Skeletal System Overview | Armando Hasudungan | YouTubeToText
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hello in this video we will look at the
skeletal system which is the system of
the bones and we have many different
types of bones in our body with all
shapes and sizes we have flat bones such
as the sternum we have your regular
bones such as the vertebrae we have
short bones where which are the carpal
bones in the hand we have sesamoid bones
such as our patella kneecap and long
bones such as the humerus bones are hard
as we know however if you look at the
humerus here the inside of the bone is
actually not as hard this is a spongy
bone which is trabecular bone making up
the inner bone it is the compact bone
that is dense
it's the dense bone made up of osteons
this is the outer bone the long bone
such as the humerus has have different
sections so the very ends of the long
bone is the epiphyses then the
metaphysis which separate the ends of
the long bone to the center of the bone
now the center of the bone the bowed
shaft is called the diaphysis the inside
of the bone the center of the bone
should I say can be hollow and this is
the medulla which can contain bone
marrow let's look at another example
let's look at the flat bone such as the
sternum here but let's mainly look
inside the manubrium which is the top
part of the sternum just like the long
bone the outside is may is the compact
bone the hard one and the center the
small inside of the bone is a spongy
bone which is the trabeculae bone so I
hope you get an appreciation that there
is compact or spongy bone let us cut a
cross-section of the humerus the hollow
Center here the cavity is the medulla
there are many cells that actually make
up the bone which play an important
not only in making the boat strong and
to keep for you to help us with posture
and movement but the cells within the
bones are very important in the
homeostatic levels you can say of
minerals such as calcium and phosphate
now cells of the bone include
osteoblasts which are the cells
responsible for building our bones
there are also osteoclasts which are
cells responsible for breaking down bone
there is also osteocytes which are which
are mature bones which are mature bone
cells from from trapped osteoblasts so
they are osteoblasts and they become
trapped in their own matrix forming
osteocytes you also have osteoprogenitor
cells which are cells that essentially
become osteoblasts there are there are
also cells that are made from our bone
marrow such as our such as our immune
cells but we won't talk about that here
now let's draw another the same cross
section of the long bone with the
medulla now let's see how these cells
that we just talked about actually make
up the bone so looking at compact well
here we have osteocytes which are the
mature bone cells remember they become
osteocytes when the osteoblasts are
trapped within the matrix then on the
very outside are the actual osteoblasts
which are cells that are building the
bone secreting matrix again when these
osteoblasts become trapped in the bone
matrix they actually become osteocytes
and form the compact bone surrounding
the compact bone all together is a layer
called the periosteum now the periosteum
is separated into a fibrous layer and a
cellular layer which is the layer where
we find the osteoprogenitor cells and
osteoblasts surrounding the periosteum
are the blood vessels which penetrate
the bone through canals and
which allows it to supply the inside of
the bone it is important to know that
the bone itself does not actually have
now let's zoom or closer to the compact
bone and spongy bone area to look at to
look at how these how bone is organized
in a from a different angle so here
again is a spongy bone which is the
inner bone and then we have the outer
compact bone the hard bone surrounding
the compact bone is the certain the bone
all together that is a periosteum which
is pain sensitive remember and
surrounding the periosteum are the blood
vessels the arteries and veins and the
arteries and veins can penetrate inside
the bone to supply the inner bone as
well the blood vessels travel from the
outside to the inside of the bone
through canals now remember the compact
bone is mainly made up of trapped
osteoblasts which are the osteocytes
they are actually organized into an
osteon which are the functional units of
compact bone if we pull out one of these
osteons we can find this central canal
which houses blood vessels and this is
how the bone stays nourished anyway I
hope you enjoyed this video on an
introduction to the skeletal system and
the structure and an anatomy of the bone
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