0:13 part one you will hear a woman phoning
0:15 an electrical repair company about a
0:18 problem with a piece of household
0:20 equipment first you have some time to
0:56 now we shall begin you should answer the
0:58 questions as you listen because you will
1:02 not hear the recording a second time
1:05 listen carefully and answer questions 1 to
1:12 7 hello Sinclair electrical services
1:15 Kevin speaking oh good morning um I
1:17 believe you do television repairs that's
1:20 right we do well my television's not
1:22 working but I don't have a car can you
1:24 come around to see it that shouldn't be
1:27 a problem good can I just take a few
1:30 details then certainly so so if I could
1:33 start with your name yes it's Mrs
1:38 Douglas d o u g l a s it's Double S at
1:42 the end actually okay and the address
1:46 135 Park Hill Avenue in Summerton that's
1:49 right and would you like my phone number
1:56 yes please it's 765 482 428 no
1:59 82 okay right so what's the problem with
2:00 the telep
2:03 um low volume even when you turn it up
2:06 to maximum it doesn't seem to make much
2:08 difference I mean it's quite an old TV
2:10 but it's always worked perfectly well up
2:13 to now and the picture's
2:16 okay I did wonder we had a power cut a
2:18 couple of days ago and it's not been
2:21 right since then I don't know if that
2:23 could have affected it it certainly
2:24 might have something to do with it
2:27 anyway I'll come over and have a look uh
2:30 can you tell me the make and model
2:32 number by any chance the number will be
2:36 on the back of the TV um yes it's a
2:42 Schneider that's s c h n e i d e r and
2:53 sv52 right is that a fairly recent model
2:56 not really I got it 7 years ago I
2:58 remember the date because it was the
3:00 year after I moved into this house and
3:03 that was 8 years ago I hope you can fix
3:06 it I really don't want to buy another
3:09 one before you hear the rest of the talk
3:11 you have some time to look at questions
3:53 10 well I'll see what I can do when I
3:55 come around to the house to look at it I
3:58 think I know your road is it the one
3:59 that's off the High Street that that's
4:02 right the house is on the left if you're
4:04 coming from The High Street just before
4:07 the road bends to the right I'm afraid
4:08 it's getting harder and harder to park
4:10 on the road but if you drive on round
4:13 the bench you can usually find somewhere
4:15 that's all right now let's see when
4:16 would it be convenient for me to come
4:20 around well as soon as possible really
4:23 well what's today Friday I'm booked up
4:26 today and then we've got the weekend so
4:28 I'm afraid it looks like Monday
4:30 morning's the earliest you you can't
4:32 come tomorrow well Saturday morning I'm
4:34 in the showroom and I don't work
4:37 Saturday afternoon and Sunday okay I'll
4:40 make sure I'm in oh and one last thing I
4:42 wonder if you'd mind telling me how you
4:44 heard about us we've just opened a new
4:46 web page and we're interested to see how
4:49 effective it is no I actually heard
4:51 about you from the woman next door she
4:52 couldn't remember your number but I
4:55 looked it up in the phone book oh right
4:57 it's always the best advertising word of
5:00 mouth right okay thank thank Mrs Douglas
5:07 goodbye that is the end of part one you
5:09 now have half a minute to check your answers
5:44 now turns to part two part two you will
5:46 hear three students talking to their
5:50 tutor about the presentation they are
5:52 planning first you have some time to
6:28 now listen carefully and answer
6:31 questions 11 to 7
6:32 good morning
6:35 everyone so you're going to tell me
6:36 about your
6:39 presentation first of all what's your
6:42 topic did you say you were going to talk
6:46 about the uses of mobile phones uh not
6:49 exactly we're actually going to explain
6:53 the dangers of using mobile phones ah
6:55 okay that sounds
6:57 interesting what are you going to
7:00 discuss exactly well we've planned to
7:02 divide the presentation into three
7:05 sections we'll have an introduction
7:07 explaining why we think it's important
7:10 to understand the dangers of mobiles
7:13 then on the second slide we'll have a
7:16 list of the different types of danger
7:19 and then on the last slide we're going
7:21 to suggest ways of staying out of danger
7:23 when you use a
7:27 mobile yes we want to start by telling
7:29 the audience that using a mobile phone
7:32 can be dangerous and then go into more
7:34 detail in the next
7:37 part okay but before you talk about the
7:40 dangers of mobiles I think you should
7:41 mention the
7:44 advantages you could put that in your
7:46 introduction it balances up the argument
7:52 a bit oh yes I see what you mean right
7:55 we'll do that so shall we have a look at your
7:56 your
7:59 presentation did you bring it with you
8:02 I've got it here on a memory stick can
8:05 we show you on your computer yes that's
8:08 fine let's have a
8:13 look H right as you say you're going to
8:15 add the advantages of using mobile
8:18 phones to the first slide
8:21 good who's going to explain the second
8:25 slide with all the dangers that's me do
8:27 you think I've got enough
8:29 detail yes
8:32 I think there's plenty of information
8:34 but I think it's all a bit mixed up at
8:37 the moment I mean you've got dangers
8:40 like getting headaches in the same list
8:42 as having car accidents and being robbed
8:45 in the street they're all different
8:48 types of danger aren't they I think you
8:51 should divide them into groups maybe
8:54 under separate titles like Health
8:58 accidents and security oh right yes
9:00 thank you that will make it much clearer
9:05 to the audience M okay now in the third
9:08 slide you can put your suggestions for
9:11 staying away from each of these dangers
9:16 titles before you hear the rest of the
9:19 talk you have some time to look at
9:56 now listen and answer questions 18 to
9:59 20 have you got any other questions
10:03 um yes the presentation should be for 10
10:08 minutes is that right yes but 10 minutes
10:11 in total including 3 minutes for
10:14 questions so you'll only talk for 7
10:17 minutes that's only 2 minutes each we
10:20 won't be able to say much in that time
10:23 at all that's why you have to plan what
10:25 you're going to say carefully and make
10:28 sure you only include the most important
10:31 information for instance you won't have
10:34 time to give examples but you could put
10:36 some images on your slides that show
10:39 examples without spending time talking
10:43 about them hey that's a good idea and
10:45 the audience can look at them while we
10:49 talk and another thing make sure all the
10:52 slides have the same style you should
10:55 get together and agree on one style for
10:56 the whole
11:00 presentation okay we'll do that to
11:02 thanks a lot for your
11:05 help that is the end of part two you now
11:41 part
11:44 three you will hear a conversation
11:48 between two students David and CLA first
11:50 you have some time to look at questions
12:24 now listen carefully and answer
12:27 questions 21 to
12:30 24 hi David
12:31 how are you going with your history
12:34 studies very well I've actually finished
12:38 it that's great what era did you write
12:41 on I researched Roman London something I
12:43 never thought I'd be interested in that
12:46 sounds interesting I wanted to tie into
12:49 the work I've been doing on engineering
12:51 and I found it fascinating and learned
12:54 many things along the way such
12:57 as well although there were prehistoric
13:00 settlements throughout the vast area now
13:03 called London strangely enough no
13:06 evidence has yet been found for any such
13:08 community at the Northern end of London
13:12 Bridge where the present city grew up
13:15 the origins of London lie in Roman times
13:18 right right when the Romans invaded
13:22 Britain in 43 ad they moved North from
13:24 the kentish coast and traversed the
13:26 temps in the London region clashing with
13:29 the local Tradesmen just to the north
13:32 it has been suggested that the soldiers
13:34 crossed the river at Lambeth that it was
13:36 further Downstream that they built a
13:39 permanent wooden bridge just east of the
13:41 present London Bridge in more subtle
13:45 time some seven years later as a focal
13:47 point of the Roman Road system it was
13:49 the bridge which attracted settlers and
13:53 led to London's inevitable growth so
13:54 London Bridge has been there for
13:57 hundreds of years yes and though the
14:00 regularity of London original Street
14:02 grid May indicate that the initial
14:05 inhabitants were the military trade and
14:06 commerce soon
14:09 followed the London temps was deep and
14:12 still within the tidal Zone an ideal
14:14 place for the birthing of ships what
14:17 other industry did they
14:20 have well as the area was also well
14:22 drained and low-lying it was
14:25 geologically suitable for Brick making
14:27 there was soon a flourishing city called
14:29 londinium in the area where the monument
14:31 now stands
14:34 londinium that's Latin that's what I
14:37 thought too that the name itself is
14:40 Celtic not Latin and may originally have
14:42 referred merely to a previous Farmstead
14:44 on the
14:46 site before you hear the rest of the
14:49 talk you have some time to look at
15:31 wasn't London burned to the ground at
15:34 some stage it happened in
15:38 ad60 by the forces of Queen budika of
15:41 the iini tribe from Modern Norfolk when
15:44 she led a major revolt against Roman
15:48 rule the governor suetonius pinus who
15:50 was busy Exterminating The Druids in
15:53 North Wales marched his troops South in
15:56 an attempt to save London but seeing the
15:59 size of budda's approaching Army decided
16:01 he could not mount an adequate defense
16:03 and evacuated the city
16:06 instead not everyone managed to escape
16:09 though and many were massacred what
16:12 about the beautiful old architecture did
16:16 you research that too I sure did the
16:18 major symbol of Roman rule was the
16:22 Temple of the Imperial cult Emperor
16:23 worship was administered by the
16:26 provincial Council whose headquarters
16:29 appear to have been in London by ad1
16:33 100 a member of its staff named aning
16:36 Cletus buried his wife on Ludgate Hill
16:39 around this time Pagan worship
16:42 flourished within the Cosmopolitan
16:45 City a temple to the mysterious Eastern
16:48 God methis was found at bucklersbury
16:51 house and is displayed nearby I quite
16:52 like St
16:56 Paul's traditionally St Paul's Cathedral
16:59 stands on the site of a temple of Diana
17:01 other significant buildings also began
17:05 to appear in the late 1 Century at a
17:08 time when the city was expanding rapidly
17:11 The Forum a Marketplace and Basilica
17:14 which toed the LW courts complex at Len
17:17 Hall Market was erected and then quickly
17:20 replanned as the largest such complex
17:23 north of the Alps The Forum was much
17:26 bigger than today's trafala Square who
17:28 was in charge of all the town planning
17:30 at the time
17:33 procurator Agricola he encouraged the
17:36 use of bathouses and had a grand public
17:39 sweet me which has now been excavated in
17:41 Upper T
17:43 Street they were as much a social venue
17:46 as a place to Bath there was a smaller
17:49 version at cheapside and in later
17:52 centuries private bath houses were also
17:55 built another popular attraction was the
17:58 wooden Amphitheater erected on the
18:01 Northwestern outskirts of the city it's
18:03 possible that gladiatorial shows were
18:06 put on here though lesser public sports
18:09 like a beating may have been more
18:11 regular I thought that happened mainly
18:14 in the Coliseum in Rome but I guess
18:16 London being settled by the Romans
18:18 explains their lust for
18:21 blood that is the end of part three you
18:24 now have half a minute to check your answers
18:58 now turns to part four part four you
19:01 will hear a talk on seasonal affective
19:03 disorder first you have some time to
19:38 now listen carefully and answer
19:42 questions 31 to
19:45 40 in the past few years a new condition
19:48 has been identified and given a name sad
19:52 short for Seasonal effective disorder
19:55 this is now recognized as a distinct
19:58 kind of clinical depression where people
20:00 become deped ressed at the onset of
20:02 winter accompanied by a craving for
20:05 sweet things causing weight gain each
20:07 spring and summer would then bring on
20:10 almost maniacal high and feelings of
20:13 boundless energy and happiness
20:15 experiments to combat this depression
20:17 showed that increased exposure to Bright
20:20 Light in humans could suppress their
20:23 production of a Darkness related hormone called
20:24 called
20:27 melatonin the light needed to induce
20:31 this change was about 2,000 Lu or about
20:33 four times brighter than ordinary
20:35 household lighting it was then
20:38 calculated that if bright light could
20:41 suppress melatonin secretion then it
20:43 might have other effects on the brain
20:46 including the reversal of symptoms of
21:01 where Winter nights are longer and days
21:04 shorter in the UK an estimated half a
21:07 million adults develop full-blown sad in
21:10 Winter and twice this number suffered
21:12 the milder condition called Subs syndromal
21:14 syndromal
21:18 sad about 80% of sufferers improve when
21:20 given light therapy and Improvement
21:24 usually comes within 2 to 4 days
21:26 scientists are still unsure why winter
21:28 depression happens but more than a
21:31 decade of research has turned up some
21:35 surprising findings nearly 80% of sad
21:37 victims are women researchers are
21:40 uncertain why this is so sad can affect
21:43 people at any age but typically it
21:46 begins around the age of 20 and becomes
21:50 less common between 40 and 50 sad is
21:52 comparatively rare in children and
21:54 Adolescence but so far researchers have
21:57 been unable to come up with a logical
21:59 reason for this
22:01 as many as half of sad sufferers have at
22:03 least one family member with depressive
22:06 illness suggesting that the depression
22:09 has a genetic component some patients
22:11 experience shifts in their body clocks
22:13 when they're depressed in Winter they
22:16 are mour people at one time of the year
22:19 and become evening people at
22:21 another what is the underlying
22:23 difference between sads sufferers and
22:26 others a clue can be found in
22:29 carbohydrate craving a common symptom
22:31 people often become obsessed with
22:33 chocolate for example carbohydrates
22:36 alter brain chemistry by increasing the
22:38 level of a soothing chemical called
22:41 serotonin a neurotransmitter that
22:44 carries signals between brain cells sad
22:47 sufferers crave carbohydrates because
22:49 they may need serotonin to lift their
22:53 mood this craving can be intense in fact
22:55 an addiction it may be that the
22:57 serotonin system of the brain has
23:00 problems regulating itself during the
23:03 winter some sad sufferers respond well
23:06 to the drug Prozac thought to influence
23:09 the brain serotonin using system other
23:12 brain chemicals and hormones probably
23:14 play a role in Winter
23:16 depression another neurotransmitter
23:19 dopamine for example may be inadequate
23:22 in certain cases researchers hope to
23:26 uncover Clues to sad Secret by probing
23:29 similarities between sad and hibernation
23:31 though no valid link between the two has
23:34 been established some sad patients say
23:37 they feel like hibernating animals sad
23:40 sufferers tend to put on fat in Autumn
23:42 and early winter roughly the time when
23:45 such hibernators as bears and squirrels
23:49 do that is the end of part four you now
24:50 [Music] [Applause]
24:52 [Applause] [Music]
25:00 [Music] oh
25:28 [Music] a
