This content provides an introduction to embedded systems development, focusing on hardware-software integration using Arduino platforms and introducing PCB design using KiCad. It covers fundamental concepts, advanced Arduino boards, and practical application development.
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Hello students. Uh the previous session
we were completed how to
control Bluetooth car using Ordino ID
software. Okay. So today
the afternoon session will be like uh
you're going to see what is Mario
controller and what is lab.
So Mario controller is nothing but uh
standard one national in instruments
were produced this NA Mario controller
and which has Wi-Fi module inside and it
has four LEDs
power pin
it's a front view of micro controller
and the bottom view will be like
USB port to
communicate with the system and power is
So we will
start with
the software first. Okay. So the
software which has two windows. One is
for front panel. Example if you are using
using
uh like display and everything will be
there when you touch and you can give
inputs and we can see the outputs like
in browser you would have type like what
is myio controller then it it will give
the output and you can see it in the
uh display. Okay. So in uh like
comparing to the mobile phone the front
panel will be the front panel of mobile
phone. Okay. So we will use this to give
Then block diagram is a background of
wiring. Okay. So in background you would
have uh do the all the chips and
operations and everything will be
controlled in block diagram. Okay. So we
will uh go with small coding. First one
is numeric numeric control. So basically
controls are inputs indicators are
output. Okay. So control is numeric
control we have taken two numeric
controls. Okay. So when I take inputs
here the output of uh the reflection of
inputs is shown in block diagram. Okay.
You can see this and I'm going to
perform addition operation. It's a
simple operation.
So after that you wanted to see the
output in indicator.
So I have taken indicator.
So these two inputs and numeric 3 is
your output. So by seeing the color
itself it uh says like it's a
numeric uh numbers. Okay. So
uh this
uh when you go with this lab view it is not
not
writing place operation. Okay. Directly
you can place the blocks and you can do
the connections and wiring. Okay. So I'm
going to take addition operation. You
First input is numeric. Second input is
numeric 2. Then then that will be
I'm going to give the value 12
and 10. So this is the run button which
so the output is 22. Okay. So for the
first session I'm taking uh only the
introduction of lab view. So what are
the blocks over there? How we can
utilize and what is the function we can
see. Okay. Then next one is boolean.
There is a bush button over here
and you can directly connect to the
so when you click the push button the
LED will glow. When you release that the
Next one is string
I'm giving direct connection.
So whatever you type here that will be displayed.
So
now you got some idea about the library
functions which are there here in the
library. Okay. So here very important
library is
myio. Okay. So I have connected the
hardware with the library software.
After connecting hardware only you can
see this panel.
So here what are the blocks are there?
Analog input digital analog output
digital input digital output. For analog
sensor you can take this block and
process the input
and button LED and built-in
accelerometer is there. The sensor which
is present and connected to the myio
inbuilt sensor. Next
PWM block, encoder block, then SPI, I2C, UR
UR
communication protocols
So I will move on to next one.
So I have taken PWM
block. When I take PWM block
automatically one window will come throw
up. In that we can set frequency and we
can set duty cycle. So previously I told
you what is duty cycle that is on time
divided by total time. Okay. So I'm
So here to control the speed of the
motor I need to take no value.
So you have to change the higher limit from
this is for speed control. So
So
the next
direction control for direction it is
zero and one. So I'm taking digital output.
To control the speed I'm using knob and
So, Lav software is a software which is
which can be used to interface with
Mario controller. Mario controller is uh
produced by national instruments.
It is a standard one. It can be used in
uh major projects like BM BMS and uh RPM
control and everything. Okay. So here
I'm going to uh show you what are the
libraries are there to use in the lab
numeric
control and numeric
indicator. Okay. So numeric controls are
So here I'm going to perform addition
operation. So I have taken two inputs
and one output. In your in block diagram
background you can do any wiring and
everything will come under block
diagram. Okay. So seeing inputs and
outputs everything will come under front panel.
So I have connected
two inputs with one output. So I'm
giving the value 55
So 99
is the correct one. Okay. So next this
is for numeric and next one is for
boolean. Boolean is what? It's a
zeros and ones inputs and zeros and one
output. Digital input and digital
output. Okay. So I have taken one push
button. I have taken one LED. I'm
switches with the LED. Okay.
when I switch on the button, the LED
will glow.
Okay. The next one is string.
Third one is string. String is used to
While you're doing coding you need you
uh need to use characters like you
wanted to display hello world you have
So next it's very important a library is
myio. When you connect hardware with the
lab view it will be shown. Okay. Without
connecting hardware you cannot find this
library. Okay. So it has analog input,
analog output, digital input, digital
output, button, LED, accelerometer.
Accelerometer is a sensor which is
present inside the Mario controller.
Okay. So you don't want to connect
external accelerometer for that. It is
inbuilt sensor. Then PWM encoder then
communication protocol. So first we are
So in this we have two inputs for PWM
frequency and
duty cycle. So what is duty cycle means?
So frequency I am keeping as constant
one. So I'm going to vary only duty
cycle. So
I'm going to connect one port potentiometer
potentiometer
motor.
So the maximum value of knob is one because
inside the PWM block there is a code
Using that we can control the PWM. So
when it is in 0 0 it is zero. When it is
in 0.5 it is 50%age. When it is in one
it is 100%age speed the motor
signal. Okay. Then after that I'm going
to control direction using lab view. So
That is in pin number 11 will be the
So to control the direction you need to
So when I run the program
it will uploaded to the controller.
So when I increase the knob value the
speed of the motor will increase. When I
click on boolean
it will change the direction of the motor.
So I have taken only the basics of lab
view. I will move on to this lab view
So what are the project we can do using
this Ardino and Rio is like EV battery
monitoring system like BMS. Okay, you
can display the values in a dashboard
like how much how much wtage the battery
carries and what is the current flow and
power energy and everything can be
monitored using this lab view as well as
ordino. Okay, this friend panel can be used
used
to display the values. Okay. So if it is
an if it is a BMS value the voltage will
be displayed in this graph and current
and SOC and
power energy. Okay. So
you can use this software to do this
battery monitoring system. Then smart
digital EV dashboard also. Then
regenerative braking system simulation
you can use some part of ordino for
So EV system involves battery
management, motor control, speed
monitoring, temperature monitoring.
Okay. So EV subsystem has battery pack
dashboard charging station. So it's
reads voltage using voltage divider and
displayed in the LCD. The Ardino will do
So now I am moving on to Ardino R4 Wi-Fi
board. Okay. So what is Ardino R4 Wi-Fi
board? It is a
Arduino which has ESP 32 32 module
is inbuilt with that. So it is a
combination of Ardino R4, Ardino R3 plus
So, anyone heard about this Ordino R4
So the difference between Ardino normal
Ardino Uno and Ardino R4 Wi-Fi board are
like uh it has Wi-Fi communication.
It can be used in IoT projects. Okay. So
12 it has 12 12 bit ADC
and DAC also is there. So previously
Ordino you know which does not have the
uh 12 bit ADC. It has only 10 bit analog
Okay. Then here the extra was
was
LED matrix. You can see in the diagram
LED matrix. It is used for displaying
and used to display the numbers. Okay.
here USB type-C pin we are using. Okay.
So here you can see this.
Previously we were used USB cable but
here USB cable the phone uh phone
charger C type you can use that same
So this is an upgraded version the next
next generation upgraded version of
I will give some task. Can you perform
it? What is 12^ 12 12 bit ADC converter?
I told you that. Can you calculate and
Sorry 2^ 12 is a 12 bit ADC.
Yeah it's correct answer 40 96. So
basically I told you that it will start
from zero. So the value will be 0 to 409
5. Okay.
So what is this value? The value which
is used to convert 0 to 5 volts to 0 to
4095. Okay. The value the previously we
use the coding like mapping function in
that we use 0 to 1024 to 0 to 255. But
here 12 bit ADC for this R4 Wi-Fi board.
So we can convert the value from 0 to
4096. So what is the advantage of using
this 12 bit ADC is more pre precise
measurement. Okay. So it's have more
value. So we can get precise measurement.
So the architecture is same with same
like uh Uno board. The difference are
built-in LED matrix. The next one is
ESP32 module. So it is present here.
It is ESP32 module for Wi-Fi connection.
And type C interface
here it is. and reset button same like
analog pins here digital pins and tilt
So another feature comparing to the
Arduino you know Ardino R4 has DAC that
is digital to analog conversion. Okay.
So what is the use of this? Uh it can uh
convert digital signal to analog signal
like it can generate audio signal generation.
So what is the software we can interface
with this Arduino uh R4 Wi-Fi board? Uh
So the complete data flow will be
sensors connected to the Arduino board
and the inputs will be given to the
Ardino R4 Wi-Fi board and the processing
will happen in the system and it is
given to the cloud. So I told I already
told you that the software which is
interface you uh in um Ardino R4 board is
is
Ardino cloud
software which has dashboard. Okay you
can create dashboard. So here I told you
in lab view it is uh front panel. It
looks like that dashboard. You can take
switches, you can take uh potentiometer
and you can take graph
as well as you can see any values which is
is
getting from the ordino sensors values
also you can display using dashboard.
Okay. Then again it will be given to the
mobile app and the app will control the
actuator. Okay. So here
the complete data flow will be sensors
to Ardino, Ardino to processing and
cloud dashboard, mobile app and
actuator. Okay. So it's a w fully
wireless communication. So
here the term it is mentioned there IoT
platform. Okay. So what is IoT?
So abbreviation of internet of things I
So it's a system where physical devices
connect to the internet to collect and
share data automatically. Okay. So
sensors connected to the internet and
So where where we can use this IoT the
applications smartphones, smart home,
smart vehicle, health monitoring
So from previous session I'll ask some
of the yes or no questions. You have to
Void setup run continuously. It's true
Both switches on same hbridge sides can
be on safely. Is true or false? Both
switches on same hbridgeidge side can be
serial peripheral interface uses only
two wires
is true or false.
Inter integrator communication
uses two wires. Okay. SPI uses master
multiple slave.
Input processing output is the core
Input processing output is the core
Next. Common ground is necessary between
modules. It's true or false.
Common ground is necessary between modules.
Ordino Uno has 12 bit ADC resolution.
True or false? Ordino Uno has 12 bit ADC resolution.
So, thank you for your uh response.
false
because it's Ordino R4 Wi-Fi board has
12 bit ADC resolution. Ordino Uno board
So the next slide is Ordino UnoQ.
Ordino Uno. Have you heard the name
Raspberry Pi?
Yes. Which coding language we are using
to code the program
to the hardware? Raspberry Pi coding language
Python is correct.
So Ordino also produced Raspberry Pi
like board. Okay. So that name is called
as Ordino UnoQ. So here it has dual
brain architecture. It's a nextg hybrid
development board. Is a mini computer and
and
it has dual brain. I told you that MPU
is Qualcomm
and MCU is STDM32. Okay.
Microprocessor unit, microcontrol unit.
And the key features are it it is using
Ardino appl. Okay. So for Raspberry Pi
it is Python. So like here Ardino it is
Ardino appl. So same C++ we can use the
programming language C++ Python AI
models and also preloaded AI is present.
Okay. So when I use uh tinker care you
would have seen so much pre
uh defined or pre uh connected project
was there. So likewise here in ordino
appla there is preloaded AI projects
also there. The project's names are
and anomaly deduction. Then it's a
readyto use app. it uh has bricks. Okay,
what is bricks means in ordino you know
q bricks means like uh building the
project up and up. Okay, so basic coding
will be there you have to build it on
the coding. Okay, so if you want to
develop another uh idea on the brick you
can do it. So example object detection
you can induce some other sensor and you
can fuse the sensor you can take the
output of it.
So up to this you have any doubt you can
We will take 5 minutes of break. After
So you got some uh idea about what is
ordino you cube. Then after that
complete data flow will be like sensors
and data logging, data set correction, a
training and deployment. Okay. So how
the flow will be happening here it is sensors
sensors
datas will be taken and sets correction
creation and a training deployment. So
for example uh I'm using I'm taking one
project like image segregation. Okay. So
I have to give one image to the
a training. So to find out what is
inside that image. Okay. So previously I
should give some set of data set. Okay.
So what are what is the what is tree
will look like? What is car will look
like? What the building will look like?
Then everything images will be given
into the
training module. Okay. So it will get
trained and it has
technique uh to find out the
segregation of uh tree, building and
car. Okay. So likewise
here already data set will be there and
I have to train that model and after
training it should perform accordingly.
So finally we will see one coding and we
So this is the program of accelerometer.
So it's in built-in sensor which is
present inside the Rio controller. I've
already connected my um my Rio
microcontroller hardware to my system.
Okay. So this is the coding part of accelerometer.
So the how the function will be first initializing
initializing part will be there and after that
part will be there and after that accelerometer connections and I'm taking
accelerometer connections and I'm taking that to the chart. Okay. So when I run
that to the chart. Okay. So when I run this program the accelerometer value
this program the accelerometer value will be displayed in the acceleration
will be displayed in the acceleration graph. Okay. So
graph. Okay. So do you know what is accelerometer?
so when I shake the uh hardware output here
here x-axis is
x-axis is is blue color, yaxis,
is blue color, yaxis, red color, Z axis is green color. Okay.
It is used as vibration sensor as well as in your mobile phone. If you
as well as in your mobile phone. If you change the uh
If you change your phone from horizontal to vertical, the video will goes from
to vertical, the video will goes from horizontal to vertical. Okay? So small
horizontal to vertical. Okay? So small screen to larger screen. So those uh
screen to larger screen. So those uh things will be happening using this
things will be happening using this acceler accelerometer.
acceler accelerometer. Okay.
So this is the last program we were
So now we are going to see the summary of this session.
So first we started with embedded system
we started with embedded system fundamentals and we learned about what
fundamentals and we learned about what is microcontroller and what are the
is microcontroller and what are the blocks are there.
and Ardino PLA platform basics. Then we studied what is analog and digital
studied what is analog and digital signal
signal and ADC PWM communication protocols,
and ADC PWM communication protocols, sensors and actuators. Then we learned
sensors and actuators. Then we learned about
about LED blink, how to perform LED blink in
LED blink, how to perform LED blink in hardware as well as in Tinkercad. In
hardware as well as in Tinkercad. In Tinkiad we performed fade program servo
Tinkiad we performed fade program servo control Hbridge pitch logic. Then
control Hbridge pitch logic. Then Bluetooth control logic also
Bluetooth control logic also becomes to know
becomes to know then advanced to Ardino R4 Wi-Fi board
then advanced to Ardino R4 Wi-Fi board dual architecture 12bit ADC.
dual architecture 12bit ADC. Finally, Ordino UnoQ hybrid architecture
Thank you for your participation into Ardino and embedded system. Keep
Ardino and embedded system. Keep innovating. Keep
innovating. Keep motivating.
Now we'll see about the key session will take
Hi guys, good afternoon. I'm Danush. In the previous classes, you have seen
In the previous classes, you have seen about uh building a circuit and uh
about uh building a circuit and uh completing.
In the previous circuit you have seen about how to build a circuit in a
about how to build a circuit in a software and how to compile it and how
software and how to compile it and how to
to feed it in a microcontroller or any
feed it in a microcontroller or any other control boards.
Now we are going to see a uh now we are going to build a PCB using a keycat
going to build a PCB using a keycat tool. I will just demonstrate
tool. I will just demonstrate I will just go give a overview of this
I will just go give a overview of this software. If I take if I made a full
software. If I take if I made a full circuit it will take a time. So I'll
circuit it will take a time. So I'll just give a overview of this key tool.
just give a overview of this key tool. This is a keycat software. Here you can
This is a keycat software. Here you can uh edit your uh schematic editor, symbol
uh edit your uh schematic editor, symbol editor, PCB editor, footprint editor,
