0:02 foraging for mushrooms is an extreme
0:04 sport it may not be physically tough
0:05 strolling through the forest looking for
0:07 fungi but it can be as dangerous as
0:10 jumping off a mountain in a Wings suit
0:12 make one small air of judgment and you
0:14 could be dead which mushroom will become
0:16 a delicious meal and which will end your
0:18 life let's dive into the world's deadliest
0:29 mushrooms hey I'm toss of the Amazon and
0:31 you're watching logic today we're
0:32 plucking through the list of the most
0:34 lethal mushrooms on the planet there are
0:37 currently about 14,000 known species of
0:40 mushrooms of those around 10% are
0:41 considered edible and most of the rest
0:44 are inedible the term inedible means
0:46 they can be anything from straight up
0:48 gross tasting to just giving you a mild
0:51 tummy ache the remaining 1 to 2% of
0:53 mushrooms are considered toxic that
0:54 means that they contain toxins that do a
0:57 number on the human body causing serious
1:00 damage at best and death at worst
1:01 hundreds of people a year around the
1:05 globe die from eating toxic mushrooms so
1:06 which ones are going to send you to an
1:08 early grave let's go in with a bang and
1:10 start with the most lethal of them all
1:12 this notorious mushy is responsible for
1:14 the vast majority of toxic mushroom
1:17 deaths a year amonita fides otherwise
1:19 known as death cap mushroom is the
1:21 deadliest mushroom in the whole wide
1:23 world it takes less than a half a cap of
1:25 this unassuming mushroom to spell the
1:27 end for a strapping adult the
1:29 life-ending powers of death caps have
1:31 been known to us for thousands of years
1:33 Roman Emperor Claudius by all accounts
1:35 was killed with a dose of death cap in
1:38 54 ad by his fourth wife agripina to
1:40 make way for her son Nero to ascend to
1:43 power identifying death caps can be
1:44 tough because they go through so many
1:46 changes during their short lifespans in
1:48 the autumn in their young button phase
1:49 they can be mistaken for edible
1:51 varieties they've been confused for
1:54 harmless Patty straw mushrooms and even
1:56 juvenile puff balls death caps ooze with
1:58 three different types of lethal toxins
2:00 the most deadly of the small called
2:03 amoxin causes liver failure which can
2:05 lead to death without Swift action
2:07 amoxin isn't just contained in death
2:08 caps but a number of other deadly
2:11 shrooms and is responsible for 95% of
2:14 mushroom related deaths every year
2:16 unfortunately for us humans amoxin is
2:18 heat stable so cooking these toxic fungi
2:20 won't make them any less deadly amoxin
2:22 poisoning isn't a quick death either
2:26 think slow and agonizing 6 to 12 hours
2:28 after ingestion you'll get nausea and
2:31 diarrhea you may then start feeling
2:32 better thinking that the worst is behind
2:35 you but this short reprieve is just the
2:37 amatoxin being absorbed by the lining of
2:39 your intestines and making its way to
2:42 annihilate your liver from 1 to 7 days
2:44 after ingestion these toxins scramble
2:45 the functions of liver cells on a
2:48 molecular level in addition to liver
2:50 failure you may also experience kidney
2:53 failure brain dysfunction and even death
2:55 quick treatment with activated charcoal
2:57 and IV fluids before the toxins make it
3:00 to your liver is a must a compound
3:02 called salonin which plugs up the liver
3:04 receptors that the amoxin will
3:06 eventually attack can be effective if
3:08 taken before the toxin makes it to the
3:10 liver ultimately a liver transplant may
3:12 be the only option to pull you back from
3:15 the brink of death recently an Imaging
3:18 die called indocyanine Green was found
3:20 to block the effects of amoxin so
3:22 there's at least some hope that one day
3:23 the vast majority of these mushroom
3:26 deaths will be avoidable in its ammonita
3:28 genus the death cap isn't the only
3:30 killer that packs amoxin there are a few
3:32 species in this family known as
3:34 destroying Angels due to their ethereal
3:37 white appearance and ability to kill
3:38 much like the death cap these types of
3:40 mushrooms can be easily mistaken for
3:43 edible varieties like Meadow or button
3:44 mushrooms which is really what makes
3:47 these destroying Angels so destructive
3:49 there's European native species amonita
3:52 verosa and amonita Verna amonita okata
3:54 found in Western North America and
3:57 amonita bis borera native to eastern
3:59 North America which is North America's
4:02 most lethal shroom despite what the name
4:04 suggests amonita isn't the only fungus
4:07 genus that hosts amatoxin killers there
4:09 are other Genera that are chalk full of
4:12 amatoxins too like this next amatoxin
4:14 packed mushy that stole my super villain
4:17 name the deadly dapperling also known as
4:20 lepiota Bruno and carnada can be found
4:22 in Europe and parts of Asia like other
4:25 amoxin Killers deadly dapperling is
4:27 highly dangerous for the human liver its
4:29 inconspicuous appearance leads it to
4:31 some sometimes be accidentally mistaken
4:33 for edible mushrooms like Grey Knight
4:36 and fairy ring champo gallerina
4:38 autumnalis is a tiny brown fungus that
4:41 grows on rotting wood and also packs an
4:43 amoxin punch when it's ingested it's
4:46 usually confused with the edible Aralia
4:50 gal AKA honey mushroom or flammulina
4:52 bapes otherwise known as velvet stem
4:55 mushroom this one also looks a lot like
4:58 psilocybe species AKA magic mushrooms so
4:59 that's another reason why this one
5:01 inadvertently Goes Down the Hatch
5:04 another magic mushroom dupe kosai feris
5:06 is another Demir looking lawn mushroom
5:08 native to the Pacific Northwest it has a
5:10 similar Mo as the other amatoxin
5:13 containing fungi a slow and painful
5:16 March to the Grave you would think toxic
5:18 amonita muscaria otherwise known as
5:20 flyagaric fly amonita or the super
5:23 recognizable toad stool would contain
5:26 liver destroying amoxin too but nope
5:27 this is one mushroom species that
5:29 contains different toxins that are
5:32 equally hellbent on human destruction
5:35 toad stools are overflowing with aoxo
5:36 toxins which attack the central nervous
5:38 system and can send those who eat it
5:41 into a coma while highly deadly toad
5:44 stools actually rarely kill this is
5:45 probably because they're red and white
5:47 spotted caps serve as an adequate
5:50 warning to stay the heck away no one is
5:52 going to mistake a warning light red
5:54 toad stool for a harmless mushy in
5:57 addition to being toxic to stools are
5:59 also psychoactive so while you're on
6:01 your way to to seizures coma and maybe
6:03 death you may also experience
6:06 hallucinations and delirium in the
6:08 cortinarius genus there are two species
6:10 native to Northern Europe deadly web
6:12 caps and Fool's web caps that will do
6:14 you in they look suspiciously similar to
6:17 other edible mushrooms specifically the
6:19 coveted winter Chantell so poisoning
6:21 happens more than you'd hope the toxin
6:24 in these web caps is called oralin which
6:26 can take upwards of 3 weeks to show
6:28 symptoms by the time you have a proper
6:30 diagnosis it's already too late and the
6:33 damage to the kidneys is already done
6:34 you'll likely need a kidney transplant
6:37 to survive if left untreated death will
6:41 surely come a Knockin pooma cornu is a
6:44 rare Asian fungus of the hypocrea family
6:47 that contains tresine mot toxin its
6:49 unusual appearance leads it to sometimes
6:51 being misidentified as antler Ganoderma
6:54 lucidum or even young Corps the lethal
6:56 toxin contained within this freaky
6:58 looking shroom can cause multiple organ
7:01 failure symptoms of poisoning from this
7:04 fungus are as spooky as it looks aside
7:06 from the usual stomach pain it also
7:08 causes peeling skin hair loss liver
7:11 necrosis acute kidney failure and
7:13 ultimately death if left untreated
7:15 untreated
7:17 nightmarish false morals like the
7:20 species gyromitra esculenta look a lot
7:21 like the wonderfully delicious true
7:24 morals but this fake species contains
7:26 the toxin gyromitrin which when
7:28 metabolized by the body becomes
7:31 monomethyl hydren AKA a toxic ingredient
7:34 used in Rocket Fuel while it will make
7:36 you sick as a dog death from eating the
7:39 species is extremely rare as a side note
7:40 you need to be careful when eating true
7:43 morals too since they can also make you
7:45 sick to your stomach make sure they're
7:47 thoroughly cooked before eating them and
7:49 don't eat too many all at once the fact
7:51 that mushroom poisonings occur at all
7:53 only speaks to our obsession with these
7:56 delicious and sometimes psychoactive
7:58 little fungi if you're not a fan you'll
8:00 probably insist that 100% of mushrooms
8:03 are inedible if that's you you may never
8:05 know the pleasure of a fungi pizza but
8:07 you'll also never have to worry about an
8:09 accidental mushroom dep so what should
8:10 we talk about next let me know in the
8:12 comments below and be sure to subscribe
8:16 for new videos every week bye if you
8:17 like this episode check out our episode
8:20 on Corps the fungi that can kill through
8:23 zombification I'm Tasha the Amazon and
8:25 you're watching floral logic today we're
8:28 talking about ceps a not so fun guy at
8:30 least not if you ask him it's helpless
8:31 mind controlled
8:35 victims Corps are A genus of over 500
8:37 parasitic fungi and can be found around
8:39 the world but are most predominant in
8:43 warm high humidity climates in Asia
8:45 their spores enter their victims insects
8:47 and arthropods and set up shop
8:50 immediately if bugs could scream it
8:54 would be too late some species of Corps
8:56 use their power of Mind Control to turn
8:58 their hosts into walking zombies
9:01 hellbent on doing their bidding nope
9:03 this isn't Science Fiction it's science
9:06 scary but lucky for us humans these type
9:08 of Mind controllers only pray on people
9:11 in Sci-Fi movies and video games some of
9:13 their closely related fungi cousins the
9:16 opio corps take it a step further for
9:18 opio Corps hosts the relationship with
9:21 their parasite couldn't be more toxic as
9:24 one species opio Corps unilateralis
9:26 slowly takes over it instructs the ant
9:29 to act natural tricking its Colony mates
9:31 into think everything's all right that's
9:39 here when it's ready to spread the corps
9:41 then compels the ant to climb up tall
9:43 vegetation and give the north side of a
9:46 twig or Leaf a final bite locking its
9:49 jaw in a death grip from here the Fring
9:51 body of the fungus also called the
9:53 stromata Sprouts from the back of the
9:55 Dead ant's head and begin sprinkling the
9:58 forest floor and the ant's Colony mates
10:01 below with even more zombifying spores
10:04 and so the freaky cycle of Mind Control
10:06 continues the shape of these Fring
10:07 bodies is where Corps gets its Latin
10:11 rooted name cord meaning club and seps
10:14 meaning head while most species of Corps
10:17 pray on insects and spiders in one study
10:19 20 of them were found to attack Hearts
10:21 truffles another type of fungi the
10:24 ancestors of these fungi parites were
10:26 parasites of cic and nymphs which live
10:27 in the same environments as Hearts
10:29 truffles it was just a matter matter of
10:31 time before they evolve to exploit this
10:34 new resource adding parasitic cannibal
10:37 to its list of descriptors definitely
10:39 gives Corps a leg up in the world's most
10:40 terrifying fungus
10:43 contest and these fungi have been
10:46 contestants for a long long time marks
10:48 on fossilized leaves suggest that their
10:50 mind control Behavior may have evolved
10:53 as much as 48 million years ago newer
10:55 research is starting to change how we
10:58 understand the zombification process and
10:59 we might need to find find a better word
11:02 for it scientists notice that ants
11:05 brains are left mostly unaffected but
11:06 tissue around the body is often replaced
11:09 by the fungus Mycelia this means that
11:11 the fungus might actually not take over
11:13 the mind but rather the body of the ant
11:15 and forces it to move against the ants
11:18 will they might not be making zombies
11:20 they're making live puppets in turn
11:22 humans have been using Corps for
11:25 medicinal purposes for ages for
11:27 thousands of years Corps have been used
11:29 in Chinese and Tibetan traditional
11:33 medicine opio Corp censis for example is
11:34 a medicinal species that Sprouts
11:37 exclusively from the head of ghost moth
11:39 caterpillars and is only found at high
11:41 altitudes in the Ching haai Tibetan
11:43 Plateau because of its Rarity it's
11:45 prized as one of the most valuable
11:46 ingredients in these medicinal
11:49 traditions instead of zombies this Corps
11:50 took a page from a different horror
11:53 novel and turns its victims into
11:56 mummies the resulting fungi host complex
11:58 is then used for a variety of ailments
12:01 like asthma and respiratory inflammation
12:02 over harvesting of this species has put
12:04 it on the endangered species list in
12:08 China opio Corps militaris which is much
12:09 easier to grow commercially is often
12:11 used as a cheaper
12:14 alternative one thing's for sure mind
12:15 control is not one of the side effects
12:18 of Corps at least not outside of Science
12:20 Fiction humans are also finding ways to
12:22 put Corps to good use outside of
12:25 medicine currently Corps are being
12:27 investigated as eco-friendly pest
12:29 killers for a variety of invasive
12:33 baddies so in a Way Corps are basically
12:36 Dexter Citrus crops for example are
12:38 attacked by Citrus Leaf miners while
12:39 these pests have traditionally been
12:41 effectively managed with the application
12:44 of synthetic insecticides the flip side
12:46 is that these same chemicals have a big
12:48 negative impact on predators and other
12:50 insects a lack of predators means it's
12:52 basically open season for other harmful
12:55 pests to come to the Citrus Feast
12:57 introducing Corps chanica which
12:59 parasitizes Leaf miners to the Citrus
13:01 Battlefield is one way researchers are
13:04 combating these pests naturally in the
13:06 fight against coconut root grub which
13:07 attacked the roots of coconut and other
13:09 crops spraying the ground with
13:11 insecticides isn't a healthy option for
13:13 anyone so scientists are investigating
13:15 species like Corps militaris that
13:17 naturally prey on these grubs to control
