The discussion centers on the challenges and opportunities presented by the Fourth Industrial Revolution, emphasizing the critical need for responsive and responsible leadership to address societal divisions, rebuild trust, and ensure inclusive prosperity in an era of rapid technological advancement.
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great
great good evening my name is n Woods
I'm the founding dean of the blatnik
school of government at Oxford
University and it's a great pleasure to
be moderating uh this session at the
world economic Forum this year uh let me
just point a small logistical detail out
uh I have here an iPad on which your
questions will appear I'm not exactly
sure how you get your question onto my
iPad but um apparently there will be
instructions put on a slide but I would
welcome your questions right from the
beginning of this session I'd love it to
be a
conversation that I'm going to introduce
you to our panelists in a moment but
before we move to
that I'd just like to introduce
tonight's topic by saying that last year
at dvos we all were invited to master
the fourth Industrial Revolution greatly
helped by K Claus Schwab's excellent
book on the subject this year a different
different
challenge has
sharpened people across Europe and
across the United States have in a way
risen up and
said we don't feel we belong and we
don't feel we're being heard by leaders
in the public sector and sometimes
leaders in the private sect sector
sector
the Claus Schwab proposed to us on the
eve of this year's World economic Forum
that that fact means that we all have to
now focus on responsive and responsible
leadership and he put to us the idea
that a good leader has radar and a
compass so think about what president Xi
Jinping told us this morning if we want
to cross the ocean can't Retreat back
into the but every time there's a storm
so the leaders in this room certainly
need radar to know what citizens are
thinking and wanting and concerned about
you certainly need a compass as
Professor Schwab tells us the values
that are going to take you
forward but I think we need to add one
thing you need a crew you need to bring
people along with you governments across
the world need a narrative that helps
people people to feel that they do
belong that they are being heard that's
one way that they can start to rebuild
trust so what we're going to do on
tonight's panel is we're going to share
have these panelists share their wisdom
on where we are at the beginning of
2017 and what are the ways that we can
begin to rebuild trust and to manage the
fourth Industrial Revolution in a way
that helps societies come together more
cohesively more
prosperously and I'd like to start by
turning to Dr Vishal Sika the CEO of
infas Vishal you're the son of a
Railways engineer you saw
technology at that phase and you're also
a surfer so you know all about dodging the
the waves
waves
um what's the disruption that we most
need to pay attention to that's coming
from the new technologies and and why
why should we pay so much attention to
the dis to the
disruption I think the uh if you look at
the um the the way the people are
affected as you described um and all the
geopolitical changes that are happening
they are all happening within the wider
context of the technological disruption
that is impacting all of us in
particular the development and the
advance of of AI technology I think that
a artificial intelligence and certainly
the advance that we have seen just in
the last one year and certainly in the
last few years when I look back on this
time compared to when I was a PhD
student studying AI it is staggering and
yet in many ways we are in the
beginnings of this technology and the
Revolution and in many ways we Face the
prospect of leaving a larger SWA of
humanity behind us um in the light of
this technology than any technology that
we have ever created so we need to be
extra careful extra conscious put in an
extra effort to ensure that we don't
create a bigger divide uh that we don't
create a even bigger Society of have
knots that the technology that we build
now is in service of everyone uh and
that means
education a deep commitment to education
that means a a deep commitment to
helping people bridge this displacement
Gap uh when Technologies disrupt jobs
and and so forth uh that means uh
creating a sense of we can create and
reshape the future of these Technologies
for our future in a way that benefits
everyone and doesn't leave large parts
of humanity behind that's what I see so
so in Britain in the United States in
other countries in Europe it feels as
though people are staging a mutiny the
crew are not with established
governments and established leaders is
that happening in
India um is there a fear of mutiny or a
risk of mutiny I think uh and M if I can
speak about this in um much more
richness the uh I think in India there
is a tremendous opportunity there is a
um it's a in India is a young country
India is a technologically advanced
country uh India is a very
entrepreneurial country in ways that are
not seen in the outside and yet when you
look at the recent um uh demonetization
that was done in India you can see both
of these aspects at play the opportunity
that technology can create and the way
that some of these disruptions can
really affect the com the the ordinary
people so the answer to your question is
both yes and no depending on how we look
at India but perhaps mesh can speak
about this in more detail well let me
move straight to Mukesh then mesh Amani
you've watched Reliance grow from being
a 1 million company to being a $70
billion company that's extraordinary
growth but in a country where there's a
lot of poverty and there's also a
fantastic democratic tradition of of
rebellion what what's your view on the
disruption in
India well I think uh if we first start
with what Vishal said in terms of
uh how do people how does Humanity
progress and how do we as a society
progress right I think that at this time
in India we are blessed with uh having
very strong leadership from our prime
minister Mr Modi he
has painted a vision for India which
creates foundations because when you
Embrace technology you should use
technology for the good of all people
and I think that the Technologies of the
fourth Industrial Revolution really are
all inclusive and will benefit
all and there require a sense of
foundation and let me you know quickly
just tell you what Vishal said so even
if we are a very young country we have
200 million of our 1.2 billion in
schools and clearly education needs to
transform itself the fastest way that we
can transform education in a big country
like India is use technology it's the
biggest equalizer it can produce results
in not decades but in the next 3 to 5
years and that can then create and
benefit all so for all of this you
really need a foundation and you need
for a country and a society to embrace
rather than isolate itself to as uh
Premier Z said in the morning that
uh if the world is interconnected by
oceans you don't need to divide it into
rivers and lakes and the same thing is
true when you want to embrace uh
technology so from that point of view
yes I also believe that uh all the
components of technology and
particularly the fourth Industrial
Revolution Technologies are all
inclusive so in a sense they are the
biggest equalizer for a country like
India for all all our 1.2 billion people
we in India have uh a foundation where
we have got an identity system for over
1.1 billion people this will then enable
us right with the recent
demonetization and the movement to
digital cash uh so far India has been
only what I call a high value low volume
credit transaction so the common man the
ordinary man the people whose voice
uh everybody should hear right had no
access to credit I think that that can
change very very fast with embracement
of technology and you know there can be
many such uh example
so in summary what is happening in India
is that we are
embracing technology for leadership our
young people are embracing technology
Society is moving and in the last 90
days because of demonetization we've had
a major movement to what I call less
cash or digital cash and people have
accepted that there is support at the
grassroot level because in the end they
think it is for a better life for
themselves and as long as uh we are
responsible to deliver that and I
believe that the fourth Industrial
Revolution Technologies can deliver that
it'll do well but can I ask you very
personally you know the world many many
people across the world are saying that
globalization has been managed you know
by folks like all of
us and has benefited the top 1% much
much more than anyone
else that's in sharp Focus now what do
you feel personally as your as one of
the 1% so what's your personal
responsibility is it to support your
government to distribute better is it to
how how do you see that moving forward
how do you see your own responsibility
moving forward well I think that it is very
very
important that opportunities are given
equally to all right and what
interconnected like we
have all 7 billion people on this world
are in a sense should be connected and
they should have a shared Destiny and shared
shared
Prosperity doing that that right once
you have access to opportunity you first
have to create wealth before you can
distribute wealth so for a country like
India I am extremely committed and as I
have seen the wealth creation on a
grassroot basis right uh it's important
that to raise standards of living and
quality of life for all our billion
people we give a fair share of
opportunity to everybody give education
to everybody
embrace the free market for creation of
wealth and then once wealth is created
right distribution is the easier problem
to have but you shouldn't shun creation
of wealth creation of wealth is more
important than distribution of we right
I mean I think in a lot of parts of the
world people are saying yes we've been
hearing that for 30 years but it looks
as though the distribution is becoming
more and more skewed to the top
1% Mark Benny off
your chair and CEO of
Salesforce um and you tell me a
committed ukulele player um but how do
you see the responsibility of the
1% who have so benefited from
globalization yeah well for me when I
started a Salesforce uh you know 17
years ago I thought a lot about how do
we integrate companies more deeply into
society how do we get back how do we um
support many of the NGS that are here
that's why when we started our company
we put 1% of our Equity our profit and
our time into a a nonprofit and NGO code
salesforce.org it was easy at the time
because we had no employees we had no
products or Equity uh but today of
course you know we are a company with a
market cap of 50 Something billion
dollars and we have 25,000 employees and
so we've been able to give
back um um hundreds of Millions but also
millions of hours of volunteerism and we
run 30,000 nonprofits and Nos and many
of them are here uh for free on our
services equality in the equality crisis
certainly is a child of
globalization you know the access to
Capital and the access to this
technology that is really available to
so few then really gives them this kind
of incredible unfair advantage and up
they have gone I think coming back to
vishal's comment I think that when we
look at what's happening right now in
technology um this this is the moment I
think when we have the highest level of
anxiety because we can see advancements
in artificial intelligence that are
beyond what we um even expected it's
happening at a rate and capability that
we're worrying that um how how will this
impact um uh the the every man and also
the the the the broad broad range of
workers across the world this year my
heart has been with so many migrants and
refugees who um 65 million refugees
across the world and these touching
stories and and and and and thinking
about um how they're going to get back
to stability in
homes I I think now about how artificial
intelligence will create digital
refugees and how people will be
displaced from jobs tens of millions of
people across the planet because
technology is moving forward so rapidly
creating much lower cost much easier to
use and much more capable uh work
environments so companies
individuals um very people that we have
here we have to decide are we going to
be committed to supporting uh and improving
improving
uh this uh state of the world or are we
just going to kind of let this go as it
is and so we're really at a very we're
at a crucial crucial point right now uh
I'm convinced can I just uh follow up so
what's the solution to that you've just
painted a picture
of hundreds of thousands millions of
people who will no longer have
jobs and and what is it that you think
leaders should be doing now to ensure
that those those people feel included
and heard in the Societies in which they
live well I think that you know that
throughout history technology has
displaced workers but then workers have
the opportunity to be trained or
retrained or vocational training or
education or supported and today there's
more people working in the world than
there ever has been in the history of
the world as evidence to that point so
we're at a very good place actually now
obviously there's 200 million youth you
know who are unemployed that's a a
terrible statistic that we need to focus
on there is you know pockets of dramatic
unemployment throughout the world even
where I live in the United States but we
are at a point where it's possible that
this technology could accelerate to the
point where we'll see this kind of
creation of these uh digital refugees
and I think that that is something that
we really need to be mindful of and
start having these very serious
conversations multi-stakeholder
dialogues honestly you know where we can
bring together corporate leaders
government leaders social leaders NOS
only through a multi-stakeholder
dialogue are we going to get this answer
there is no you know clear path forward
and as V said so well all this has just
happened you know in a matter of months
so we are really just on the just you
know it's a fairly recent um observation
of what What's happen happening today
it's quite it's quite you know it's an
amazing time that's why we call it the
fourth Industrial Revolution this is
incredible what is happening all these
things at once cloud computing mobile
Computing artificial intelligence
genetic engineering all these things are
happening all at one so well articulated
in Professor Schwab's book so and what's
the thing that's happened just in the
last few months to which you're
referring well the advancements in
artificial intelligence the ability for
the software to learn more rapidly than
we we expected MH um can I move to Mary
barah um Mary you grew up child of a die
maker and but put yourself through
college and you've been at GM 36 years
um your crew probably trust you a lot in
fact there's lots of evidence that they
do but you're in a car industry that's
negotiating difficult Waters some would
say that the government in the United
States is threatening to do what
president xiin ping this morning said to
retreat to retreat back to its own
Harbor or to require its companies to
retreat back to their own Harbor
um what's your strategy in those
difficult Waters well you know clearly
the clearly the the industry uh the Auto
industry is undergoing you know rapid
transformation as almost every industry
is in uh not only you know advancements
in I'll say the traditional owner driver
model but then you know the
opportunities with autonomist that you
know do provide a lot of societal
benefit when you think about the fact
that uh whether it's it's the population
that can't uh doesn't have the skills to
drive uh or the physical ability to
drive autonomous really provides uh
freedom of getting from point A to point
B which for all of us that can do that
is is a huge benefit so you know we look
at the technology are coming we see how
it is going to improve for society but
you know we have to look at how how are
those shifts going to be made and and
how do we manage that business and you
know clearly uh articulating the vision
so our employees it's for us I think it
starts with our employees and our
customers of understanding and and
building the trust of here's where we're
going and you know here's how things
will change and and how we have to adapt
but then also Pro providing a road map
I've talked about the fact that you need
to be incredibly transparent in order to
have trust people people have to you you
really have to paint the picture and and
not only share the good news but share
the difficult news and then the
solutions how you're going to move
forward one of the other key areas and
and a couple of the other panelists have
mentioned is education and we're at at
General Motors investing a lot in not
only educating our existing um employees
for the new technical skills that are
going to be needed but also reaching
deep um into all the communities in
which we live and work in the education
systems there of how can we support to
make sure um there's more stem uh
education involved and we just got
involved with a girl a strategic
partnership was announced with girls who
code because when you look at um and and
deep diving into the middle school to
make sure young girls are are not making
decisions at that point that are going
to you know really make it more
difficult for them to get involved in a
Technology field because technology is a
part of almost every industry so you
know there's an obligation that we feel
from to our employees in communicating
and painting the picture of where
they're going and providing the road
maps that you know each individually
eventually has to be accountable for but
then also reaching deeper into making
sure that as the workforce as we grow
the workforce as as you know children
enter the workforce and and young adults
that they've got the skills that are
going to be necessary because right now
not only do we have uh some that are
unemployed but we also have areas where
you know there's there's jobs available
and we don't have people with the skill
set so if you if you fast forward 10
years in your industry will it be mostly
robots no I mean I I still think the
traditional owner driver model of I get
in you know drive my own vehicle I mean
think that there's markets around the
world that you know they aspire to have
that type of personal Mobility I think
autonomous if you put yourself if you
put um the customer in the center and
look at how do I add PE value to
people's lives uh you know it's going to
be the full range from the model we know
today to dense urban areas that
autonomous is going to make sense
because it reduces congestion uh you
know driving isn't that
um uh remarkable when you're in stop and
go traffic with no place to park and so
if you look at solving real issues for
for the customer I think there's going
to be a wide variety of solutions for a
very long time but I guess I'm asking um
when President elect
Trump um suggests to a different company
that they should produce their cars in
America not
Mexico there's an assumption that the
jobs will go to American workers instead
of Mexican workers but surely in the end
it's just going to go to American
robots the people who make car I think
that's a bit of a jump I think that's a
bit of a jump having been in the company
for 36 years and actually worked in the
area where you know when you look from a
from a Workforce perspective yes there's
automation that's used but when you need
flexibility and you think about the
customization that happens in our
industry the most flexible uh uh asset
is is a human being that can do do
different things so I still think it's
going to be a blend I I see it every day
um and so I I I I think that's
oversimplifying what's really going to
happen thank you um chairman Shu can I
come to you you're chairman of uh
China's um electricity grid company you
grew up in the countryside outside of
Beijing um your parents had no
electricity but you were part of a
generation that did have electricity and
you were telling me about your love of
reading No Doubt with electric
light I doubt you dreamt that you would
be heading
China's electricity grid company did you
dream that as a child no no no and now
you're there you've got a tough job
because the Chinese people the Chinese government
government
say that they have a crisis of polluted
air polluted food polluted
water and yet you've got a billion
people to provide energy for and you're
right at the heart of that yeah is
technology going to help you do that yes yes
yes
sure uh yeah I'm a electrical engineer
and I have been I have been working uh
for the power
industry uh over 35 years
already uh yes in my childhood it just
started uh to uh electrification in the rural
rural
areas uh but now uh China's power
industry is uh very strong mhm uh state
grade of China corpor Corporation of
China uh ranked number two uh in the uh
five uh for uh Global for 500 number two
now and with a ten no over three uh
three uh 100 billion US
Dollars and we are facing a lot of
energies MH first of all you know China
energy sector the co uh is dominated M
so how
to uh uh provide the electricity to the
1.3 billion people and also with uh
clean and uh clean and clean and the
safe and the
reliable energy that's our
challenge uh for for many years we have
put a lot of uh put a lot of effort on
that uh the
first uh one is a Technology Innovation
so in my company we have invented the
UV technology you know UV techn
technology means we we
upgrade uh the the voltage of the
transmission M so in China in my company
we have
1100 uh plus and minus 1100 KV
transmission lines uh also we have
invented the 800 KV USV DC technology
with that
technology with the USV DC technology we
can transmit the power from the West
part of the country to the East part and
in the west we have a
plentiful of the water uh uh resources
and the core resources especially we
have a uh renewable energy located in
the west so how to transmit the large
part of the power to the uh load Center
in the East
High so last week a couple of your
cities were asphyxiating in the smog
how it's a race isn't it you need to get
electricity to the poorest parts of
China yes but your cities have to be
livable yeah and they're becoming
unlivable yeah so can you win that race
yeah we uh uh we have made achievement
for for the power of wall every every
household in China now can be exess of
the electricity MH yeah M
that put a lot of effort a lot so now in
China even you live in the very remote
areas you can no problem to use the
electricity yeah and what about the
other panelists have talked
about the the kind of reactions to
globalization president xiin ping
mentioned it this morning I remember
being in China when China was exceeding
to the WTO and there was a very Lively
debate about the pros and cons of
globalization but is there is there an anti-globalization
