
10:15 vertical structure [Music]
10:20 conditions in the forest floor are
10:22 different to those at the trunk level
10:28 each layer creates slightly different
10:30 ecological conditions that suit various organisms
10:40 trees form the topmost level of a forest
10:43 overshadowing the forest floor this
10:45 layer suppresses evaporation from the
10:47 floor and increases air humidity the
10:49 tree can appear as particularly
10:51 important for birds
10:53 both small and larger songbirds feel
11:05 a wide Tree Crown is good to build a
11:06 nest on [Music]
11:20 the black stalk is secretive and very
11:22 timid that is why it lives a reclusive
11:27 in remote backwards and vast
11:39 for its nest it favors all trees
11:42 once constructed it can served for many years
11:49 the blackstorm population in Poland is
11:52 currently around 1 200 couples [Music]
12:00 [Music]
12:03 trees are also home to Beetles from very
12:05 small to very large ones such as the
12:16 great Capricorn beetles boast antennae
12:18 of impressive size often longer than the
12:19 insect's body [Music]
12:25 their polish name suggests a relation
12:29 with Oaks they avoid dense tree stands [Music]
12:31 [Music]
12:33 for their development they select trees
12:35 thicker than 40 centimeters with deeply
12:37 grooved bark and growing in sunlit places
12:46 the larvae develop and feed an old
12:49 usually lone Oaks where they carve out
12:59 beneath the canopy lies the undergrowth layer
13:05 it is formed by Young trees and shrubs
13:07 that can withstand the shadow cast by
13:13 it includes juvenile Pines and spruces
13:15 as well as saplings of various
13:23 undergrowth also comprises young stands
13:25 planted by human hands all at the same time
13:27 time
13:29 which makes them of similar height and
13:31 equal age [Music]
13:32 [Music]
13:35 this layer reaches up to 4 meters
13:37 providing a safe hiding place for
13:38 insects and birds among the plant Thicket
13:40 Thicket [Music]
13:45 [Music]
13:47 the great spotted woodpecker produces
13:55 there can be up to seven chicks in the
13:56 hole so there is some bustling about
14:10 many species of large mammals also live
14:12 in the undergrowth finding shelter and
14:13 bubble food [Music]
14:37 wild boars feel best living in deciduous
14:43 smell is their sharpest sense although
14:45 their touch and hearing are also well developed
14:52 they are typical omnivores
14:54 rooting through the forest floor they
14:56 dig out tree and shrub seeds fruit
15:07 balls are very beneficial in the forest
15:10 acting as natural plows they enable
15:12 plant self-dispersal and by eating all
15:15 kinds of insects their larvae and poupee
15:25 [Music]
15:27 European bison
15:29 these beasts are Europe's largest
15:31 mammals living in the wild up until
15:33 recently they were under the threat of Extinction
15:35 Extinction
15:37 the current population amounts to just
15:45 adult males can weigh up to a ton and
15:47 reach a grown man's height in the withers
15:49 withers [Music]
15:51 [Music]
15:53 they live in herds of around a dozen but
15:56 in Autumn they merge into groups of up
16:08 they are incredibly fit and resilient
16:10 they can travel long distances in search
16:13 of preferable areas [Music]
16:21 Poland it can be found in the Woodlands
16:24 of the viawavera forest borky forest
16:26 knission forest the ashtada mountains
16:27 and Pomerania [Music]
16:35 the undergrowth shrubs and young trees
16:38 are home to many species of spiders [Music]
16:50 using glands on their abdomens spiders
16:52 spin silk threads to form cobwebs for
17:03 [Music]
17:06 spider silk is a very durable and
17:08 flexible material [Music]
17:13 [Music]
17:15 the shape and petal of a meticulously
17:18 woven cobweb is distinctive of each species
17:19 species [Music]
17:20 [Music] [Laughter]
17:21 [Laughter] [Music]
17:35 [Music]
17:38 amphibians and reptiles are also
17:40 abundant in this layer of the forest [Music]
17:48 escalapian snake is the largest and
17:54 [Music]
17:57 its body length can Exceed 2 meters [Music]
18:04 [Music]
18:06 it can be found in the south of Poland
18:09 predominantly in the biashade mountains
18:11 it sticks to the fringes of deciduous forests
18:13 forests foreign
18:14 foreign [Music]
18:20 sunlit sites with mosaics of Forest
18:24 clearings Meadows Riverbanks and streams [Music]
18:26 [Music]
18:29 it is active during the day and often
18:31 climbs branches of bushes and small trees
18:32 trees [Music]
18:37 [Music]
18:40 it Hunts on the ground lying in weight
18:43 and then strangling its prey it is not venomous
18:45 venomous
18:48 feeds mainly on rodents but it won't say
18:57 can also hunt other snakes or Lizards
18:59 but those are rare cases [Music]
19:08 the watchful golden Oriole exotically
19:10 colored and constantly on the Move
19:13 intently penetrates the thicket of shrubs
19:19 such as for some tasty spiders and
19:27 it builds a barely visible basket-like
19:30 Nest among dense leaves several meters
19:41 in Autumn colorful fruit appear on most
19:43 undergrowth shrubs while trees produce
20:02 the layer located just above the ground
20:08 it is composed of around 600 plant species
20:13 in early spring when it gets warmer and
20:15 when still leafless trees and shrubs let
20:17 a lot of light reach the forest floor
20:20 riparian forests Oak hornbeam forests
20:23 oakwoods and beechwoods are clad in
20:30 then the herb layer takes its most Lush
20:40 in March wood and enemies emerge in the
20:43 forest they stretch in a compact sheets
20:45 over vast surfaces replacing the
20:48 brownish forest floor of winter with a
20:51 green and white carpet foreign
21:01 forests wear deep Shadow lies there are
21:03 hardly any herbaceous plants their
21:15 [Music]
21:18 amphibians dwell in the moists of the
21:20 herb layer while snakes and lizards can
21:22 bask in the warmth of sunlight and
21:24 exposed areas [Music]
21:29 [Music] foreign
21:48 [Music]
21:51 and bright yellow spots are distinctive
21:54 of Poland's largest Hill amphibian
21:56 fire salamander [Music]
22:04 it leads a lock tunnel though sometimes
22:07 especially on rainy days it leaves its
22:10 hiding place to go on a hunt it moves
22:12 clumsily and slowly so its diet includes
22:15 mainly earthworms and slugs [Music]
22:18 [Music]
22:21 it is a loner when surprised it does not
22:24 run away but freezes it prefers to live
22:43 this amphibian is incredibly difficult
22:45 to find although it is distributed
22:52 chooses habitats on the edges of
22:55 coniferous forests or on dunes
22:57 throughout the day it remains in hiding
23:01 borrowed into the soil or under rocks
23:03 it is not until the meeting season that
23:05 it moves to moist sites
23:09 courtship takes place mostly at night
23:12 males try to attract partners with loud
23:13 rattle-like calling [Music]
23:16 [Music]
23:19 it is the smallest of all toads in Poland
23:19 Poland [Music]
23:31 the herb layer is also inhabited by
23:34 numerous mammals such as Badgers foxes
23:45 in spring when temperatures rise to
23:48 around 15 degrees Celsius hedgehogs wake
23:49 from their winter sleep [Music]
23:57 these small mammals with pointed smelts
23:59 and little eyes typically inhabits first
24:07 their bodies are covered in spines which
24:09 provide protection against Predator attacks
24:15 [Music]
24:18 hedgehogs are omnivorous with earthworms
24:20 being the main component of their diets
24:22 owing to their availability Mass
24:25 presence and how easy they are to catch [Music]
24:34 [Music]
24:36 the layer closest to the ground is the
24:38 litter layer [Music]
24:42 [Music]
24:45 it is formed of freshly Falling Leaves
24:48 Twigs bark peelings seed fragments and
24:55 its composition is determined by a tree
25:01 dead wood that letters the forest floor
25:03 is a particularly important element of
25:11 it provides the basic source of organic
25:14 matter and creates life environments for
25:16 thousands of species whose survival
25:17 depends on the presence of wood [Music]
25:27 many of these species are rare or protected
25:33 Forest rodents Fallen logs are a perfect
25:46 another group of organisms associated
25:48 with Deadwood are fungi or decomposers
25:51 which feed on dead organic matter [Music]
25:56 [Music]
25:59 their role in the forest is invaluable
26:00 because they rank among the few
26:02 organisms able to break down cellulose
26:05 and lignin [Music]
26:15 [Music]
26:17 fruiting bodies of the sulfur polypole
26:19 grow stacked together over decaying oak
26:22 logs they often form large groups and
26:24 their Mass May reach as much as 10 kilograms
26:25 kilograms [Music]
26:54 during frostless Winters and in early
26:57 spring Scarlet elf caps emerge from the
26:59 melting snow growing on falling twigs
27:05 these brightly red flower-like fungi
27:08 occur individually or in loose groups
27:10 they prefer Wetland areas underlayed by
27:20 during the long periods of rainy weather
27:22 from Summer to Autumn the coral tooth
27:24 fungus forms its fruiting bodies on the
27:26 Fallen trunks of broad-leaved trees
27:29 mainly beaches and Oaks foreign
27:34 these structures are a veritable
27:36 ornament of a forest bearing a
27:55 and so ubiquitous inhabitants of the
28:05 103 species have been reported in Poland
28:07 these small insects with Slender bodies
28:09 and large Heads live in great communities
28:16 they are remarkably hard-working and beneficial
28:22 every day they travel long distances in
28:24 search of food and remove millions of
28:27 harmful insect herbivores [Music]
28:30 [Music]
28:32 they act as a forest sanitation service
28:35 decomposing uneaten debris and animal excrements
28:37 excrements [Music]
28:40 [Music]
28:42 the forest little air is also where
28:45 beetles sails and some spiders live [Music]
28:57 for Millennia forests have undergone
28:59 constant Transformations adapting to the
29:02 conditions prevailing on Earth [Music]
29:03 [Music]
29:06 in order to function properly this Rich
29:08 ecosystem needs tree stands that are
29:10 diverse in terms of species composition
29:11 and age
29:14 with large and small open areas and with
29:16 trees left to naturally die and produce
29:18 slowly decomposing wood [Music]
29:25 today to let forests perform their
29:28 numerous functions it is necessary to
29:30 wisely manage their resources [Music]
29:34 [Music]
29:36 which Foresters care to ensure that the
29:38 Natural Abundance of our forest is preserved
29:40 preserved
29:42 it is them who through sustainable
29:45 Forest management secure the stable
29:47 continuity of the wildlife richness
29:50 regenerative potential and the Vitality
29:52 of forests and the forest's ability to
29:55 serve protective economic and social
