0:02 hello everyone welcome to my YouTube
0:04 channel so today I'm going to be talking
0:07 about something that someone wants me to
0:09 talk about which I believe that has been
0:11 some of the questions that some of you
0:13 have encountered when you go for your
0:16 interview so I hope I'm going to address
0:20 that so I've been asked if I could talk
0:24 about my experience in hematology
0:26 laboratory so before we get into that my
0:30 name is Dr Emmanuel Lodo I've been
0:31 working in the UK as especially
0:33 biomedical scientist I'm a lecturer in
0:36 biomedical science here in the United
0:39 Kingdom so now let's get into that now
0:41 you've been asked what is your
0:44 experience in hematology laboratory or
0:47 they could say tell us your experience
0:49 in hematology laboratory this is a time
0:53 to focus on the activities that goes on
0:56 in hematology laboratory I guess once we
0:58 are able to know the activities that
1:00 goes on in hematology laborat labatory
1:05 also if we know the sub benches that you
1:07 can see in hematology laboratory maybe
1:09 that will help us to be able to address
1:12 this question so I guess that we should
1:16 first of all ask ourself what is
1:19 hematology So when you say hematology
1:21 you are looking at him and you are
1:25 looking at logy so when you look at H
1:27 you are looking at blood when you look
1:30 at logy you are looking at Star
1:34 so hematology is study of the blood so
1:38 in this because we are studying blood
1:41 when you look at hematology the aspect
1:45 of blood we are really talking about or
1:46 going to
1:50 investigate has to do with subunit like
1:51 full blood count
1:54 count coagulation
1:56 coagulation ESR
1:58 ESR
2:00 hemoglobinopathies and blood fil
2:03 morphology now let us take this in
2:05 detail when you see such questions
2:07 although there has been a lot of things
2:11 that have said in coagulation or a lot
2:13 of things that have said in fo BL camp
2:16 or BL morphology this may not be the
2:19 time to start going into too much
2:22 details of those things that I've said
2:24 remember you have to be conscious of
2:27 time therefore what we are going to do
2:29 now is that I'm going to see give you
2:32 over view of what I recommend you should
2:35 focus on now some of the things that
2:38 I've said maybe in my previous videos
2:40 what you need to do when it comes to
2:44 things like that you can say for
2:47 example now when they say what is your
2:50 experience in hematology laboratory or
2:52 tell us your experience in hematology
2:54 laboratory you should first of all by
2:59 saying hematology is a study of blood
3:02 and in myology laboratory we have sub
3:06 unit or sub benches which include full
3:10 blood count coagulation ESR blood F
3:13 mology and hemoglobin variance now you
3:16 cannot say that in full blood count we
3:19 use automation to be able to analyze and
3:22 investigate the blood cells such as red
3:25 blood cells white blood cells and
3:28 platlet now you can of course mention
3:32 the parameters of food block count then
3:33 you cannot say in red bler we have red
3:36 bler indices if you've not watched my
3:39 video on food block count I guess you
3:41 watch that so you can mention those red
3:43 cell indices now you can mention the
3:46 white blood cells total and differential
3:47 then you also give example of the
3:49 differential then you can of course
3:51 mention platlet now because you have
3:54 mentioned the parameters then you can
3:56 say that with the help of the red bler
3:58 indices we can be able to investigate
4:01 some diseases such as you can mention
4:02 something like anemia then you can say
4:06 for example microtic or nortic or
4:08 microtic anemia then you can mention a
4:10 situation maybe there is a iron
4:13 deficiency anemia or vitamin B12 or
4:15 folet deficiency or maybe due to chronic
4:18 disease like liver or kidney diseases
4:20 you can measure something like tasmia
4:22 you can measure something like hemolysis
4:24 and so on so that way you have given
4:26 them overview of what red blos can show
4:29 you now you can also mention things like
4:31 that and with the white blood cells
4:33 white blood cell help you to investigate
4:35 whether there's an infection okay then
4:37 you can mention the other parameters
4:41 like neutr lymphocyte monoy oopu and
4:43 bopu then you can say that each of these
4:46 parameters indicate a lot of things
4:48 again you can see my video on full blood
4:50 cam now you can also mention things like
4:53 platlet plet help for blood clotting
4:55 okay so what it mean that when there's
4:57 abnormal plet maybe in case of maybe
5:01 thrombocytosis Al tro cytopenia that it
5:03 indicates a lot of things then you can
5:05 give example like I've mentioned on my
5:08 previous video on fog account I hope
5:10 that makes sense so now now you have
5:12 talked about the F block count you
5:14 cannot say that you can then mention
5:17 your experience with automation you can
5:20 say I have a good experience in using
5:22 automation such as maybe you can mention
5:25 any analyzer that you've used maybe six
5:28 or maybe Beckman cter or ABX pentra or
5:31 you can mention some like um cement as
5:33 the case may be any of the analyzers you
5:35 then mention it so you can say I used
5:38 this analyzer I've used this analyzer I
5:40 understand the maintenance the
5:42 troubleshooting of the analyzer I
5:43 understand the interpretation of the
5:46 result I understand the calibration
5:48 understand quality control and know what
5:50 to do when the quality control fail I
5:53 also have experience in the factors that
5:56 can affect food block result such as so
5:58 you can give a lot of example maybe
6:01 something like Go Glo like pic sample
6:02 okay you can measure something like
6:05 maybe hemolysis and so on so you can
6:07 measure something like cled samples
6:09 diluted sample you know like I have
6:11 already said on my previous videos okay
6:13 so by the by the time you give that
6:15 example now you can ask say that you
6:17 also know what to do when you suddenly
6:19 notice that your analyzer have started
6:21 giving you a wrong result so you can
6:24 give example of what and what that you
6:27 can do okay now after you've said that
6:28 you can now talk about validation of
6:30 result then you can say that you have a
6:33 good knowledge in res validation in F
6:35 block camp for example you are
6:37 experienced in using you know some
6:39 laboratory information management system
6:42 which is LMS so you can give example of
6:44 some of the LMS that you have used maybe
6:46 you can say I've used telepath I used
6:49 meditech I have used lab Center you say
6:51 I have used this system to validate the
6:54 result then you can say that you also
6:57 understand when to phone oent result in
6:59 hematology laboratory for example in a
7:01 case of newly suspected presented
7:04 leukemia or in the case of AML or C as
7:06 the case may be you can give those
7:08 examples so by the time you highlight
7:10 all of that you can also say that you
7:12 know I forgot to mention that maybe when
7:14 you talk about the factor that affect F
7:16 blood count result you could measure
7:18 something like old sample wrong sample
7:20 in tube and all of that that way you
7:23 have covered overview of you know your
7:26 experience in F blockout then from there
7:28 you can then move to maybe something
7:31 like ESI you can say that ESR is which
7:34 means a rroy sedimentation rate okay it
7:37 measured how speed the res can sediment
7:39 okay and this can give a strong
7:41 indication in a case of inflammation I
7:43 have experienced in the processing of
7:46 ESR both using manual techniques or
7:48 manual method and automated techniques
7:50 now if you have used automated
7:52 techniques it would be nice to mention
7:54 the kind of analyzer you have used for
7:58 example something like six M interliner
7:59 then from there you can move to
8:01 coagulation then you can say that
8:03 coagulation of course is the Department
8:06 of the hematology where we investigate
8:09 clothing system or clotting casket or CL
8:11 or clotting Pathways okay then you can
8:13 mention things like in clotting pathway
8:16 we have intrinsic extic and common
8:18 pathway that is what the routine
8:20 coagulation tend to investigate for
8:24 example that PTR now investigate
8:27 extrinsic pathway while um AP
8:30 investigate intrinsic pathway and
8:32 fibrinogen investigate common pathway
8:34 now you can mention something like d
8:38 dier you can say that D di on other hand
8:41 investigate fibrin degraded product that
8:43 these are the routine test in
8:45 coagulation okay then you cannot say
8:47 that depending on the result that you
8:50 get it can suggest a lot of things then
8:52 you can mention that one of the things
8:54 that affect coagulation are also
8:57 pre-analytical phas as commonly seen in
9:00 other uh test for example if the
9:02 coagulation sample fail the heel test it
9:04 can affect the result something like
9:07 hemolysis aerid and lipemic that they
9:09 can affect you know coagulation result
9:12 okay and also if the sample is clotted
9:14 or underfilled as the case may be it
9:17 will also affect coagulation result okay
9:20 now you can move ahead and say thattime
9:22 from the result it can suggest a lot of
9:24 things maybe that patient being on
9:26 anti-coagulant or maybe some other
9:28 condition like liver disease or kidney
9:30 disease as the case may be from the
9:32 result obtained from the coagulation it
9:34 can suggest where there is maybe F
9:37 deficiency or an inhibitor you know
9:39 something like that now you can give
9:41 example for example maybe in a case of
9:44 race PT you can talk about the mixing
9:46 study you know the things that we've
9:48 said there I hope this is making sense
9:51 you can say I've used some analyzer in
9:53 investigating coag samples you can give
9:55 example of the analyzer that you've used
9:59 for example I have used top 550 to
10:01 investigate you know coagulation okay
10:03 and I understand how to do the weekly
10:05 maintenance daily maintenance okay
10:07 monthly maintenance you understand the
10:09 performance of the quality control you
10:10 know the factor that can affect the
10:12 quality control maybe in a case of
10:15 contaminated sample or maybe when the
10:17 reagent are not properly constituted you
10:19 understand calibration you also
10:21 understand the factor that may affect
10:23 quality control and all of that that you
10:25 also know what to do when your quality
10:27 control sample fails and all of that so
10:30 you can say all of that okay now after
10:32 you've said that you can also mention
10:34 that you also use laboratory information
10:36 management system to validate the
10:39 coagulation result okay so that you have
10:41 you also competent in understanding the
10:44 importance of phoning orent result for
10:46 example when anr is maybe greater than
10:49 or equal to 5.0 now you understand the
10:51 importance of phoning such result now
10:53 you can also mention something like in
10:55 addition to the routine test in
10:57 coagulation test that also from the
10:59 result obtained special test may be
11:01 required for example in a case of
11:04 missing study where maybe it correct
11:07 which does suggest maybe F deficiency
11:09 that fat asset can be conducted that you
11:11 are competent in doing fat AET you can
11:14 also say that maybe when it does not
11:17 correct which may indicate an inhibitor
11:19 that you are competent in processing and
11:22 interpreting lupus anti-coagulant test
11:25 trombofilia and so on okay so you can
11:27 mention all of those things you can
11:30 mention other special coagulation test
11:33 such as van willbrand test F five fling
11:36 Adams 13 so you can mention all of this
11:37 okay now you can you might need to
11:40 mention some factors that can affect
11:43 coagulation result like DIC like TTP I
11:45 hope you understand what I'm trying to
11:47 say so you can see so far I've talked
11:49 them through on fbl account I've talked
11:51 them through on ESR now I've talked them
11:53 through on coagulation from there you
11:56 can then move to something like blood
11:58 mology now you can say from the result
12:00 obtained from the full blood count okay
12:02 that you might sometimes you know have
12:04 to request for blood Fe morphology and
12:06 from the result of the blood Fe
12:07 morphology it can give further
12:09 indication for example that you are
12:11 competent in making blood fil and
12:12 standing blood fil that you are
12:15 competent in using automation as well to
12:17 make the blow fil and also stand the
12:20 blow now you can give example of any
12:23 analyzer or automated method that you've
12:25 used in making blood or standing blood
12:29 fil like things like six SP 10 or SP 50
12:31 as the case may be once you have
12:32 mentioned that then you can ask that you
12:34 are competent in the use of microscope
12:36 so you understand how to mous slide on
12:38 the microscope and and look at the blood
12:40 film at different field okay so you
12:42 cannot mention what blood fil can
12:47 indicate maybe anemia TTP ITP lemia okay
12:50 anything along that line maybe uh post
12:53 spoy you can now mention all of those
12:55 things that you know that blood F
12:56 morphology can show then you can say
12:58 that you are competent in them you can
13:00 can say also that when you look at the
13:03 blood fil that the result you obtain in
13:05 some cases would then means that you
13:07 would then have to allert hematology
13:10 consultant where necessary for example
13:13 in a case of suspected ITP that it is an
13:15 orent result you then have to let the
13:18 hematology consultant know about it okay
13:20 now you can mention all of that then
13:22 from there you can then move to
13:24 hemoglobin variance or hemoglobinopathy
13:25 now you can say that under
13:28 hemoglobinopathy that you are competent
13:30 in the use of maybe high performance
13:33 liquid chromatography okay to which is H
13:37 PLC to perform hemoglobin variance okay
13:38 now you can give them example you can
13:41 say without hemoglobin variance okay
13:43 that um it can show you U maybe
13:45 different hemoglobin present in a
13:47 patient sample that this is commonly
13:49 maybe in a case of antinal screening
13:51 test for the women who are pregnant okay
13:53 that this can help to see where there's
13:55 abnormal hemoglobin now you can mention
13:57 some other hemoglobin that can be seen
14:00 you can say for example hemoglobin a
14:02 hemoglobin F hemoglobin s you can talk
14:04 about maybe like something like C cell
14:06 you can say that hemoglobin variance
14:08 will help you to understand where
14:11 possible the kind of hemoglobin that the
14:13 patient have this can help to know how
14:15 to be able to monitor the patient and
14:18 manage the patient condition as the case
14:20 may be now from there you can talk about
14:22 something like SLE sense solubility test
14:24 so you can say you are competent in SLE
14:27 screening test where also it involve SLE
14:29 solubility test if you've not watched my
14:32 video on sle celebrity test I recommend
14:34 you should go and watch it now SLE
14:36 celebrity test and from the result that
14:39 you obtain you can then confirm it if it
14:41 is positive you know which has to do
14:43 with the toity okay now if it is toid
14:46 which indicate that there is a SLE cell
14:48 okay in the sample what you're are going
14:51 to do then is then do high performance
14:53 liquid chromatography which is head PC
14:55 to be able to confirm whether or not
14:58 that patient has CLE cell I hope that
15:00 makes now you can see that from that
15:03 overview I have taken them through each
15:06 of the subunit or sub benches of
15:08 hematology laboratory like I mentioned
15:10 in one of my videos on um your
15:12 experience in blood bank once you hear
15:14 such questions you should be focusing on
15:17 the activities that goes on in that
15:19 department what are the benches what are
15:21 the likely things that goes on there
15:23 once you are able to know the things
15:25 that goes on there you then need to talk
15:27 about them individually and when you
15:29 talk about them individually also
15:31 remember to talk about the factors that
15:33 can affect those results I hope that
15:35 makes sense let me also add something
15:37 there so you know like when you talk
15:38 about automation that you've used the
15:40 analyzer that you've used something like
15:42 maybe full block count analyzer
15:44 coagulation analyzer and of course head
15:46 PC they are all automation now you you
15:48 may need to also mention something like
15:50 the principle of food block analyzer
15:53 which include uh aperture impedence and
15:56 flow stomry now if you've not watched my
15:59 video on um f block analy principle you
16:01 can watch that for more detail now you
16:03 can mention something like a principle
16:05 of coagulation you can also say that you
16:07 have understanding on the principle of
16:09 coagulation analyzer which has to do
16:12 with DET of metallic magnetic ball
16:15 following the um pipeting of samples and
16:17 the reagent and incubating and all of
16:20 that when the fibrino has been converted
16:22 to fibrin or in other once there's a clo
16:25 there will be increase in the toid and
16:27 because of the increase in the toid
16:29 preventing the transparent of the light
16:31 to be able to see the ball and once the
16:34 light is no longer able to see the ball
16:36 analyzer know that yes clo have been
16:38 formed so that is how it can be able to
16:41 detect when cloth has formed so it has
16:43 to do with the detection of that
16:45 metallic ball okay so once the analyzer
16:48 is no longer able to detect the metallic
16:50 ball what it means then is that there's
16:52 a cloth there's a cloth formation and
16:54 that cloth of course has led to high
16:57 turbidity which is now why analyzer is
17:00 unable to detect that metallic ball I
17:02 hope that makes sense now why that of
17:05 the hplc what it does that it has to do
17:07 the differential migration through a
17:09 column so what happen that there's a
17:12 colum so each of these very hemoglobin
17:14 okay they will migrate as this
17:17 hemoglobin migrate differentially into
17:20 colums okay now if present that would
17:22 not generate a peak okay so that is a
17:25 principle of hplc so and that is why
17:28 with hplc what you're looking at is the peak
17:29 peak
17:31 okay once there's a peak it then suggest
17:34 that is that hemoglobin and what it that
17:36 each of the hemoglobin have different
17:39 Peaks okay so for an example hemoglobin
17:42 F has a has a different Peak compar with
17:45 hemoglobin s compar with hemoglobin a
17:47 and so on so that is how it's able to
17:50 differentiate different hemoglobin and
17:52 of course you can mention that with HPS
17:54 you cannot detect it like Alpha
17:58 talasemia Beta talasemia CLE cell any of
18:00 those hemoglobin variance now I'm going
18:03 to see if I can summarize this they've
18:07 asked you tell us your experience in
18:09 hematology laboratory what you need to
18:13 then say is that hematology laboratory
18:15 is a aspect of the patology laboratory
18:17 that investigate blood or study blood
18:19 that in hematology laboratory it there
18:23 are sub department or sub benches which
18:26 include F Block C bench ESR bench inoc
18:29 coagulation bench hemoglobin barers okay
18:31 and blood morphology now you can say in
18:33 full blood count you know we measure a
18:35 lot of parameters which can give us
18:38 overview of maybe uh blood cells whether
18:40 they are healthy or not for example we
18:42 measure something like red blood cells
18:44 which also include Red Cell indices such
18:46 as you can give example now you can also
18:48 mention something like we investigate
18:50 total y count and differential count
18:53 such as you can also mention then you
18:54 can also mention something like um
18:56 trombosit okay which is which are plet
18:58 you can say that from this parameter
19:00 there's a lot of condition that you can
19:01 be able to investigate for example in
19:03 Red Cell indices you can know whether
19:06 there is a noritic anemia microtic
19:09 anemia microtic anemia okay now you can
19:11 give other examples if you want now from
19:13 there you can say with the Y cell C it
19:14 can show you whether there's an
19:17 infection or maybe leukemia as the case
19:20 may be in trosy or plet it can indicate
19:21 maybe where there's bleeding or where
19:23 there's a cloting you know disorder as
19:25 the case may be so you can mention all
19:27 of that now you can now say that you
19:29 also understand that there are
19:31 pre-analytical pH that can affect you
19:33 know F block results such as maybe run
19:36 sample in tube or old sample or he
19:38 sample or clothed sample or diluted
19:40 sample you can mention any of those
19:42 things that I've already highlighted on
19:44 my previous videos okay now you can now
19:45 further say that you understand the use
19:47 of automation to analyze full block and
19:49 result that you have used you can
19:51 mention theer that you've used okay now
19:53 you can say you can talk about the
19:54 maintenance that you have a good
19:56 experience in the maintenance or
19:58 calibration understand what to do when
20:00 the quality control sample fail and all
20:02 of that okay now you can talk about the
20:04 laboratory information management system
20:05 that you have used in validating this
20:07 result okay now you can talk about when
20:10 to phone orent result as the case may be
20:12 the same thing is what you're going to
20:14 do in coagulation in coagulation you can
20:18 say that routine test is BT a FAO and D
20:21 di now you can mention the pathway that
20:23 each of these me now you cannot say you
20:25 know depending on the results maybe you
20:27 can might be Factor deficiency or
20:29 inhibitor or problem from the cloting
20:31 part casket or Pathways as the case may
20:34 be okay you can give example if you want
20:35 you can say some of the result gotten
20:37 can suggest that the patient is on
20:40 artical gland okay you can me further
20:41 test that can be done like special test
20:43 like I've already highlighted so you can
20:45 give all those overview and of course
20:46 like I've said as well you might need to
20:48 mention the principle of the analyzer
20:50 the same with that of the F blockout as
20:52 well now from there you can now move to
20:54 the ESR and talk about the ESR you know
20:57 um measuring um inflammation okay
20:59 looking at the rate at which the rest
21:01 can sediment now you can mention the
21:02 analyzer that you've used or maybe when
21:04 you've done it manually you can talk all
21:06 of that now from there you can not talk
21:08 about depending on the result you get on
21:09 the full block count you might look at
21:12 the blood mology with the blood mology
21:13 we have to first of all make the fil you
21:15 can talk about your experience in making
21:17 blood fils whether automation or
21:19 manually then from there you can now
21:21 move straight to maybe what you can see
21:24 in blood F what it may suggest maybe
21:27 anemia ion deficiency or fet deficien
21:30 just talk about any of those things okay
21:31 once you have mentioned that then of
21:33 course you cannot go to the hemoglobin
21:35 variance where you can mention something
21:38 like maybe head PLC or S cell screening
21:40 such as s cability testing and
21:42 confirming with hplc once you have put
21:44 all of that together what you have done
21:47 you have given the activities that goes
21:50 on in hematology laboratory and you now
21:52 explain what each of these activities
21:55 may suggest once you have done that you
21:58 have successfully expressed your
22:00 experience in hematology laboratory and
22:02 that is my take on that okay so what I'm
22:04 going to say that I know that I've said
22:05 a lot of things so when you go for your
22:07 interview it doesn't have to take this
22:09 long know that you just have to find a
22:12 way to summarize it okay as many point
22:15 as you can remember try to put it in
22:16 because the more you do that the more
22:18 you now stand more chance of saying some
22:20 things that maybe another person may not
22:22 be able to say I hope this makes sense
22:24 so yeah you H put a comment on the
22:26 comment section tell me what you think
22:29 about the video okay like share and
22:30 subscribe if you want to appreciate the
22:33 video you can select on super time and
22:35 also you can decide to join any of the
22:37 group of this uh YouTube channel yeah I
22:39 hope I've been able to answer the
22:41 question on your experience in
22:43 hematology laboratory thank you very
22:44 much and I wish you all the best thank
22:46 you very much till I come back your way
