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This content consists of four sections from an IELTS listening test, covering a conversation about childcare enrollment, a radio interview about dolphin conservation, a discussion between theatre studies students, and a lecture on leadership theory.

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Cambridge English IELTS 10 published by

Cambridge University Press and Cambridge

English language assessment 2015 this

recording is copyright CD 2 test 3 you

will hear a number of different

recordings and you will have to answer

questions on what you hear there will be

time for you to read the instructions

and questions and you will have a chance

to check your work all the recordings

will be played once only the test is in

four sections at the end of the test you

will be given 10 minutes to transfer

your answers to an answer sheet now turn

to section 1 section 1 you will hear a

conversation between the director of a

childcare centre and a parent enrolling

her child in the centre first you have

you will see that there is an example

that has been done for you on this

occasion only the conversation relating

to this will be played first good

morning welcome to the early learning

child care center how may I help you hi

I spoke to you last week about enrolling

my daughter for next year oh yes I'll

just get some details from you so you're

her mother that's right and can I have

your name it's Carol Carol Smith the

parents name is Carol Smith so Smith has

been written in the space now we shall

begin you should answer the questions as

you listen because you will not hear the

recording a second time listen carefully

and answer questions 1 to 6 good morning

welcome to the early learning child care

center how may I help you hi I spoke to

you last week about enrolling my

daughter for next year oh yes I'll just

get some details from you so you're her

mother that's right and can I have your

name it's Carol Carol Smith and your

daughter's name it's Kate now we have

several groups at the center and we

cater for children from 3 to 5 years old

how old is your daughter she's 3 now but

she turns four next month I'll put 4

down because that's how old she'll be

when she starts fine she's so excited

about a birthday and coming to the

center no that's good to hear and what's

your address it's 46 wombat Road that's

WOM b8e

Woodside 403 - and what's the phone

number oh it's three three four five

nine eight six five so have you decided

on the days you would like to bring your

daughter here I prefer Monday and

Wednesday if possible mmm I'll check

Monday's find

I think the center is already full for

Wednesday yes sorry it seems to be a

very popular day we can offer you a

Thursday or a Friday as well oh dear I

suppose Thursday would be alright

because she has swimming on Friday okay

got that because a lot of parents work

we do offer flexible start and finish

times we're open from 7:30 in the

morning until 6 o'clock at night what

time would you like your daughter to

start I need to get to work in the city

by 9:00 so I'll drop her off at 8:30

mm-hmm you're pretty close to the city

here so that should give me plenty of

time to get there that's fine

now we also need to decide which group

she'll be in we have two different

groups and they're divided up according

to age there's the green group which is

for 3 to 4 year-olds and then there's

the red group which is for 4 to 5 year-olds

year-olds

she's quite mature for her age and she

can already write her name and read a

little well I'll put her in the red

group and we can always change it at the

green one if there are any problems that

sounds fine okay let's move on to meals

we can provide breakfast lunch and

dinner as she's finishing pretty early

she won't need dinner will you give her

breakfast before she comes yes she'll

only need lunch before you hear the rest

of the conversation you have some time

now does she have any medical conditions

we need to know about

does she have asthma or any hearing

problems for example no but she does

need to wear glasses oh I'll make a note

of that yes she's pretty good about

wearing them she can't see much without

them right ok now I also need emergency

contact details so what sort of

information do you need just the name

and number of a friend or family member

we can contact in case we can't get hold

of you at any time ok that it better be

my sister Jenny ball huh that's be a

double ill her phone number is 3 3 4 6 7

5 2 3 great so she is the child aren't

yes that's right I'll make a note of

that as well now is there anything you'd

like to ask what about payment how much

of the fees each term well for two days

and the hours you've chosen that will be

four hundred and fifty dollars

altogether okay and do I have to pay

that now no we send out invoices once

the children start at the center you can

choose to pay at the end of each term or

we do offer a slightly discounted rate

if you pay every month oh I'll do that

then I find it easier to budget that way

and I'm not used to the term dates just

yet good it makes it a lot simpler for

us as well well that's everything would

you like me to show you around the

center that is the end of section 1 you

now have half a minute to check your answers

now turn to section 2 section 2 you will

hear a woman called Alice bustle talking

on the radio above the dolphin

Conservation Trust an organization which

tries to protect dolphins first you have

now listen carefully and answer

questions 11 to 15 today we're pleased

to have on the show Alice bustle from

the dolphin Conservation Trust tell us

about the trust Alice

well obviously its purpose is to protect

dolphins in seas all around the world it

tries to raise people's awareness of the

problems these marine creatures are

suffering because of pollution and other

threats it started 10 years ago and it's

one of the fastest growing animal

charities in the country although it's

still fairly small compared with the big

players in Animal Protection we're

particularly proud of the work we do in education

education

last year we visited a huge number of

schools in different parts of the

country going round to talk to children

and young people aged from 5 to 18 in

fact about 35% of our members are

children the charity uses its money to

support campaigns for example for

changes in fishing policy and so forth

it hopes soon to be able to employ its

first full-time biologist with dolphin

expertise to monitor populations of

course many people give their services

on a voluntary basis and we now have

volunteers working in observation office

work and other things I should also tell

you about the award we won from the

charity Commission last year for our

work in education although it's not

meant an enormous amount of money for us

it has made our activities even more

widely publicized and understood in the

long term it may not bring in extra

members but we're hoping it'll have this

effect is it possible to see dolphins in

UK waters yes in several locations and

we have a big project in the East part

of Scotland this has long been a haven

for dolphins because it has very little

shipping however that may be about to

change soon because oil companies want

to increase exploration there we're

campaigning against this because

although there'll be little pollution

from oil exploration creates a lot of underwater

underwater

noise it means the Dolphins can't rest

and socialize this is how I became

interested in Dolphin conservation in

the first place I had never seen one and

I hadn't been particularly interested in

them at school then I came across this

story about a family of dolphins who had

to leave their home in the Morpher

because of the oil companies and about a

child who campaigned to save them I

before you hear the rest of the talk you

have some time to look at questions

now listen and answer questions sixteen

to twenty I'm sure our listeners will

want to find out what they can do to

help you mentioned the adopter dolphin

scheme can you tell us about that

of course people can choose one of our

dolphins to sponsor they receive a

picture of it and news updates I'd like

to tell you about four which are

currently being adopted by our members

Moondancer echo Kiwi and Sampson

unfortunately echo is being rather

elusive this year and hasn't yet been

cited by our observers but we remain

optimistic that he'll be out there soon

all the others have been out in force

Samson and Moondancer are often

photographed together but at Kiwi who's

our real character as she seems to love

coming up close for the cameras and

we've captured her on film hundreds of

times they all have their own

personalities Moondancer is very elegant

and curves out and into the water very smoothly

smoothly

whereas Samson has a lot of energy he's

always leaping out of the water with

great vigor you'd probably expect him to

be the youngest he's not quite that's

Kiwi but Samson's the latest of our

dolphins to be chosen for the scheme

Kiwi makes a lot of noise so we can

often pick her out straight away echo

and Moondancer and noisy - but Moondance

is easy to find because she has a

particularly large fin on her back which

makes her easy to identify so yes

they're all very different well they

sound a fascinating group and that is the

the

section two you now have half a minute

now turn to section 3 section 3 you will

hear a student called Rob who is in the

first year of a theatre studies course

talking to another student called Mir

who's in the fourth year of the same

course first you have some time to look

now listen carefully and answer

questions 21 to 25 hi Rob how's the

course going Oh

hi Mia yeah great I can't believe the

first terms nearly over

I saw your group's performance last

night at the student theatre it was good

really yeah but now we have to write a

report on the whole thing an in-depth

analysis I don't know where to start

like I have to write about the role I

played the doctor how I developed the

character well what was your starting

point my grandfather was a doctor before

he retired and I just based it on him

okay but how did you talk to him about

it he must have all sorts of stories but

he never says much about his work even

now he has a sort of authority though so

how did you manage to capture that I'd I

visualise what he must have been like in

the past when he was sitting in his

consulting room listening to his

patients okay so that's what you

explained in your report right then

there's the issue of atmosphere so in

the first scene we needed to know how

boring life was in the doctor's village

in the 1950s so when the curtain went up

on the first scene in the waiting room

there was that long silence before

anyone spoke and then people kept saying

the same thing over and over like cold

isn't it yes and everyone wore grey and

brown and just sat in a row yes all

those details of the production hmm and

I have to analyze how I functioned in

the group what I found out about myself

I know I was so frustrated at times when

we couldn't agree yes so did one person

emerge as the leader Sofia did but that

was okay she helped us work out exactly

what to do for the production and that

made me feel better I suppose when you

understood what needed doing yes and

Sofia did some research too that was

useful in developing our approach

like what well she found these articles

from the 1950s about how relationships

between children and their parents or

between the public and people like bank

managers or the police were shifting

interesting and did you have any

practical problems to overcome well in

the final rehearsal everything was going

fine until the last scene that's where

the doctor's first patient appears on

stage on his own the one in the

wheelchair yes and he had this really

long speech with the stage all dark

except for one spotlight and then that

stuck somehow

so it was shining on the wrong side at

the stage but anyway we got that fixed

thank goodness yes it was fine on the

night before you hear the rest of the

discussion you have some time to look at

but while you're here Mia I wanted to

ask you about the year abroad option

would you recommend doing that yes

definitely it's a fantastic chance to

study in another country for a year I

think I'd like to do it but it looks

very competitive there's only a limited

number of places yes so next year when

you're in the second year of the course

you need to work really hard in all your

theater studies modules only students

with good marks get places you have to

prove that you know your subject really

well right so how did you choose where

to go well I decided I wanted a program

that would fit in with what I wanted to

do after I graduate so I looked for a

university with emphasis on acting

rather than directing for example it

depends on you then about six months

before you go you have to email the

scheme coordinator with your top three

choices and I had a friend who missed

the deadline and didn't get her first

choice so you do need to get a move on

at that stage you'll find a certain

place is a very popular with everyone

and don't you have to write a personal

statement at that stage

yes right I'll get some of the final

year students to give me some tips maybe

see if I can read what they wrote I

think that's a very good idea I don't

mind showing you what I did and while

you're abroad don't make the mistake I

made I got so involved I forgot all

about making arrangements for when I

came back here for the final year make

sure you stay in touch so they know your

choices for the optional modules you

don't want to miss out doing your

preferred specialisms

right that is the end of section 3 you

now have half a minute to check your answers

now turn to section four section four

you will hear part of a lecture about

leadership introducing a theory called

self regulatory focus Theory first you

have some time to look at questions 31

now listen carefully and answer

questions 31 to 40 today I want to talk

about self regulatory focus theory and

how the actions of leaders can affect

the way followers approach different

situations self regulatory focus theory

is a theory developed by Tory Higgins he

says that a person's focus at any given

time is to either approach pleasure or

avoid pain these are two basic

motivations that each and every one of

us has and they cause us to have

different kinds of goals promotion goals

in different life situations emphasize

achievement prevention goals are

oriented towards the avoidance of

punishment in a specific situation our

thoughts might focus more on promotion

goals or more on prevention goals the

theory suggests that two factors affect

which goals we are focusing on first

there is a chronic factor this factor is

connected to a person's personality and

says that each person has a basic

tendency to either focus more on

promotion goals or focus more on

prevention goals as part of his or her

personality second there is a

situational factor which means that the

context we are in can make us more

likely to focus on one set of goals or

the other

for example we are more likely to be

thinking about pleasure and to have

promotion goals when we are spending

time with a friend in contrast if we are

working on an important project for our

boss we are more likely to try to avoid

making mistakes and therefore

have more prevention goals in our mind

research has shown that the goals we are

focusing on at a given time affect the

way we think for example when focusing

on promotion goals people consider their

ideal self their aspirations and gains

they don't think about what they can

lose so they think in a happier mode

they feel more inspired to change when

people are focusing on prevention goals

they think about their ought self what

are they supposed to be what are people

expecting from them they consider their

obligations to others as a result they

experience more anxiety and try to avoid

situations where they could lose and now

that I have talked about the two focuses

and how they affect people I want to

look at the idea that the way leaders

behave or their style of leading can

affect the focus that followers adopt in

a specific situation in talking about

leadership we often mention

transformational leaders and

transactional leaders transformational

leaders when interacting with their

followers focus on their development in

their words and actions transformational

leaders highlight change their speech is

passionate and conveys a definitive

vision all of these things can encourage

followers to think about what could be

in other words they inspire a promotion

focus in their followers in contrast

transactional leaders focus on

developing clear structures but tell

their followers

exactly what is expected of them while

they do explain the rewards people will

get for following orders they emphasize

more how a follower will be punished or

that a follower won't get rewarded if

his or her behavior doesn't change in

short they emphasize the consequences of

making a mistake this emphasis will

clearly lead followers to focus on

avoiding punishment and problems this is

clearly a prevention focus in conclusion

it is important to understand that one

focus is not necessarily better than the

other one

for a designer who works in a field

where a lot of innovation is needed a

promotion focus is probably better

in contrast a prevention focus which

causes people to work more cautiously

and produce higher-quality work might be

very appropriate for a job like a

surgeon for example the main point of

the research though is that the actions

of leaders can greatly influence whether

people approach a situation with more of

a promotion focus or more of a

that is the end of section 4 you now

that is the end of the listening test in

the IELTS test you would now have ten

minutes to transfer your answers to the

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