0:03 hi folks welcome to this video on joint
0:06 actions and muscles so this video is now
0:08 the time to look at um the individual
0:10 joints and see which muscles are
0:13 Contracting to create which movements so
0:14 there's also a video in this playlist to
0:16 do with the movements that you can get
0:19 at which joint so if you need to recap
0:21 that please watch that video first this
0:22 is dealing with the muscles that are
0:24 Contracting uh and the movements that
0:27 are taking place as a result right joint
0:29 actions and muscles then there are a few
0:30 key terms that just need to make sure
0:34 we're happy with first these are Agonist
0:36 antagonist fixator and this thing about
0:38 antagonistic muscle action so let's
0:41 quickly Define each of
0:43 these so The Agonist is a muscle that
0:45 contracts to produce the movement and
0:47 he's also known as the prime mover you
0:49 might have heard it as either one of
0:52 those so as an an example there very
0:55 basic example during a biceps K the
0:58 biceps is The Agonist or the prime mover
1:00 that is the muscle that is contracted to
1:02 create the major movement at the elbow
1:03 joint which we're going to have a look
1:06 at in a few
1:09 minutes the antagonist in contrast Works
1:11 in opposition to The Agonist and as it
1:13 says there relaxes or lengthens as The
1:15 Agonist contracts now just to clarify
1:16 when we say Works in opposition it
1:18 doesn't mean it's trying to oppose it's
1:20 trying to stop The Agonist from doing
1:23 its job it's happy for The Agonist to do
1:25 its job if we come back to the example
1:28 that I've mentioned biceps K the biceps
1:30 will be The Agonist
1:33 in order for that biceps to contract the
1:35 triceps on the back of the arm must be
1:38 the antagonist it must relax in order
1:40 for The Agonist to do its job so they
1:42 are a partnership they work together
1:44 equally if we was to turn that bicep
1:47 kale into a tricep you know extension a
1:49 dip something like that the tricep would
1:52 then become The Agonist and the biceps
1:54 would become the antagonist so they work
1:56 in opposition in terms of as one's doing
1:58 one one thing I Contracting the other
2:04 relaxing the fixator that might be a new
2:07 bit of terminology to you the fixators
2:09 contract to stabilize or fix the joint
2:13 and or body in position now what do we
2:15 mean by that think about that there's
2:16 this big thing about you know when you
2:18 go to the gym try and use free weights
2:21 try and use dumbbells try and use bars
2:22 as opposed to the fix weight machines
2:24 where you're sitting in a seat the
2:27 reason is when you are standing doing
2:29 weights exercises you are Contracting on
2:31 a lot more muscles because you're having
2:33 to fix your body in position think about
2:36 the bicep K again when you do a bicep
2:38 you're in a standing position when you
2:41 do the bicep kale the bicep contracts to
2:45 flex the elbow the biceps is The Agonist
2:47 at the same time the triceps is going to
2:48 relax and that's going to be the
2:51 antagonist but at the same time you are
2:52 Contracting a lot of muscles around the
2:55 shoulder joint around your spine around
2:58 your hips and your knees to fix your
3:00 body in a nice stable position so they
3:02 are still contracted and we call those
3:04 muscle actions and those muscles
3:06 fixators they are fixing your body in
3:09 position in order to allow the required
3:12 or desired movement to take place so if
3:14 you to if you to get a question
3:17 specifically about a bicep kale for
3:19 example the fixators you'd be interested
3:20 in would be those around the elb the
3:23 shoulder joint and the wrist joint
3:25 fixing the wrist and shielder RM
3:26 position so the only movement you are
3:29 getting is that that is wanted at the
3:31 elbow joint but it leads me on to a key
3:33 thing that can sometimes come up a key
3:36 fixator in the
3:38 body there's a key fixated muscle group
3:40 we have in our bodies we all have it we
3:41 all need it called the transverse
3:44 abdominis so as you can see here's your
3:46 rib cage here there's your pelvis the
3:49 ilen part of your elv H Elvis of your
3:52 pelvis sorry and there's your transverse
3:53 abdominis you've got one on this side
3:55 and you've got one on the other side and
3:58 it wraps underneath so your sixpack you
4:00 know is on top there your abdomin is on
4:03 top there but this one wraps around you
4:06 it's basically like a corset every time
4:07 you want to lock your core nice and
4:09 tight you think it's the ABS that are
4:11 doing it it's not it's your transverse
4:14 abdominis that are Contracting nice and
4:17 tight um to uh keep your core nice and
4:19 and and fixed and we call it a core
4:22 stabilizer any of you that do core
4:24 stability training you are specifically
4:27 trying to strengthen this stabilizing
4:29 muscle group now you might get questions
4:31 on core stability of the spine or how do
4:33 you increase core stability or how do
4:36 you generate or what's a key fixator in
4:39 the body transverse abdominis this
4:41 muscle here this muscle here is the key
4:43 term there that's the muscle that we
4:44 associate with high levels of core
4:47 stability one of the big fixators of the
4:49 body but like I said any muscle that is
4:52 Contracting to fix a body position is
4:55 classified as a fixator during the
4:58 action so finally for this slide what is
5:00 this term here this antagonist muscle
5:02 action is basically what we've just said
5:05 in terms of when one muscle becomes The
5:07 Agonist it's opposite it's opposite
5:10 muscle its partner is probably a better
5:13 way to do it becomes the antagonist so
5:15 when I do my bicep K my biceps is The
5:17 Agonist the triceps is going to become
5:20 the antagonist if I then decide to
5:22 extend the elbow joint and now do a
5:25 tricep extension the tricep would then
5:27 switch and become The Agonist and the
5:29 biceps would become the antagonist so
5:31 the fact that these muscles switch from
5:33 Agonist to antagonist depending on the
5:36 action we call that an antagonistic
5:38 muscle action so that's just the Key T
5:40 there to describe the fact that The
5:41 Agonist does its job and at the same
5:44 time the antagonist does its job and
5:47 then they can switch over if you decide
5:48 to do the opposite action that will
5:50 hopefully make more sense as we go
5:52 through these what we're going to do now
5:55 is look at the actions the muscles at
5:57 each of the key joints that we need to
6:00 know let's start with with the Biggie or
6:02 you know one of the biggies the the
6:04 shoulder and the hip joint because they
6:05 have ball and socket joints they have
6:08 the most amount of movements therefore
6:10 the most number of agonists and things
6:12 like that to remember so let's deal with
6:15 this one first the shoulder joint has
6:17 got a lot of movements as we mentioned
6:19 therefore we need to know which muscles
6:20 create those movements like I said if
6:22 you're unfamiliar with the movements you
6:24 need to watch the video on movement
6:25 analysis cuz I'm just going to say the
6:27 terms and expect that you know them or
6:30 presume that you know them
6:32 so there are all the muscle actions
6:34 sorry the The Joint actions we can get
6:36 at the shoulder joint we can Flex
6:39 remember that is where you swing I swing
6:41 this entire arm forward so like an
6:43 underarm throw is an easy example of
6:45 that extension is where this arm moves
6:47 backwards behind my body abduction is
6:49 where this arm comes out to the side
6:51 there adduction is bringing it back
6:53 towards the middle of the body these are
6:57 two that can cause confusion medial and
6:59 lateral rotation look at this humorous
7:01 that bone in the upper arm there if I
7:04 was to rotate that arm away from my body
7:07 so like twist the arm away from the body
7:09 that would be lateral rotation if I was
7:12 to rotate the arm so it is pointing
7:13 towards the middle of my body that is medial
7:15 medial
7:18 rotation horizontal adduction or flexion
7:20 are the same that is where my arm comes
7:23 up to the side and I move it behind
7:27 me horizontal adduction or flexion is
7:30 where I bring this arm up in front of me
7:33 and across my body that way and
7:34 horizontal abduction or extension is
7:36 where I bring this arm up to the side so
7:39 I abduct it and then I move it behind me
7:41 rotate behind the back of my body like I
7:42 said I'm not dealing with the movements
7:44 in this video that's in the other video
7:46 so you need to look at those let's look
7:48 at the muscles that create these actions
7:52 then so these are all the agonists right
7:55 now Panic automatically kicks in because
7:56 a lot of times you're not familiar with
7:57 a lot of muscles you've not heard of
8:00 just calm down let's look for the um
8:01 look for the easy things to get our
8:03 heads around well first of all look at
8:06 this deltoid deltoid deltoid deltoid so
8:08 deltoid is I am I've put couple there by
8:10 mistake but you can easily put them
8:11 there don't worry it's not a different
8:14 muscle deltoid is very very useful
8:16 muscle to know however don't just put
8:20 deltoid anterior means front posterior
8:22 means back and middle means middle so
8:24 what do we mean by that well let's just
8:27 have a look here if I was to just very
8:31 crudely turn this deltoid here into a
8:34 circle okay what we're saying
8:37 is here is the front of the athlete so
8:39 this third of it at the front is called
8:42 the anterior deltoid the third at the
8:45 back is called the posterior deltoid and
8:47 the third in the middle is called the
8:50 middle deltoid so if I contract my
8:52 anterior deltoid is going to pull this
8:55 entire arm forwards and I'm going to get
8:58 flexion if I contract my posterior
9:01 deltoid at the back here okay is going
9:03 to pull my entire arm backwards and I'm
9:06 going to get shoulder extension if I
9:10 contract the middle thired of my deltoid
9:12 is going to abduct as it says their
9:14 middle deltoid abduct and bring the arm
9:17 out to the side so one muscle group does
9:20 three of the key muscle movements at the shoulder
9:21 shoulder
9:23 joint where it gets a little bit
9:25 different is if you see here your
9:28 latissimus doorsa your lats are these
9:29 big muscles here now yes they're
9:31 attached on your back but look at that
9:33 point there it just goes up in fact let
9:36 me just change this you'll see here a
9:39 little bit better it just goes up there
9:42 into the back of the humorous joint so
9:44 when you contract your lats it pulls
9:47 this arm back down towards your side so
9:50 it addu it brings the arm back to the
9:52 side of the body the shoulder back uh to
9:54 the side these are some of the little
9:57 weird ones now okay what you can see
10:00 here is Terrace minor Terrace major
10:03 don't worry about it Terrace minor is
10:07 that one there this is called um or one
10:09 of your rotate cuff muscle so if you've
10:10 ever heard of anyone with a rotate cuff
10:13 injury terce Miner and
10:15 subscapularis are two of your rotates
10:17 cuff muscles you're just going to have
10:19 to memorize these The terce Miner
10:22 laterally rotates so when you contract
10:25 your Terrace Miner you are rotating your
10:29 entire arm outwards away from your body
10:31 when you you contract your
10:33 subscapularis sub meaning below is in
10:36 submarine and scapularis as in scapula
10:37 so you can't actually see on this
10:40 diagram your scapula is somewhere here
10:42 underneath the muscles and the
10:44 subscapularis is below the scapula
10:46 underneath it when you contract your
10:48 subscapularis it will immediately rotate
10:51 so that is rotating your entire arm
10:54 towards the middle of your
10:57 body finally horizontal adduction and
10:59 flexion bringing the arm across cross
11:01 the body in a horizontal manner that is
11:04 your pectoralis major your big pec
11:07 muscle groups on the front of your chest
11:09 and finally the posterior deltoid gets
11:11 repeated again in terms of it is
11:13 involved in horizontal abduction so as
11:16 well as this posterior deltoid ear as
11:17 well as extending the arm bringing it
11:21 behind the body it will also abduct it
11:25 and horizontally abduct it sorry back at
11:27 the horizontal abduction one think of
11:28 like someone like Andy Murray's arm
11:31 position on the back swing of a forearm
11:33 the arm is up out round the out to the
11:36 side and also behind his body slightly
11:38 as he's about to strike through that's a
11:41 horizontally abducted position so in
11:43 order to get the arm in that position
11:45 that is the posterior
11:48 deltoid right they are not all as
11:49 complicated as the shoulder joints so
11:50 don't be getting put off but you're
11:53 going to have to remember these agonists
11:56 these muscles that contracted create these
11:58 these movements
11:59 movements
12:02 much easier than is the elbow joint why
12:03 well because the type of joint is it's a
12:06 hinge joint so it can only do two
12:09 movements the elbow joint can only Flex
12:12 or extend and just to recap that what
12:16 are we talking about remember flexion is
12:19 the um the elbow joint doing that you
12:22 are flexing extending is the arm doing
12:25 that straightening your elbow joint and
12:27 as you can see by the diagram you've got
12:29 the names of the two Agonist
12:31 there now my advice I know it's going
12:33 that a little bit of extra M but don't
12:35 give them reason to dock you a mark
12:37 don't put bicep and tricep you're a
12:38 level students now you're better than
12:42 that biceps brachi ey or brachi ey or
12:44 brai whatever you want to pronounce it
12:45 that is the muscle that contracts to
12:49 flex um the elbow joint triceps brachi
12:51 is the muscle that contracts to extend
12:53 the elbow joint and as we' said you know
12:55 these are examples you know the example
12:57 that I gave you at the start in terms of
12:59 Agonist and antagonistic muscle pairs so
13:01 just to quickly recap that while we're
13:03 here as that elbow flexes from there to
13:05 there the bicep contracts and becomes
13:07 The Agonist the tricep even though it's
13:09 not on this pitch obviously he's still
13:11 there it's going to relax to become the
13:13 antagonist if this person then decides
13:15 to extend their elbow joint the tricep
13:18 will contract to become The Agonist and
13:20 the bicep will relax to become the
13:22 antagonist and that's that antagonistic
13:28 relationship if it didn't get any easier
13:30 it's just about to I think the examiners
13:32 feel guilty about uh the whole shoulder
13:34 situation the wrist joint there are lots
13:36 and lots of muscles
13:40 inside your wrist inside your forearm
13:42 however at a level we group those muscles
13:44 muscles
13:46 together even though some of you know
13:49 that the wrist pronates and uh
13:51 supernates and all this kind of stuff we
13:53 are just interested in flexion extension
13:57 at the wrist joint so flexion extension
13:59 and if life didn't get any easy than
14:02 that it's just about
14:05 to the muscles that contract to flex the
14:07 wrist are called wrist flexors and the
14:09 muscles that contract to extend the
14:12 wrist are called wrist extensors so
14:15 flexing the wrist is bending so the the
14:17 the palm of your hand coming closer to
14:20 your forearm and the wrist extension is
14:23 the back of your hand uh moving close to
14:25 the opposite side of your forand so
14:27 wrist flexion uh is you know bending the
14:30 wrist forwards wrist extension is
14:31 bending the wrist backwards and it's the
14:34 wrist flexors and the wrist extensors
14:36 that the agonists for each of those
14:39 actions so that's really
14:41 straightforward so the hip joint then
14:42 again it gets a little bit trickier here
14:43 because again it's a ball and socket
14:45 joint we have lots of different
14:47 movements therefore lots of different
14:50 agonists so the hip you know we are
14:53 talking about that thing there the that
14:56 ball of the FEMA fit into that socket of
15:00 the pelvis um in the ilium so there's
15:03 the ilium there's the isum there's the
15:06 pubis and the head of the femur just
15:10 fits into the socket
15:12 there so there are the muscles that
15:14 we're interested in as you'd expect a
15:17 lot of them very similar to or exactly
15:18 the same as the shoulder joint because
15:20 it is the same type of joint ball and
15:22 socket so we got flexion extension
15:24 abduction adduction lateral rotation and
15:25 medial rotation the only ones we haven't
15:28 got those horizontal ab and adductions
15:32 so so flexion remember FEMA forwards is
15:35 flexion every time you see the FEMA this
15:39 bone up sorry this bone swing forwards
15:41 as if you were kicking something or
15:44 raising your entire H feema up in front
15:46 of you that would be flexion activity
15:50 extension is moving the FEMA behind your
15:53 body abduction raising out to the side
15:54 adduction bringing it back down to the
15:57 middle lateral rotation I maybe I didn't
15:59 explain it I never do explain these
16:01 things too well but lateral rotation
16:03 like I said in one of my other videos If
16:04 you draw a line not the best line in the
16:07 world down the middle of that leg there
16:10 if you then twist your leg so that line
16:14 is pointing this way out away from your
16:17 body that would be lateral rotation if
16:20 you then twist or rotate your leg so
16:22 that line is now pointing towards the
16:24 middle of your body that would be medial
16:26 rotation so just in case you're
16:28 struggling with those ideas that's what
16:30 it means
16:32 Here We Go Again loads of weird words
16:36 calm down don't panic at all right
16:39 flexion you'd think that because you
16:41 obviously swing your leg every time you
16:43 take a step forwards and you know every
16:45 time you kick or run you swing your your
16:48 entire hip joint forward there must be a
16:50 big very well-known muscle that does
16:52 that it's not it's actually quite a
16:56 small it's called ilos soos Silent P so
16:59 your ilos soos is the most musle that
17:02 swings uh the hip joint forwards when
17:04 you're running now what you can see here
17:06 it's actually not a small why is it
17:08 called ilas soos you don't need to know
17:09 this but it's just in case you're
17:12 struggling look here it says SE major
17:15 psos major and
17:17 iliacus now these two muscles even
17:20 though there's a line here actually join
17:22 together so they've taken the Ilia bit
17:24 from that one and the SE bit for that
17:28 one and they call them ILO soos so the
17:31 muscle that flexes your hip swings it
17:35 forwards is an ILO seus right a it fun
17:37 this in terms of extending the hip so
17:39 now we're looking at you from your front
17:42 here so if your ilos s contracts this
17:44 FEMA swings forwards now we're looking
17:47 at you from behind here and as you can
17:49 see it is the you know the biggest
17:52 muscle in the body the gluteus maximus
17:55 when you contract your gluteus maximus
17:57 that extends the hip that pulls the hip
18:00 joint backwards it pulls the femur
18:02 behind your body the biggest most
18:04 powerful muscle in the body because
18:06 every time you jump every time you drive
18:11 off the ground your uh FEMA moves behind
18:12 you to drive the rest of your body
18:14 forwards so that's a big powerful
18:16 movement therefore it needs a big
18:18 powerful muscle in order to do that the
18:21 gluteus maximus because you've got a
18:24 gluteus maximus you must also have a
18:27 gluteus medius and there it is there you
18:29 don't have a glutitis Maximus on one
18:30 side and medius on the other you've got
18:32 a glutitis Maximus there and a gluteus
18:34 maximus there you've got a gluteus
18:36 medius there and a glutitis medius there
18:39 obviously two sexs you know you know one
18:41 for each hip joint when you contract
18:43 your gluteus medius that abducts the hip
18:45 so as you can see there when this muscle
18:47 contracts and shortens it's going to
18:50 pull this FEMA out to the side so when
18:52 you abduct your hip joint when you swing
18:54 your leg out to the side that is the gluteus
18:55 gluteus
18:59 medius when you adduct your hip you
19:02 contract your adductor longest now just
19:05 think of this in common terms it's an
19:06 adductor because it creates adduction
19:08 and it's longest because there it is
19:11 look adductor longest it runs from there
19:12 all the way down all the way down there
19:14 you've got an adductor brevis which you
19:15 don't need to know about that means it's
19:18 a short adductor we're interested in the
19:21 adductor longus the long adductor that
19:24 is your prime mover the adductor brev
19:26 isn't a prime mover that's why we only
19:29 need to know the adductor longus is now
19:31 your glutes make another appearance here
19:33 lateral rotation like we said coming
19:35 back to this diagram there's that line
19:37 going down the front of your leg you
19:39 want to twist or rotate your leg so that
19:41 line is facing outwards away from your
19:45 body again that is a gluteus maximus
19:46 look that that white bit is where it
19:48 becomes a tendon if I contract this
19:50 muscle it's going to pull my leg behind
19:53 but it's also going to rotate it so that
19:56 the middle of my fem is pointing out
19:59 it's going to tug it that way equally
20:02 the gluteus medius is responsible for
20:04 medial rotation when you contract your
20:07 medius gluteus medius that line will
20:09 then rotate back towards the midline of
20:12 your body you have a gluteus Minimus I
20:15 is a really tiny gluteal but that's
20:17 mainly just involved for the stabilizing
20:19 the hip joint it's not really used for a
20:22 massive major action so they're the
20:24 muscles that you need to know for the hip
20:25 hip
20:28 joint okay two to go and it's relatively
20:31 straightforward again from here why well
20:32 we're back to a hinge joint aren't we
20:34 the knee joint is a hinge joint same as
20:36 the elbow so again there's only two
20:38 movements we can
20:41 get their flexion extension however EX
20:44 air level let's get nasty again not May
20:46 the examiners the hamstring muscle on
20:49 the back so there's the KNE capap
20:50 there's your FEMA there's your tibia so
20:53 we're looking at you know the knee H so
20:55 it's it's side onto US there's patella
20:58 there quadriceps on the front of your
21:00 thigh hamstrings on the back of your
21:02 thigh when you contract the hamstrings
21:04 that will Flex the knee joint it will
21:06 pull as you can see there look the
21:07 hamstring is attached to the top of the
21:09 tibia the top of your shin bone so when
21:11 this contracts it's going to pull the
21:14 shin or your tibia behind you so it's
21:16 going to flex the knee joint here's the
21:17 quadricep here even though it looks like
21:20 it's attaching here it's not it's
21:22 attaching into the patella which then
21:24 attaches on the front of the tibia so
21:27 when I contract my quads the force acts
21:29 through here and that's going to pull
21:31 the tiia forwards and that's what's
21:32 going to
21:36 extend my knee joint however they are
21:38 muscle groups individual muscles make
21:40 them up so let's have a
21:43 look oh dear God what fresh hell is
21:45 this they've made it complicated but we
21:47 need to know these terms I remember when
21:49 I did a levels I'm going back many years
21:51 and I'm not sure enough but I just had
21:53 to sit and memorize these and I got an A
21:54 on my air level and it's you know it is
21:57 down to that there is no easy thing here
21:58 but if the we easy to remember easy to
22:00 memorize everyone would have a grades
22:01 and that's not the point those of you
22:03 that will to graft and work hard will
22:05 remember the names of these muscles but
22:06 it's going to take time and you're not
22:09 going to get it first time don't get get
22:11 downbeat about it is what I'm trying to
22:14 say what have we got here then well as
22:16 you'd expect muscle these two big
22:20 muscles are made up of um muscle groups
22:21 sorry muscle groups are made of
22:23 individual muscles the hamstrings is
22:25 made up of three individual muscles
22:27 one's called biceps for morus I thought
22:29 biceps was in Europa body it is but
22:31 you've got a biceps up in your elbow
22:33 joint but you've also got a biceps in your
22:34 your
22:37 leg don't worry about it biceps means two
22:38 two
22:40 heads but you don't need to know worry
22:41 about what that means in essence it
22:42 means that your biceps in your upper
22:45 body attaches it as two different heads
22:46 two different attachments into the
22:49 shoulder joint and the biceps for morus
22:51 in your hamstring has two separate
22:53 attachments into the uh pelvis don't
22:56 worry about that it's just so you know
22:57 that there are it's okay to have those
22:59 two terms
23:00 you're going to get a question in the
23:02 exam that could be what is happening at
23:04 the knee joint and if you identify that
23:07 as knee flexion and write this is caused
23:10 by the hamstrings you won't get the mark
23:12 you will not get the mark you need to
23:16 put knee flexion and one of these terms
23:18 whichever one you think you have best
23:20 chance of remembering I go with biceps
23:23 for moris why because the same applies
23:24 to the
23:29 quadriceps quads there are four muscles
23:32 um rectus moris vastest lateralis
23:35 vastest medialis vastest intermedius if
23:37 you want to go and find their locations
23:39 individually please feel free want to
23:41 look at them in anatomy book please feel
23:42 free but I'm just trying to you know
23:45 condense it all down again if you see an
23:47 action in the exam and it says what
23:49 action is this and you know that it's
23:51 the extension and you put caused by the
23:53 quadriceps you will not get the mark you
23:56 need to put one of these muscles down so
23:58 I go for the two for morus muscle groups
24:01 flexion is biceps forus extension is erectus
24:02 erectus
24:06 forus okay but whichever ones you think
24:09 you will learn best or memorize
24:12 best finally then the ankle joint the
24:15 last one thank God for that and again
24:17 there are only two movements we need to
24:19 know at the ankle joint you're looking
24:21 at all these different muscles named on
24:23 these diagrams don't worry about them
24:26 dead straightforward planter flexion and
24:29 dorsy flexion then the two that you need to
24:30 to
24:33 know there's your gastrous muscle this
24:36 big one here the Posh name for your calf
24:38 but you can't put calf in the exam it's
24:40 got to be gastrous that planter flexes
24:43 remember planter flexion P Point your
24:45 toes every time you go up onto tip toes
24:47 every time you point your toes to strike
24:49 a ball through your laces or something
24:51 like that you are planter Flex in the
24:53 ankle joint and that is created by the
24:56 gastrus dorsy flexion is to draw the
24:58 toes back so if you look at the foot
25:00 position here imagine this person tries
25:02 to pull their toes upwards and pull
25:06 their foot back towards their Shin their
25:09 tibia as much as they can that is done
25:11 by the tibialis anterior remember
25:14 anterior means in front of tibialis the
25:17 tibia so the tibialis anterior is the
25:19 muscle in front of your tibia and that
25:23 will dorsiflex your ankle joint so
25:26 they're the key movements and the
25:28 muscles The Agonist that create those
25:30 movements that is a lot to take on board
25:31 so you need to but you know some of the
25:33 joints are dead straightforward the
25:34 shoulder and the hip are the most
25:36 complicated ones watch those as much as
25:38 you can as much as you need to there's
25:40 no hiding you're going to have to know
25:42 these if you want to get top grades in
25:44 the exam you could get asked short
25:46 answer questions on them one Mark you
25:48 could get 10 Mark questions on movement
25:50 analysis highlighting what's going on at
25:53 various points of an action at the the
25:55 knee and the hip joint you know so you
25:57 need to know what's going on at these
25:59 joints and the movements are on a
26:01 separate video I'm also going to deal
26:03 with types of contractions on a separate
