This content provides a biographical overview of Isaac Newton's life, detailing his early struggles, intellectual development, groundbreaking scientific discoveries, and personal eccentricities, ultimately highlighting his profound and lasting impact on science and humanity.
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- Newton? - Newton's heart.
When will we get married?
What?
It's a question that science has been unable to answer.
Excuse me?
I'm joking, my love.
You know the scientist humor.
I have been working on a theory these days.
If it turns out to be true, it will change our perspective on the entire universe.
Oh really?
What theories, now?
I don't know yet.
I am waiting for the revelation to descend upon me.
Ouch
What is this shit? apples?
Go on, Newton, what were you saying?
I used to say that I was waiting for a sign,
something that can guide me to- ouch!
Did this tree malfunction or what?
What's wrong with you, Newton?
It's just a tree dropping fruits.
Does it have to drop fruits on my head?
Okay, let's go back to our topic. Did you get the ring?
Oh yes, the ring.
I wanted to talk to you about this ring thing.
Don't you feel that a ring has become a bit old fashioned?
I mean, for example...
This is too much!
One second!
How did I not think about this before?
What is it?
Every time I come to talk about our marriage,
an apple falls from the tree.
What do you think this means?
This means, Shaima, that there is a hidden power
a force pulls the apple down, so it falls on me.
Power? What power?
This strength is...
the power of envy.
Cucumber?
Isn't there some cheese too?
Some cheese, for breakfast.
No, you bet, there are no men.
Hello my dear viewers,
welcome to a new episode of El-Daheeh.
Let me, my friend, tell you about a very cold night,
on 25th December, 1642.
That, my friend, is according to old time-zone,
if you adjusted your watch to the new time-zone,
it'll be this date instead,
4th January, 1643.
At that time, at Woolsthorpe Farm, in the county of Lincolnshire in England,
something will happen, my friend, that will change the entire history of humanity.
Something that wasn't supposed to happen now,
it was supposed to happen after 3 months.
A loud scream filled the place.
Many women gathered in one room, including one screaming,
struggling with labor that occurred 3 months early.
And people running, and people bringing hot water,
with people calling, "Why is the ambulance late?"
Anyway, my friend, after two or three hours of conflict and pain.
the hero of our episode arrives.
An infant arrives with very little chance of survival,
because he is very, very small,
so much so that his mother, Hannah Ayscough,
says she could have put him in a mug.
It was not at all expected, my friend, for this child to live.
But this man lived,
and was the reason 80% of Egypt's students switch from science to literature,
escaping him and his thoughts, and as we'll see in this episode, his madness.
Isaac Newton, my friend, was born into a very simple family,
his father was a farmer, and he died 3 months before he was born.
And his mother decided then that she would name him after his father.
So he was "Isaac Isaac Newton."
His mother, my friend, lived with him for the first 3 years of his life.
After that, she decided to get married.
She married a rich man named Barnabas Smith.
So she went to live with him and left Isaac to live with his grandmother.
This, my friend, greatly affected Newton's psyche.
He always tended toward loneliness and isolation.
So much so, my friend, that there are sayings
that he never got married because of this issue.
When Newton, my friend, grew up and was 19 years old,
he wrote in his list of sins,
that one time he got angry at his mother and step-dad Smith,
and threatened to burn them alive.
"That's dark, Abo Hmeed, how can he think like this when he is 19 years old?
He wants to burn his mother?"
My friend, let me tell you that this was a sin from the middle of 48,
there were 47 other disasters that he made.
During the period when Newton lived with his grandmother,
it is said that his uncle, William Ayscough, was the one who cared for him.
He gave him his old books.
Here, Newton's curiosity began to grow and grow.
He started asking questions older than his age.
Instead of going out to play with the children around him in the street,
he used to make models of windmills
that he used to spin with mice.
Given the circumstances in which he was born in, he was a somewhat strange child.
Not only, my friend, was Newton making inventions,
he also sometimes made tools with which to make inventions.
In 1653, the mother's husband died.
Newton lived with his mother, grandmother, and brothers who are not his siblings.
Newton's grandmother decides to send him to school to study.
Free Grammar School of King Edward VI.
It was in another city was about 6 miles away from his home.
Here, instead of having to take the commute everyday,
Newton lived with another family called the Clark family.
There, he met the pharmacist William Clark,
who was very influential in his life.
From the age of 12 to 16, Newton lived his life with William Clark.
At that time, Newton was very interested in pharmacy and chemistry.
He learned from William about mixtures of medicines and herbs.
"Abo Hmeed, you are telling us this to explain how Newton became a genius,
and when he entered school, he overpowered his teachers and was the smartest."
Unfortunately, my friend, the school reports said
that he was an inactive and inattentive student.
He was lost, and the teachers complained about him.
Here, his mother decided in 1659,
to get him out of education.
"Who you would have been, Newton, anyway? A man who changes history?
Oh no, Isaac, you go and find a job, cultivate land like your father,
or you know what? we received inheritance from your mother's husband,
you come to manage the affairs, properties, and real estate he owns."
Indeed, my friend, she took him out of school,
Isaac Newton was threatened to work in real estate.
Imagine, my friend, Isaac Newton would be sending you messages on WhatsApp
saying, "Dear customer, are you interested in units whose price exceeds $7 million?"
The truth, my friend, is that thank God, for science and technology
and everything that is coming,
Newton didn't succeed as a real estate broker.
Neither as farmer nor as a labor worker.
Here, his uncle intervened and convinced his mother to send him back to school.
But this time, Newton moves and lives with the school principal himself,
Professor Henry Stokes.
Not only did Henry care about Newton and his education,
he also convinced the woman, his mother, to put him in university as well.
Because Newton, unlike the first time,
when he went to school and they said he was inactive and inattentive,
this time he showed passion and academic genius.
He left a great mark on the school.
Literally a fingerprint, he wrote his name on the desk like you do.
But he didn't quote it with "For the memory of torture days" like you.
Anyway my friend, when Newton was 18 years old,
after discussions and negotiations between the school principal and Newton's family,
and despite Newton's mother's refusal for him to go to university and succeed.
Newton's mother's finally approved for him to join the university.
And indeed in 1661, Newton, my friend,
attended Trinity College of Cambridge University.
"Wow Abo Hmeed, he really did aim high,
he joined the University of Cambridge, the ancient university,
the one were Professor Omar Abdel Aziz Al-Jamal graduated from!"
My friend, in the 17th century, things in Cambridge were a little different.
First, Omar Abdel Aziz El-Gammal was not born yet.
Second, the university was not the same as it is today.
It is true that at that time, theories of great scientists appeared,
like Kepler and Galileo Galilei,
however, this prestigious University of Cambridge
was still teaching the theories of Aristotle and Plato,
who say that Earth is the center of the universe.
"Is Earth, Abo Hmeed, not the center of the universe?"
No, my friend, you are the center of the universe,
you unaware, clouded, cute thing.
This bothered Newton a lot during his studies.
Newton, my friend, loved the works of new philosophers like Descartes.
And the works of new physicists such as Galileo.
So he ignored the university curriculum,
and studied physics and mathematics theories alone.
Also, he was very interested in astronomy,
but unfortunately, he did not understand it very much,
because his knowledge of engineering was not sufficient.
It wasn't enough to understand the movements of the stars.
He was studying from a book called "The Elements" by Euclid,
like you when you improve your level in something with extra books.
Newton didn't stop here,
he was also interested in the science of optics and light.
He spent days and days experimenting with light.
During, my friend, what the state of delight Newton was in,
learning here and there, earning knowledge about this and that,
Something happened to humanity the same way as in 2020,
an epidemic stopping the world.
It killed almost a third of the population of Europe,
in some cities, the black plague kills 80% of them.
You might imagine, Abo Hmeed, that this certainly hindered Newton.
But let me surprise you that this was a blessing that happened to Newton.
"Why, Abo Hmeed? Did he want the people dead?
Was this his 49th sin?"
The truth, my friend, is we cannot say that Newton had an opinion on the plague.
But in retrospect, we can look into history,
and find that there are important scientific discoveries
happened to Newton because of the plague.
Because of the state that society was in at the time, during the plague.
The plague paved the way for one of Newton's most famous ideas.
Due to measures such as social distancing and many rapid deaths,
Trinity College was closed.
Newton returned to the farm and the house where he was born.
Instead of Newton making 10-minute cookies and sanitizing supermarket bags,
something much more important happened to him: The apple fell.
The most famous scene in Newton's life.
There is disagreement about whether it happened or not.
In this place, my friend, on this farm,
the apple fell on Newton's head.
For scientific honesty, my friend, there is no reliable source
saying that the apple fell on Newton's head.
Mostly, the picture of Newton sitting with the apple falling on his head
was a writer's or photographer's or painter's imagination.
But in the words of writer William Stukeley,
in the book "Memoirs of Sir Isaac Newton",
he says there was an apple, and most likely this apple had already fallen.
Not necessarily, it fell on his head in the same way,
and at the same time, this inspired him with the idea.
Because life is not that cinematic and romantic.
However, what we can say is that the apple fell and he saw it.
At one time or another, the falling of this apple
raised his curiosity about a very important question.
A very obvious question: Why did the apple fall in a straight line,
vertically, towards the ground?
Why didn't it fall sideways, for example, or at an angle? Why didn't it go up?
The truth, my friend, is that it took Newton about 20 years
to publish the answer to this question.
Newton was convinced that the idea of hidden force, Spooky Action at a Distance,
which would be called Gravity later on,
is not limited to just the earth and the apple.
No, it affects the apple,
as well as the large astronomical objects above us.
It mostly exists in all astronomical objects.
Something that exists in the sky, the earth, and everything between them.
But there was a little problem,
The problem, my friend, at that time was that mathematics
was not able to explain these movements,
nor able to find an explanation for the phenomenon.
Here my friend, Newton thought simply,
"I don't have math to help me,
so I'll create the maths!"
Newton decided to create his own mathematics,
just something to get by with.
Newton, my friend, created branch of mathematics called calculus.
"You mean, Abo Hmeed, that he developed it?"
No, he created it.
"I can't believe it, Abo Hmeed, he created Calculus?"
Yes, my friend, why not.
I forgot to tell you that during the three years he was working with them on this,
he discovered the general law of binomial expansion.
Do you know Algebra? Do you remember, my friend, the question of empty term x?
Newton is the one who created it.
In 1666, when he was 23 years old,
Newton made revolutionary inventions and discoveries
in calculus, motion, optics, and gravity,
But he didn't publish yet any of the things I just told you.
He made his discoveries and put them in the drawer.
My friend, these discoveries had been in the drawer for 20 years.
Until it was published in 1687,
because he said that at that time, they were intuitions, just a feeling,
that this is how the world works,
and if we used this mathematics with these equations, they would work.
This period in his life, from 1664 to 1667,
they call them the wonderful years.
There was a plague that killed about fifth of the people in the world at that time,
but, thank God, Newton was productive and made scientific discoveries.
Newton, my friend, did not stop at mathematics and physics only.
Newton was also interested in optics and light.
Anything that came to his mind, he would try it out.
It is said that he once took a long, sharp sewing needle,
and inserted it into his eyelid,
the place between the eye and the skull,
just to see what would happen.
"Wait, Abo Hmeed, then he won't see!"
The truth, my friend, is nothing happened.
Newton only recorded that he saw colored circles after this.
Another time, my friend, Newton kept looking at the sun,
in a mirror, with one eye,
until he couldn't see anything except blue and red,
but this made him go blind for 3 days.
But thankfully, it went away after a while.
Newton's strange experiments would have killed him many times.
In the words of L.W. Johnson,
it is said that he suffered from mercury poisoning
when he was trying to transform elements
from ordinary elements into precious elements,
like alchemists, turning dirt into gold.
Also, Newton's keen interest in this science of optics,
made him pose a strange theory,
that white light is not actually white.
It is actually the product of mixing all the colors of the rainbow together.
At that time, it was a suggestion, after that it turned into a discovery,
a discovery that later explained the phenomenon of chromatic aberration
in the telescopes that existed at that time.
This phenomenon makes colors appear inaccurate.
For Newton to solve this problem,
he made his own telescope,
using mirrors in addition to lenses.
Not only lenses, like those of existing telescopes then,
no, he provided it with mirrors.
And he was able to solve a problem that existed at that time,
which is light scattering.
This made the telescope images clearer and more accurate.
Until today, the Newton telescope and reflecting telescopes,
which includes the Hubble Space Telescope,
are considered the mainstays of astronomy.
After many achievements, we reach 1669,
when Newton was honored
as the head of the Department of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge,
in the place of his former teacher, Isaac Barrow.
In 1671, Newton published an article on an important topic,
which is white being a mixture of other colors,
and colors are formed as a result of the refraction of white light.
At that time, my friend, people were convinced that
a color was a mixture of light and darkness.
The great scientist Robert Hooke was a supporter of this theory.
He criticized Newton's theories, his methods, and explanations.
Let me tell you that at this time,
ordinary people were holding on to old ideas with their hands and teeth.
They always criticize the scientific community.
These criticisms, my friend, made Newton hesitant.
He postponed publishing many ideas
about important discoveries he was is making, such as gravity.
Not only would Newton hesitate to publish his scientific ideas,
Newton conquered all the natural sciences,
and specialized in the study of the Bible and theology,
which, by the way, my friend, constituted about 27% of his writings.
Newton wrote more about religion than anything else
as a category alone; Newton is a theologian.
Newton, my friend, had somewhat strange views on society.
For example, he rejected the idea of the Trinity,
he rejected the idea of Trinity.
Which is the name of his college in Cambridge.
It was not easy, my friend, for him to talk about his thoughts.
Newton, my friend, was religious.
Newton also said gravity could explain the movement of planets and celestial bodies.
But you can't explain who made them move.
In 2002, a piece of paper was discovered,
where Newton calculated the date of the Day of Resurrection,
in complex calculations that have a religious reference.
After a set of his own calculations,
he concluded that the Day of Resurrection would be in 2060.
Let us, my friend, leave Newton for a while and go to a great scientist.
Scientist Edmund Halley.
Halley, my friend, was an extraordinary person.
He worked as a sea captain and cartographer,
and a professor of Engineering at the University of Oxford,
and Master of the Mint,
and an astronomer and inventor of the diving bell.
He studied and wrote about magnetism, tides, and planetary movement.
He invented a weather map,
he invented a number of methods to calculate the age of the Earth
and its distance from the sun.
Not only that, my friend, Edmund Halley invented a way to preserve fish,
in order to stay fresh.
"Abo Hmeed, he is a great scholar, If I had a daughter, I would have him marry her,
Abo Hmeed, there is a discovery of his that you did not mention, the comet of Hani."
Okay, look. First, its name is Halley's Comet.
Second, you must have heard about it here,
not from MTV.
Third, and ironically, the comet is not his.
The most famous thing for Halley, he basically did not do it.
Halley did not discover Halley's comet.
Edmund Halley just explained and wrote,
it is the same comet that other people saw, in 1456, 1531 and 1607.
The comet will not be named after him, except 16 years after his death.
Despite, my friend, all of Halley's scientific achievements,
it is said that Halley's greatest contributions to human knowledge,
is participating in a scientific bet with two of his friends over coffee.
- "Is this the greatest thing, Abo Hmeed?" - This is the greatest thing.
Halley made a bet bet with Robert Hooke and Sir Christopher Wren.
Robert Hooke, my friend, who sat with him at the coffee shop,
some people consider him the first person to describe the cell.
As for Christopher, he was an astronomer and architect.
The scholars were sitting having lunch in London,
and the conversation took them to talk about celestial bodies.
At that time, my friend, it was known that the planets tended to rotate
in a certain elliptical shape.
Its name is an ellipse, a very precise, defined curve.
No one knew why the planets rotate this way.
Wren got up with pride and announced a prize of 40 shillings,
if anyone can find a solution and explanation for this issue.
40 shillings, my friend, was a large amount at the time, half a month's salary.
Hooke, my friend, heard this,
stood up and said, "I know the explanation, but I won't tell you."
The truth, my friend, he was a great scientist,
but he also had some weird ideas.
He was known to be the kind who talks a lot.
Many times he took credit for ideas that were not his own.
It is said that he was all "I'm doing this
to raise the reach, I will tell you guys, but I won't."
- Just say, dude. - "I know, but I won't say."
Here, my friend, Halley, and thanks for this greed,
was greedy for 40 shillings.
He actually tried to find an answer,
until he decides to travel to Cambridge.
In Cambridge, who did he meet? Isaac Newton.
We cannot guess what Halley was thinking
when he went to see Newton in 1684.
But, my friend, he was helped by
one of Newton's friends, a weirdo just like Newton,
his name is Abraham de Moivre.
This man, my friend, calculated the day he dies,
surprisingly, he actually died on it.
Anyway, my friend, Halley met Newton.
He asked him, "What do you think about the curve that the planets make?
What do you think of Kepler's laws?
How can we explain the movement of the planets around the sun?"
Here, Newton answered him easily, and smoothly,
He said, "It's the ellipse, I know the explanation for this,
you don't know it or what?"
Here, Halley asked him, "How did you know about this?
we are playing over drinks,
you know the answer so easily? we made a bet to find an answer!"
Newton, my friend, in his famous way would simply say, "I calculated it,
but I don't remember where I put the calculations."
He sat looking through some papers he had in the drawer.
But unfortunately, he could not find the paper on which he calculated
things like, inverse square, ellipse, and planetary motion.
He used to deal with his scientific ideas with the utmost simplicity.
He apologized to Halley and said, "Sorry, unfortunately, I can't find the paper."
Halley was very shaken by Newton,
as if someone found a serious treatment, and could not find the paper of it.
Anyway, after a lot of pressure from Halley,
Newton agreed to recalculate.
This time, he published it in a research paper,
Newton actually kept his promise to Halley.
Not only this promise, my friend, he did much more than that.
Newton resigned for two years,
two years of intense thinking, doodling, and cups of mint tea on the balcony.
In the end, he came to us with his great book,
Now you know, my friend, why I told you that
Halley's greatest achievement was visiting Newton?
This visit freed Newton from his obsessions.
It made him go back and do research in the natural sciences again.
He completed the work he started about the law of gravity.
Also, my friend, what motivated Newton to publish his theories,
was that there was a scientist named Leibniz,
who published theories in calculus before Newton
although Newton had reached these things before him,
but he put it in the drawer and didn't take it out.
Newton published his Principia in 1687.
At the time, It was described as one of the most difficult books one could ever find.
But whoever knew how to find it would find a real treasure in his hands.
A book explaining the orbits of celestial bodies,
and the reasons for their movements.
In this book, Newton explained gravity.
He explained the 3 laws of motion, whose problems make you go crazy.
After this explanation, most of the movements in the universe were logical.
Let me, my friend, give you a simple review of Newton's 3 laws.
Newton's first law, my friend,
"An object at rest remains at rest,
and an object in motion remains in motion,
at constant speed and in a straight line unless acted on by an unbalanced force."
"Okay, Abo Hmeed,
a body at rest will remain at rest, when no one approaches it,
but would this moving body still move without fuel?
isn't energy neither created nor destroyed?"
What are you saying? Just wait.
My friend, the moving body is affected by an external force, which we do not see.
That's why, in all your observations on planet Earth,
anything that moves, stops,
because there is something called gravity,
because there is something called Friction.
All of these things affect the object, so it stops .
But in space, if you something moves,
it will only keep on moving.
This, my friend, leads us to Newton's second law.
The second law says,
The acceleration of an object depends on
the mass of the object and the amount of force applied.
This acceleration, my friend, is not the speed.
Acceleration, not velocity.
Acceleration, my friend, is the rate of increase of speed,
acceleration is not speed.
He says that this acceleration is directly proportional
to the force acting on this body,
and inversely with the mass of the body itself.
Meaning, any body we strongly influenced;
Abo Hmeed was pushed in his chest.
Here, it gained acceleration,
the speed of his body increased at a certain rate.
In this rate, the more force used increases,
the more acceleration increases.
When The Rock pushes me, my acceleration will be much faster
However, than if Kevin Hart pushes me,
my acceleration will be lower.
So, as the force increases, the acceleration increases.
Well, the more my mass increases, the acceleration will decrease.
If you, my friend, hit The Rock with Kevin Hart,
The Rock won't even flinch.
But if I hit Kevin Hart with The Rock,
Kevin will definitely be affected.
Do you understand, my friend?
In the first law, my friend, there is no force acting on objects,
the resultant force will be zero.
The resting object stays resting, and the moving object keeps moving.
This time, we introduced force into the second law.
As for the third law, which we all know,
and was said 500 times in 60 series,
For every action there's a reaction,
equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.
"Now, Abo Hmeed, I have a question.
If The Rock punches Kevin Hart,
does this law require Kevin to punch back?"
Newton, my friend, tells you that he already punched back.
You, my friend, when you get hit like that,
you aren't just being hit, the force isn't in this direction only.
Just as the hand affects your face strongly,
your face also affects the hand but in a way weaker force,
a reaction equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.
Anything that falls on the ground and breaks,
it wasn't broken by one force,
no, it was broken because of the reaction of
these objects when they collided with each other.
Here, my friend, what hurt Kevin's face
was not The Rock's punch,
but his body's reaction is to The Rock's hand.
Newton, my friend, in the book also stated the law of universal gravitation,
stating that every being and every thing in the universe attract each other.
"Do you mean, Abo Hmeed, that I attract girls in auditorium T2?
Why won't they talk to me?"
My friend, you sit in the auditorium,
attracting everything around, not just girls.
You, my friend, attract the ceiling, the walls,
and even the projector and the doctor.
The law of universal gravitation says,
"Any attraction force between two objects
is proportional to the product of their masses,
and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers."
Meaning, the more the two objects have more mass,
the more they are attracted to each other,
and the more their distance increases,
the more their gravity decreases.
In other easier words to help your social relations,
more mass, more love,
far from the eye, far from the heart.
Put the these rules together, my friend,
you'll have a universal gravitation law.
Law of Attraction.
more mass and don't be far, decrease the distance.
Attraction will rocket.
This law, my friend, is one of the first general laws
that a human mind proposed regarding nature.
Can you imagine, my friend? You go to nature and say,
"Look, nature, there is nothing in the world that will move outside of law,
you're operating with what I'm saying."
That's why, my friend,
people held Newton in high esteem in scientific history.
This book of Principia was a true treasure for all people.
Newton's laws explained many things that had no explanation at the time.
Such as the movement of tides, the movement of planets, the movement of projectiles,
these are all things that people accepted over time.
But when Newton's laws first came out,
they changed a concept that people had had for a long time.
And it is that after most people were convinced the Earth is spherical,
Newton came and said "According to my calculations and laws, folks,
the Earth is not spherical."
According, my friend, to Newton's laws,
the centrifugal force of Earth's rotation
cause a slight flattening at the poles.
And excuse my french, a flattening at the equator.
Do you know, my friend, when you hold something
and you keep twisting it,
you see this thing pulling away and creating force,
a centripetal force that wants to break free.
Your planet Earth also keeps rotating,
so it's center is like a spinning skirt,
the diameter keeps getting bigger,
until it creates a semi-oval shape,
because of the centripetal force.
This makes half of the Earth's diameter not equal everywhere.
This led to the Earth having protruding sides.
After all these great discoveries,
Newton gained extraordinary fame,
and all the locked doors began to open for him.
Newton became an important scientist, and his writings were important.
But, my friend, an obstacle emerged to Newton called Robert Hooke.
Do you remember, my friend, Robert Hooke of the cell
who criticized Newton for his explanation of white light?
He made him stop publishing for a while,
and was the same person sitting with Halley and Wren over coffee.
He told them he knew the secret of the movement and shape of the celestial bodies.
"But I won't tell you about it"?
He decided to speak now.
He accused Newton of taking the idea of the inverse square law from him.
Here, Newton decides that he won't publish the third and final volume,
From his book "Principia".
"You can all go to hell,
aren't you saying I'm a thief? then don't read for a thief,
see how you will you attract each other!"
Without the third volume, the first two volumes
would lose much of their importance.
But thank God, my friend, Halley for the second time,
accomplished the second greatest achievement in his life,
and convinced Newton to publish his book.
Thank God, the volume was about to be published,
when the Royal Society, that promised to publish the book,
withdraws from publishing it, "Because there is no profit from this."
"Of course, Abo Hmeed, they want to publish novels and story collections,
and translate some Colleen Hoover,
things like this, so that the average reader can read."
The truth, my friend, is that this is not true,
the association published the book "History of Fish",
the book was very successful, spread, and was a best seller.
"Frankly, We're not very convinced that a book like (Principia),
will be as successful as (The History of Fish)."
This book, my friend, was published with oil and lemon,
every reader who bought it would open it steamed,
there was no fixed price, it depended on its weight,
if you want to explain it to someone, you'd say "I'll piece it down"
That's it, my friend, so that the episode doesn't become stinky.
Newton at that time, my friend, was bankrupt
and did not have the ability to publish it at his expense.
But as usual in our story, Halley barged in
and published the book at his own expense.
Even though he was broke too.
Because, my friend, before that, he held the position of
secretary of the association of publishing,
who did not publish for Newton because there was no budget.
And instead, my friend, of paying him his money,
they gave him the rest of the money as books of "The History of Fish".
This is real.
Two years after the book was published, my friend,
specifically in 1689,
Newton was elected as a member of Parliament.
He spent many years in Parliament,
it is said that in all these years he had only spoken there once.
He only said one sentence, my friend,
"Guys, maybe someone can close the window, because it's cold."
This is real.
- "Abo Hmeed, wha...?" - No.
When you, my friend, look at the history of Newton,
you feel how strange the world is.
And yet, my friend, we are not finished.
Newton, my friend, is probably someone who tried to understand himself,
but found it difficult, so he understood the world easier,
understanding how celestial bodies move,
decomposition of light, and calculus,
he understood all that about the world.
In 1692, Newton suffered a severe nervous breakdown.
He left work at Cambridge University for two years.
This time, my friend, was spent studying optics,
but he did not publish these studies until 1704.
And the reason for this, my friend, is that he was upset,
he refused to publish his research until after the death of Robert Hooke,
which happened in 1703.
And after Hooke died,
Newton took his position.
He took his position in the Royal Society.
But before he took the position him, something happened.
The scientist Leibniz submitted a complaint to the Royal Society
and charged Newton with plagiarism,
that Newton stole calculus from him.
The problem here, my friend, is this was strange
because Newton was a member of the Royal Society,
and was on his way to be its president,
what's even stranger is that Newton himself was the one who investigated,
and submitted the requested report on the matter of this accusation.
Imagine, my friend, you are fighting with one of your university colleagues,
so you went to complain about him to the dean, but found out he was the dean,
and found himself innocent.
Of course, my friend, for historical accuracy,
Newton is actually innocent. He did not steal.
But, my friend, officially, in 1712,
it was officially announced that Newton is the father of calculus.
What mostly happened was that Newton and Leibniz
both reached calculus at the same time,
but each one alone.
"Okay, Abo Hmeed, why this greed?
one person takes the differentiation and the other takes the integration."
No one, my friend, likes to take integration to not forget the constant.
Newton, my friend, was the father of calculus,
and Leibniz the step-father of calculus.
Let me tell you, my friend, that no one fights with Newton emerged victorious.
Unfortunately, my friend, Newton did not only win that time,
but Newton also defeated Hooke.
Newton's arrival to this position made Hooke lose a lot.
Newton, my friend, because he hated Hooke so much,
he gave him a reaction exaggerated in magnitude
and opposite in direction,
to destroy his image.
Indeed, my friend, there was a portrait of Robert Hooke hanged in the Royal Society,
and Newton ordered it to be cut.
That's why, my friend, we don't have any pictures of Hooke.
We don't know how he looks like.
The picture that appeared now is not him.
All we received of him were two written descriptions of his appearance.
This was unlike most scholars of that period, whom we know what they look like.
Again, my friend, I am not saying this to belittle Hooke's achievements.
Hooke is a great scientist, but unfortunately, he played with fire.
Let me tell you, my friend, that in the past it was easy to counterfeit a coin.
We are talking about Britain in 1696.
The country was suffering from a financial crisis at that time.
But the Minister of the Treasury at the time found a solution to this issue.
He appointed Isaac Newton as Minister of the Mint,
here, Newton made some decisions,
which made it difficult for counterfeiters to counterfeit money.
Such as, for example, the weight of the coin itself.
After 9 years, my friend, of this
He obtained a recommendation from a friend
of the Secretary of the Treasury who appointed him,
commending his role as Minister of the Mint,
only for in 1705,
Isaac Newton received the title Sir.
Can you imagine, my friend? Newton didn't become a Sir
because of statics, dynamics, calculus,
optics, science, and all these discoveries,
nor the laws he made,
"Adjusted the weight of 10 cents? Come on, you're like Magdy Yacoub."
The idea, my friend, is that with time,
Newton began to distance himself from science more and more.
He felt that he had reached the highest level in science.
He became interested again in studying theology.
He tried to calculate the age of the world by calculating the ages of the prophets.
He believed that much of what he did
was more important than his scientific discoveries.
In this same period, approximately the year 1711,
Newton entered the world of stock markets.
Britain established the South Sea Company,
so that one can get rid of his debts.
The shares of this company were offered,
in exchange for money -when people would buy them-
that the government takes it and pays its debts.
Newton, my friend, was one of the people who bought shares in this company.
Indeed, the value of the stock increased 10 times, in a very short time,
Newton, my friend, did not wait and sold his shares.
He earned the equivalent of one million dollars at the time.
But, my friend, like any investor and anyone who bets, FOMO comes,
he felt that since it jumped 10 times higher,
maybe it could still rise again.
Especially, after he sold the shares, their price continued to increase.
He reproached his conscience, "Why didn't I waiting? Why wasn't I patient?
why don't I buy again since the shares are rising?"
This, my friend, is what made him sell 3 quarters of his properties,
and bought shares with it.
Suddenly, my friend, the bubble burst.
It's all gone, it's all lost, it's all broken, it's all changed.
The stock went down very, very, very low.
This was one of the first major economic bubbles,
known as the "South Sea Bubble",
Unfortunately, Newton lost much more than he gained.
In January 1725,
Newton's illness becomes very severe.
He left his work at the Mint and at the Royal Society.
He went to live in Cranberry Park with his niece and her husband.
On March 31, 1727,
after two days of extreme fatigue and delirium,
Isaac Newton bid farewell to the world.
And here, my friend, Isaac Newton, this eccentric person, dies.
Isaac Newton was then born again, living, lasting and, continuing
in the life and mind of everyone who is interested in understanding the world.
Isaac Newton's life, my friend, was not easy at all.
From the first time he opened his eyes to the world without a father,
to a mother who left him when he was 3 years old to get married,
and when she returned to his life, she decided to take him out of school.
A child who spent his childhood alone, isolated,
even when he was discovering a theory or explanation,
he kept it to himself, because people criticized him.
But when he decided to leave his fingerprint on the world,
he didn't only leave it on his desk at school.
Newton left his fingerprint everywhere in the world,
in physics, chemistry, astronomy, mathematics, and religion.
Open Grade 10's book, first semester,
the "The Exam" extra book,
on page 35, you will find Newton's first law.
It is reviewed in the review booklet, page 10.
Open Grade 12's dynamics book,
you will find Newton's laws of motion.
Open Grade 12's algebra book,
you will find Newton's binomial.
Open the calculus book,
on any page, because he created most of it.
He created the science itself not the book, my friend.
See how many people Newton influenced in their lives?
"Newton", the unit of force measurement, is named after him.
Einstein, the most famous scientist in the world,
hung a picture of him in his room, next to Faraday and Maxwell.
Newton, my friend, although he appears to be a madman,
and he really is -I think-
however, there was some humility in him.
In one of his letters to Robert Hooke, he said:
"If I could see farther than people,
this is because I stand on the shoulders of giants like you."
Just like that, my friend. You can also stand on giants like them,
in the old episodes and the new ones,
check the sources below, and subscribe if you're on YouTube.
On the occasion of the end of the episode,
let me tell you a traditional scientific joke:
Once Newton, Faraday, and Pascal
were playing hide and seek,
Faraday started counting, and all the scientists hid, except Newton.
He stood in his place,
and drew a square around him with a side length of one meter.
When Faraday finished counting,
he saw Newton and grabbed him.
Newton said, "Wait, you didn't catch me,
you caught a Newton per square meter,
you caught Pascal."
Do you know, my friend, what did Faraday say?
- "...You and Pascal!" - "What did I do?!"
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