0:03 welcome to lesson six on land mines and
0:06 the Ottawa process which is another name
0:09 for the international campaign to ban
0:12 landmines so the Canadian government has
0:14 been very well known around the world
0:17 for taking the initiative on the land
0:20 mine or the Ottawa process so I'm going
0:22 to take just a few moments to explain
0:25 the success story before you hear from
0:27 the Diplomat who was very well involved
0:30 with it Earl turcotte who will be
0:37 landmines name approximately 500 people
0:40 every week and thousands more as Earl
0:44 turcotte talks about are maimed they in
0:46 fact he talks about how more people are
0:49 maimed and that those people then stay
0:53 in society and are reminder to their
0:56 losers about the costs of war the other
0:59 thing he talks about is how civilians
1:01 are more likely to be killed than
1:03 professional soldiers and how this is
1:06 against international law and against
1:08 the Geneva conventions
1:11 landmines also cost very little to buy
1:14 but are very expensive to remove here
1:16 you can see Engineers going through the sand
1:17 sand
1:20 and it's extremely tedious to try to get
1:23 rid of them and also highly dangerous
1:26 for every mine that's cleared at least
1:29 20 more are laid right now they're being
1:31 laid in Ukraine as Earl turcotte talks
1:34 about and people are not keeping track
1:36 of where they're laid so that destroys
1:40 the territory in the land for decades to come
1:42 come
1:45 approximately 110 million anti-personnel
1:48 so not anti-tank he makes a distinction
1:50 between anti-tank landmines and
1:53 anti-personnel they are in place in 60
2:00 the only mine known clearance techniques
2:02 are Illustrated here where they're using
2:06 metal detectors and hand brooms it's
2:09 very expensive and dangerous and we need
2:11 more higher technology so I'm hoping
2:13 people in the class that are in
2:17 engineering get interested in this
2:19 here you can see that there are more
2:21 than 300 types of landmines and they can
2:24 be confused for being little airplanes
2:28 or plastic toys and then young children
2:30 go into the fields to retrieve them and
2:37 uh here's
2:39 why who's obviously been made by
2:41 landmine and here's someone trying to
2:43 clear land mines so you can see it's
2:46 extremely difficult and landmines don't
2:48 distinguish between civilians and
2:50 between soldiers so they are against
2:53 international law
2:56 here you can see some people who are
3:00 inside the line of and and obviously the
3:02 lines can't be put up everywhere in
3:04 Cambodia in the tropical jungles or in
3:06 Ukraine it's unclear where they are
3:10 after the war after the ceasefire
3:12 can you think of less expensive ways
3:14 some of my students have suggested in
3:16 the past rolling these kind of robots
3:18 down but what if there's jungle what
3:22 about training mice or rats to clear the
3:25 land these are some ideas I hope that
3:27 the lecture by Earl turcotte motivates
3:30 you to and this is partly why he did it
3:31 because he was really excited about
3:34 talking to students that are in
3:36 Practical areas like nursing and
3:39 engineering and Aviation may be flying
3:42 planes so if you have any ideas just
3:44 think of them and maybe patent them
