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Plagiarism and You(Tube)

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- $337,000. Tell us the story briefly.

[tense music]

♪ ♪

HBOMB: In 1970 in "Analog" magazine,

Harlan Ellison and Ben Bova published

the short story "Brillo."

Ellison's one of the most famous writers in history,

but Bova's no slouch.

He soon became editor of "Analog" where he was beloved

and won the Hugo award

for Best Professional Editor six times.

This isn't one of his. He accepted this one on behalf

of George R.R. Martin, whose career he started.

George couldn't make it.

He was running a chess tournament at the time.

Writers used to have fun.

Now we just complain about Twitter.

On Twitter.

"Brillo" was about the world's

first robot police officer.

His name's Brillo 'cause Brillo pads

are metal fuzz. That's pretty good.

This is one of the earliest stories

in fiction about a robot cop-- a commonplace trope today,

and soon in real life.

It wasn't the first example.

The most famous earlier one would be Isaac Asimov's

"Caves of Steel." Remember this.

It will come up later.

Ellison and Bova thought the idea had legs

and decided to adapt it into a TV show.

They pitched the idea

to a few companies including NBC where

an executive named Terry Keegan said no.

They later showed "Brillo" to Paramount where

the head of development-- Terry Keegan--

he'd recently been hired there-- said no.

The same man passed on the same pitch twice

at two companies.

Clearly not a fan of the robot cop idea.

Six months later,

Terry Keegan sold a show called "Future Cop" to ABC.

It's a show about a robot cop.

- He's an android. A robot.

The perfect cop.

HBOMB: Our boys realize they've been ripped off.

- When I saw it I wanted to file immediately.

My attorney said, "Forget it, man."

He said, "90% of all plagiarisms suits,

"the plaintiff loses. Besides, these guys'll kill you.

You'll never work in this town again."

HBOMB: They spend years finding a lawyer willing

to sue a giant television conglomerate despite

the cost and the possibility of being blacklisted

from working in television.

In his deposition,

Keegan claims he never read "Brillo--"

an obvious lie.

It was later discovered the memos proving

he deliberately ripped them off had been burned.

The jury found in favor of Ellison and Bova

and awarded them $337,000 in damages--

about $1.2 today.

Ellison used some of the money to put up a billboard across

the street from the studio reading,

"Writers: Don't Let Them Steal From You!

Keep Their Hands Out of Your Pockets!"

Or at least he said he was going to in interviews

at the time and later journalism claims

it happened but I can't find any pictures which is a shame.

Either way, they still made off with all that delicious money.

Yum, yum.

- I've been waiting four years

for this moment--

four years-- to tell other writers

they can fight 'em and beat 'em.

- So.

What's all that about?

Okay, you know that trick video essayists use

where they open on a semi-related example

that sets the stage for the wider topic?

It's a classic. I do it all the time.

I wanted to open on a recent example

of a writer winning a plagiarism lawsuit

and getting their day in court.

But there isn't one.

This ancient case which took place over

a decade before I and statistically you

were even born is still the best,

most recent, and almost only example.

Ellison and Bova are among the few writers

to ever see financial compensation

for their work being stolen.

Oh, this always happens.

[grunts] [microphone arm clicking]

Testing, testing, one, two, three.

[snaps] For the foreseeable future,

if someone else on here steals your work for money,

there's not much you can do except talk about it.

A few years ago I made a video with some examples of plagiarism

and even covered a time I felt it happened to me.

The guy in question, "Lukiepoo" briefly posted

a ten-minute response accusing me

of overreacting before appearing to think better

of the whole thing and deleting this along with

the video copying me.

- I watched your video,

went through it piece by piece,

and copied it because you're such

an incredible YouTuber.

- Thanks, Luke. Apology accepted.

He has since rebranded his channel,

recognizing the irony in presenting himself

as a literal piece of shit,

but his videos are still awash with plagiarism accusations,

ripping off other YouTubers for hours at a time now.

The only new sections being stuff

about how homophobia's fine.

Maybe the rebrand was a little too soon.

But no authority took Luke's video down.

He could have left it up and people often do.

You can spend ages on a unique video with

an original idea and a way more popular guy

can rip it off along with its thumbnail,

get a bajillion views, and rake in the cash.

On YouTube if you have an original idea,

if it's good, it won't be yours for long.

The fact I'm making this video during one

of the biggest creative strikes in history isn't lost on me.

Other people's hands have never before been this deep in

the pockets of creators.

We need Harlan Ellison's billboard now more than ever,

but I don't know how to rent a billboard

and it sounds expensive.

So instead we're gonna talk

about plagiarism on YouTube,

what exactly it is, why it's wrong,

and the many unintended side effects.

Only then can we begin to talk about what

to do about it or at least what I'm going to do to try

to put some of it right.

I'm gonna use a few relatively well-known examples you might

have heard of already and some new ones I found just

for this video.

I could even ruin some

of your favorite YouTubers for you.

Apologies in advance. So, let's start some fights.

[upbeat music]

Part "eye"--Filip.

[static hissing] [snaps]

- What's goin' on, everyone?

Thanks for clickin' on the video.

HBOMB: Filip Miucin was a YouTuber

who reviewed Nintendo Switch games

and accessories and talked about Nintendo-related news.

His videos were surprisingly well-edited

and by that I mean they used way too many fancy transition.

I mean, they're not even hard to do.

You just drag and drop them on

your timeline and whoa!

But when he applied for a job at IGN,

his obvious mastery of a plugin everyone else also has

and existing channel with a decent size led

to him getting picked as their new Nintendo editor.

On August 6th, 2018 his review of "Dead Cells" went up onto

the official IGN YouTube channel,

but then on August 7th,

YouTuber Boomstick Gaming posted a video titled,

"IGN Copied my Dead Cells Review:

What do I do?"

He had noticed some similarities

between Filip's reviews

and his own published in late July.

HBOMB: Speaking of repetition, oh, my God.

The review was taken down while IGN investigated

the issue further and then later that day

confirmed he had been let go from the company,

but was this the first time Filip had done this?

Catching someone doing plagiarism is difficult

Someone has to notice the theft which means having

also seen the copied work.

And if it's anything obscure, that's quite unlikely.

If you catch someone plagiarizing once,

chances are they rolled those dice a few times before

and hadn't been unlucky yet.

People started looking through his other reviews

in case there was more.

Over at Kotaku,

Jason Schreier's article on the firing

was updated to mention an anonymous tip pointing out

similarities between Filip's review

of "FIFA 18" on the Switch and the one on Nintendo Life

by Chris Scullion.

Filips review was made for his personal channel

before he was even hired at IGN,

meaning he'd been doing this for a while.

Scullion himself would later post

a video comparing his review with Filip's,

showing off the many similarities,

and I'll link that in the description,

but I want to zoom in on my favorite example.

Filip tries to hide what he's doing

by changing words around and he does it really badly.

In his article, Chris says compared

to the non-Switch versions,

the graphics "are a good deal less detailed."

Here's Filip's version.

FILIP: However, when you get up close

and get a good look at some of the character models,

it's pretty clear that they do have

a good amount of less detail than the Xbox One

and PS4 versions of the game do.

HBOMB: "It's pretty clear that they do have

a good amount of less detail."

No one would ever write that sentence on purpose.

You only create that by trying to change something you stole.

There's a great example here of the deeper problems

that plagiarism can cause.

Filip's review contains false information,

for example here when he talks about

the game's Women's league feature.

"FIFA 18 comes with a standard Tournament

and Kick Off modes as well as the Women's League which

was officially introduced in "FIFA 16."

- There are no Women's leagues in FIFA 18.

There's Women's football but leagues

are specific real life organizations

that do not exist in the game.

Filip's plagiarism avoidance techniques caused him

to reword a sentence so badly that he invented a feature

that doesn't exist.

While these discoveries were being made,

Filip made the decision to record and post an infamous,

quickly-deleted video onto his channel entitled,

"My Response." Not an apology. A response.

- [exhales sharply]

HBOMB: Filip denied everything, took no responsibility,

and told numerous lies in this video.

At the time this was criticized heavily

by everyone for obvious reasons,

but looking back on it while trying

to understand this kind of behavior,

it's actually really useful.

This is worth looking at in a discussion of plagiarism

because by being so poorly thought out,

it's actually a valuable insight into how people react

when they're caught and the different ways they try

to cover their ass.

When someone more competent

than Filip uses these techniques

in a subtler way,

we can recognize them for what they are.

Thanks, Filip!

- There were a lot of circumstances surrounding it,

but at the end of the day,

I was the editorial lead on it so if anything,

that makes it my responsibility.

HBOMB: He claims there was a complicated process

to making the review with lots of "circumstances."

The point is to make you wonder what really happened

so you forget what happened.

Another way of doing this is to be passive about

the events so it's almost like they happened to him instead

of being something he did.

- Like I said, I take full responsibility

for what happened with the "Dead Cells" review.

- Filip doesn't say,

"I take responsibility for what I did with my review."

He passively takes responsibility

for what happened with "the" review.

When someone tries to use language

to imply what they did happened by magic,

they make it pretty clear they're trying to deceive you.

- I try to look at all resources that I have available to me

before I start formulating my own critical opinions

so that I can offer

the most cohesive possible review.

The bottom line is that what happened with

the "Dead Cells" review was not at all intentional.

HBOMB: Even if whatever happened,

it was an honest mistake of some kind,

but the problem is honest mistakes

are easy to explain.

Dishonest mistakes leave proof behind.

Filip didn't unintentionally write

a very similar review because he watched another one.

He copied their words exactly and changed some

of them to try to hide it.

Hearing Filip try to pretend this isn't

what he did means we're not just dealing with a plagiarist.

We're dealing with a liar who has more to hide.

Filip's next lie was he had nothing more to hide.

- I was lucky enough to get noticed on IGN

through my YouTube channel which,

if in case you're wondering,

is in fact all of my own original work.

HBOMB: A truly amazing defense there.

Even if it did happen-- which it didn't--

it only didn't happen once.

But the goal is to preserve what's left

of your reputation by getting people

to stop looking for more.

This behavior goes hand-in-hand with

a special anger directed at the people who are looking.

- So you can keep looking, Kotaku, and please let me know

if you find anything, which, by the way,

their--their news editor Jason Schreier tried

to imply that my "FIFA 18" review

was also inauthentic by claiming that I copied it

from Nintendo Life, and that's--

that's just so not the case.

I mean, maybe he was implying that

if you have similarly opinionated reviews,

then you're just plagiarizing,

or maybe he's just trying to get as many clicks

off of my name right now as possible,

or maybe he just likes kicking people when they're down.

I don't know. I mean,

check it out for yourselves and--and you be the judge.

HBOMB: He's referring to how Jason updated

his article to include that anonymous tip.

Filip accuses him of deliberately attacking him

for attention by reporting what he has done.

The section about how absurd it is to suggest

he copied Scullion's "FIFA" review

is probably why Scullion made his video in the first place.

It begins by showing this clip.

Bit of an own goal, there.

Uh, by the way, Filip, that's a--that's a football pun.

Filip is using the reporting on him

as a bid to gain sympathy.

"Yeah, I did something bad, but really,

the bad guys are the people trying

"to see what else I did.

Not me, the guy who did all of it."

This tactic takes a more direct form.

- But one thing that I do know is that it's not very fun being

the target of a gigantic lynch mob

who wants nothing more than to feed into your destruction.

The amount of hate and threats that I've been receiving

on social media have been pretty staggering,

and I get it. I mean,

people are mad, and rightfully so,

but it's one thing to go and harass me--

berate me with hateful words and--and threats,

and it's a whole other thing to look up my family members

and spread hateful comments on their social media accounts.

That's just-- that's just not okay.

I mean, not on any level.

HBOMB: Obviously, no one deserves

to have their family members threatened over their plagiarism

and there is a valid conversation

to be had here about how we treat people who we believe

to have done something wrong,

and it's really unpleasant seeing someone try

to weaponize that and use

it as a shield against criticism.

He just got done shit talking a journalist and trying

to make him the bad guy,

and lying about the "FIFA" review.

Scullion has spoken about receiving

a lot of abuse from Filip's fans during

this period as a direct result of Filip lying like this--

another potential reason he had to make that video.

If you talk about harassment without being cognizant

of the harm you are causing to others right now,

you clearly don't give a shit about

the problem you just brought up.

Filip really didn't help his case by making

a "Columbo" villain "bet you can't prove it" speech.

"You can keep looking, Kotaku,"

was an especially silly thing to say since obviously

people did keep looking.

Many more examples came to light.

His "Fire Emblem Warriors" video was mostly reworded

from one on Nintendo Wire.

FILIP: Decimating mobs upon mobs of enemies with

the simplest of combos and tearing through forts

and mini bosses with some of the most flashiest

and stylistic special attacks.

HBOMB: Most flashiest?

His "Samus Returns" review was stolen from Engadget

and his "Bayonetta 2" review from Polygon,

and Jason Schreier seemed weirdly invested

in reporting on all of it.

In several videos Filip just copied text directly

from Wikipedia or other related wikis.

FILIP: "Super Mario Odyssey's" theme

is highly focused on surprises and travel...

[speech played at rapid speed] And the developers incorporated

many of their travel experiences around the world.

For instance, elements of the Sand Kingdom were derived

from Kenta Motokura's experiences during

a trip to Mexico, and the Luncheon Kingdom's

food aesthetics was inspired by Italy

and other European countries.

[speech played at normal speed] The developers recognized

that when traveling to foreign countries,

something that really has an impact

is the different currencies.

All of my own original work.

- On October 10th, the apology video disappeared,

along with 901,000 views worth of other videos

from Filip's channel.

For a small YouTuber this means

a lot of videos getting privated

or deleted all at once.

This is actually another important tactic

that plagiarists use to try and hide as much

of the evidence as possible.

Filip has successfully hidden the extent

of what he actually stole in his YouTube videos.

Many of Filip's videos are now considered lost media,

referenced in articles about the plagiarism

or in videos showcasing it but not as actual copies

that you can watch.

This is obviously no big loss

but it sucks for me that there's not many archived copies

of some of these videos because, like, now I have nothing

to cut to as reference footage.

It's just now I just have

to stand on my set and talk to you.

His article about "Octopath Traveler"

is a fucking doozy.

It steals a bunch of shit directly

from Jeremy Parish's review at Polygon,

and let me just say, buddy,

if you can barely string a sentence together,

people are gonna know something's up

when you're suddenly using words like "extrudes."

When this was discovered, Parish tweeted,

"Dang, I got extruded right into the middle of a scandal,"

which is probably the funniest thing

to come out of all this.

But that's not the only thing

he stole from this one article.

It also plagiarized one of his coworkers at IGN.

Words from Seth Macy's video review

of the game made it in, too.

Here's some clips from Macy's video.

SETH: Both it's battle system and aesthetics

pay loving tribute to the Super NES era while--

This isn't merely a modern retread

of past classics,

but a phenomenal homage with genuinely fresh ideas

in a fantastically charming wrapper

of old school meets new.

HBOMB: Seth was especially shocked by this,

it seems like,

and it's not hard to imagine why.

To take game criticism

and writing original material seriously only

to have someone a cubicle over take a hatchet

to your stuff and collect a paycheck for it

is so deeply insulting.

Things were bad enough that IGN pulled

the plug on almost everything Filip ever made for the site,

just to be safe-- something I've never seen

an organization have to do before.

He even--and this is insane-- did a video explaining

the Nintendo Switch's HD rumble feature,

and his explanation is just stolen

from a fucking NeoGAF post.

FILIP: A normal rumble is just a motor which spins,

creating a vibration, right?

Well, HD rumble uses linear acuators similar

to Apple's haptic engine,

which is what they use

for the new Force Touch stuff

in the new iPhones and Apple Watches.

See, I believe that these are different in that they

are more likely weighted electromagnets.

HBOMB: You believe that? Holy shit.

He copied some text

from a forum directly into his script

and just read it out!

Why would you even do that? No, seriously.

That's the question we're trying to explore here.

Why do people plagiarize?

Filip is a great help in finding answers

to these questions because eight months after all

of this died down,

he released a second apology.

Well, arguably his first since he didn't really apologize

in the first one, but still.

- Hey, everyone.

I'm not here to make any excuses

or to try and justify my actions.

I'm only here to apologize to the people that I've wronged.

HBOMB: He says sorry directly to several of the people

he copied from,

but to avoid making himself look too bad,

he doesn't mention the forum post

or the time he stole from someone else at IGN

or a bunch of the other places.

He also doesn't apologize for denying everything,

pretending it was an accident,

or accusing specific journalists of being out

to get him by reporting on it.

I think this points to what this apology is actually about,

which is appearing more humble and honest to try

and repair his reputation.

Admitting to the truly embarrassing stuff

or the dishonest shit he said when he was caught

would just make him seem disingenuous.

It's hard to come off as honest if the apology includes lying

to your face in the past.

He wasn't done making excuses, either.

Two days later he uploaded a third apology.

- Hey, everyone.

HBOMB: I'm getting déjà vu from these videos now.

In this video he tried to explain why he did all this.

He had insecurities about the quality of his writing

and his fear of disappointing people.

- [exhales sharply] I felt pretty confident

with my video editing skills and my abilities

to create visually appealing content

but I wasn't always confident with my abilities as a writer.

[exhales sharply]

And when I got that big break

with this awesome gaming company

my insecurities were amplified by, like, ten million,

because the audience was bigger

and the expectations were higher.

I really wanted to do well but I was also really scared

of saying the wrong thing or putting out a bad review.

HBOMB: Now, maybe it's because he's lied before

and still wasn't owning up to the extent of what he did,

but I simply do not accept this as the reason.

Lots of people have anxiety about their writing.

In fact I'd say most writers do.

Not many of them handle it by stealing,

so anxiety and pressure feel like an easy excuse.

From seeing almost all of Filip's videos--

I feel comfortable in calling myself

a Filip scholar at this point--

I can tell you for a fact that he

is bad at making videos.

He thinks cinematic transition packs equal good editing

which is the reddest possible flag,

but even in terms of basic content,

the videos are just bad.

His earliest videos are just news about

the then-upcoming Nintendo Switch,

or stuff like the top five ways to play the Switch--

a console that no one can play.

- The single Joy-Con method,

and it's probably gonna be the least preferred way

to play the Nintendo Switch.

When the Switch was out he branched out

into reviewing accessories like carrying cases and stuff

and doing unboxing videos.

Some videos are just summarizing Nintendo press releases.

This is the literal definition of "content."

It's like it got squeezed out

of a Nintendo-branded tube somewhere.

It's the most "how do you do fellow kids" energy

I've ever seen coming out of a 28-year-old man.

So he started doing the most egregious audience

growth tricks for dummies you can imagine,

like constantly having giveaways for subscribers.

Filip's following didn't grow organically

from people liking him or his work.

Those people don't exist.

It grew from offering free shit if you subscribe.

But I'm gonna give Filip some credit here

and say at some point he recognized correctly

that he didn't know what he was doing.

I mean, if it's obvious to me watching them

it must have been obvious to him making them, right?

So what do you do if you know you won't get ahead

without copying someone better?

You copy someone better.

And I'm not even talking about plagiarism here.

Even the stuff that isn't stolen is derivative.

There's this one guy called NihongoGamer who's done

some pretty useful tech reviews and one of them

was of an arcade fighting stick for the Switch.

It did surprisingly well and he gives it

a proper workout as someone who clearly knows their stuff

with fighting games. A few weeks later,

Filip coincidentally decided to review the same thing,

but Filip isn't a fighting game aficionado

so his live game play footage is him playing "Sonic"

and, uh, "Mario Kart,"

making this review functionally useless

as a controller made for fighting games,

but NihongoGamer also in the same video reviewed

this Switch holder that looks like

a little arcade machine.

Filip coincidentally is also reviewing one

of these in his video.

NIHONGOGAMER: This game is so much better now.

FILIP: This makes this game so much better.

- This isn't even plagiarism.

It's just strange.

Filip didn't know how to build an identity of his own

so he just borrowed the style and content of successful videos

in an extremely cynical way.

He didn't make these videos for the fun of it,

or because he cared about making them.

It was always just about chasing success by any means necessary,

and when that didn't work out,

he just borrowed even more directly

and got into this mess.

In a fairly recent interview,

he's described himself during this period

as having imposter syndrome,

but that's wishful thinking, isn't it?

There's a difference between having imposter syndrome

and being an imposter.

Objectively speaking,

Filip pretended to be a reviewer and critic

while actually just being a thief and a liar,

but I think it's possible to reverse engineer

this falsehood and arrive at its core truth.

The explanation lies in a little thing he said

in apology number three.

I consider it the most meaningful thing Filip

has ever said.

It's not true, but it's meaningful.

- [exhales] So I took from sources

who I trusted and respected and--

and I agreed with and I tried to change them in a way

that I would say it.

- Filip claims he sought out reviews

from other people he respected to steal and learn from,

but, to be blunt,

who the fuck is Boomstick Gaming?

When this happened,

Boomstick's channel had just over 10,000 subscribers.

Barely anyone had any idea he existed.

And look at the other places he copied from.

Mostly random web sites, niche gaming outlets,

fucking forum posts.

If you consider something so obscure

you can get away with stealing it,

you do not respect it.

Filip copied these people because he thought

what they were doing was beneath respect.

Remember "Caves of Steel?"

I told you it'd come up again, you little bastard.

You better not have forgotten.

In the lawsuit between Ellison/Bova

and the studios,

one tactic the studios used

was to accuse them of being the real plagiarists--

of ripping off "Caves of Steel" when they were writing "Brillo."

The problem is these writers were all friends who knew

and respected each other so they could ask Isaac Asimov

what he thought of that.

- So we went to New York.

I've known Isaac for 25 years, and, uh--

and Isaac in is deposition said,

"I've known Harlan for 25 years."

He said, "You don't steal from your friends."

HBOMB: It all sounds so simple when Isaac Asimov says it.

At the start I briefly mentioned one

of the many times someone's entire idea

and thumbnail have been copied.

The thief later flipped the thumbnail

and changed the color of his shirt. Amazing.

This guy's kinda notorious for stealing from people,

and there was a really notable encounter where

he made fun of a guy by joking

about how many subscribers he had.

This comes off as generic, former Vine star narcissism,

but it's difficult to ignore that he specifically steals

from people he considers beneath him,

having a lower number.

If you're not as important, your ideas are up for grabs.

In 2016 Melania Trump's speech

at the Republican National Convention

was found to have plagiarized one

of Michelle Obama's speeches

at the Democratic National Convention.

The audience hadn't seen a speech given

at the other convention so none of them noticed

but the media did later.

The question going unasked at the time, at least for me,

was, "Why Michelle Obama?"

Her speech about hope and dignity and respect

and dreams had nothing to do with being a republican.

They hate that shit.

Why didn't the writer rip off

a Nancy Reagan speech

about killing the poor or locking up black people

for using the drugs her husband game them?

Well, plagiarizing another republican

would annoy republicans whose opinion

the writer actually cares about.

If you respect someone, or want their respect,

you generally don't risk a fight with them

by jacking their shit, but if you don't like someone,

stealing is almost like getting one over on them, isn't it?

No one was ever fired or seemingly punished

in any way for stealing a speech and pretending they wrote it,

and that's because none of these people give

a shit about Michelle Obama.

They're probably glad it happened.

If you broke into Obama's house

and stole some of his silverware,

most speakers at this convention would pay you a cash prize.

Plagiarism is an insult,

and don't people love to insult their enemies?

Here's something petty I should have forgotten about but didn't.

When Lukiepoo made his short-lived video response,

while defending himself on the grounds he actually got

the idea from someone on Twitch who saw my video--

and they're definitely real--

he still took the time to explain that he also

didn't like I criticized right-wing YouTubers he

was a fan of.

- I thought Hbomber

was a relatively decent video creator.

I disagreed and didn't like some of the stuff he did,

like when he went after Sargon of Akkad

and some other YouTubers.

HBOMB: This sat with me.

Why was it so important for him to signal

his allegiances like this?

I think the point was to make his theft an act

in a larger culture war.

Even if he did rip me off, I'm the bad guy.

I don't deserve to be treated properly,

so if anything, it's good if he did.

You don't steal from your friends.

You steal from the guy who made fun of Daddy.

- At this point I'm convinced

the only thing Hbomberguy needs more

than a testosterone shot and some estrogen blockers

is a lesson in humility.

HBOMB: Okay, where does--

and I mean this as a compliment--

the most fuckable twink I've ever seen in my life

get off telling me how to manage my T-levels?

Is he speaking from experience?

The way Filip pivoted when caught

to attacking his accusers feels all too familiar to me

as someone who has received the same treatment

from someone like him.

There's this indignation to it.

"I'm better than you.

How dare you tell me not to steal?"

What's emerging here is a social element to theft.

Plagiarists seem to have this belief they

are better than their targets.

More important, more deserving of credit.

Better politics.

A better class of person.

Your ideas are wasted on you.

They'd be much better served in my videos.

Other games people looked down on what Filip did

with so much anger and people from IGN continued

to be aggressive at him for years afterwards

because they understand this instinctively.

His actions essentially said out loud he thinks games writing

is so worthless, it's okay for him to steal it.

The IGN crew are especially entitled

to be angry about Filip, though,

because he did really damage their credibility

When your company produces plagiarized stuff,

it damages people's faith in your institution

and its ability to not do that,

and it's really hard to get that good will back.

This leads us, as all things do,

to the Angry Video Game Nerd.

Part "E:" Cinemassacre.

The Angry Video Game Nerd is a popular series in whi--

I don't need to explain this!

AVGN made James Rolfe

a household name the world over,

in cool households.

Under the umbrella of his mostly one-man

production company Cinemassacre, James made other things, too.

One of these--and my favorite-- was "Monster Madness,"

where every October James would release

a video every single day about an old horror or monster movie.

I used to rewatch these whenever I was hung over in university.

It always made me feel way better.

There's an infectious positivity to hearing someone share

something they genuinely enjoy. Good stuff.

As the years went on and he got busy

with other projects and having children--

I mean, his wife had the children.

You get it-- "Monster Madness" took

a backseat. Some years he only made

a few new ones. The guy was busy,

or maybe he lost interest in a project he'd done

for over a decade at that point,

and that's fair enough,

but then Screenwave got involved.

For people with better things to do,

Screenwave Media is a YouTube network-

slash-influencer-agency thing

who work with various YouTubers,

helping them produce content

by editing their videos for them,

assisting with writing, and helping them find sponsors.

They apparently work with a bunch of channels

in various forms,

but they work especially closely

with Cinemassacre.

The writing and editing of the AVGN videos

became different and weird like someone else

was doing those parts.

The channel started making new types

of video which were like James standing kind of awkwardly in

the corner while Screenwave employees discussed a movie.

There was a Cinemassacre podcast

and James often just wasn't in it.

The guy whose channel it was became

an optional side character.

Oh, and everything became packed with sponsorships.

- If you don't know, Skillshare--

HBOMB: It got so bad,

episode 200 of AVGN is split into three videos

with separate sponsors purely because

they sold too many brand deals.

- Oh, we're gonna have to make the, uh,

episode 200 three episodes because

we sold too many brand deals and, uh, they didn't tell James.

Under Screenwave, "Monster Madness" became

a different beast.

They streamlined production by eliminating the writing.

It became James and a rotation of Screenwave employees

you don't know and James didn't seem

to know too well, either,

discussing the film and trying to come up

with something interesting on the spot for 15 minutes.

Some of these guys were basically ordered

to be on the show by their bosses

and seem uncomfortable being there,

which makes these being shot on a dungeon set fitting,

and you're constantly reminded why this was made at all.

JAMES: Available now, US only.

both: Release the Kraken!

HBOMB: The show certainly wasn't what anyone

had been watching it for,

and the creators appear to notice because

in April 2021,

it was announced "Monster Madness"

was coming back for real with the old style

of scripted videos featuring just James

and his short and simple voice over.

"Like the old days," but, you know,

with Screenwave's help, so not really.

Newt Wallen-- a Screenwave employee--

was enthusiastically tweeting about how he

had written 20 of the 31 videos himself,

with others writing the rest.

The whole point was it was a guy passionately sharing

his actual opinions,

but that guy wasn't writing them.

But some people were still excited.

It was a pandemic year. We were all indoors.

Not much else was going on.

JAMES: Be sure to check out

Cinemassacre's "Monster Madness: Around the World."

31 days, 31 countries.

October rolled around, and so did the first new video,

for the film "28 Days Later."

It was weird,

like James was reading something written for him,

which he was,

but what really stood out was what he was saying.

A guy who famously avoids politics

and serious real world events in his videos

suddenly started talking about how

the film reminded him of the horror of 9/11.

JAMES: And when seeing the film today,

and being put into that time period,

you can't help but think of 9/11

and all those TV images of ground zero

and Baghdad being devastated by war.

HBOMB: It didn't take long for people to start Googling

the words he was saying.

A user named Z-B-123 posted a thread on reddit showing

a huge portion of the video's script

was taken directly from a review in "Film Comment--"

a fairly well-known film criticism magazine--

by Dr. Cecilia Sayad,

who is currently a senior film lecturer

at the University of Kent.

Let's compare and contrast, shall we?

JAMES: Horror films are frequently interpreted

as allegories of our realities. HBOMB: Okay, that was quick.

JAMES: Their fantastic or supernatural elements

often spawn from symptoms of social and political tensions

in a specific era.

"28 Days Later" is set in

a post-apocalyptic Britain which has been devastated

by an epidemic that within seconds

can transform its victims into crazed cannibal killers.

[speech played at rapid speed] Following a car accident,

he wakes up from a 28-day coma.

Finding the hospital abandoned,

he walks out and wanders through

the empty London streets.

He finds that people have fled

the country after the outbreak,

but those who remain are either dead

or become the infected.

[speech played at increasingly unintelligibly rapid speed]

[speech played at normal speed] You can't help but think

of 9/11--

[speech played at increasingly unintelligibly rapid speed]

[speech played at normal speed] Order is born from chaos,

and then chaos is born from order.

- It was as if Professor Sayad's review

had been killed and brought back from the dead in

a new tainted form.

That's not how the zombies in "28 Days Later" work.

Okay, it was like her review was the Patient Zero

of "28 Days Later" review and it infected the...

This is pretty straightforwardly plagiarism.

The Angry video Game Nerd had just stolen

a film professor's review of a movie.

In true AVGN fashion, shit hit the fucking ceiling.

What was going on?

Initially, Justin Silverman-- the lead Screenwave guy--

claimed this was a result of a new person who

was helping accidentally mixing some notes into a script,

and this would be fixed soon

and all the other episodes were fine.

The "new person" thing isn't true.

The guy who did it had worked with Justin for, like, a decade,

but I can understand trying to protect someone's identity

if you believed they had just made a small mistake.

Justin updated the page the video was posted on

to say it was being corrected to remove

some accidental plagiarism, whatever that means.

So whoever did it,

they successfully convinced Justin this

was an accident, but it wasn't.

There's the telltale red flag of the awful writing you get

when someone who can't write tries

to rewrite something they copied.

JAMES: The movie starts with the usual tropes:

mankind's experiments go haywire resulting

in destructive results.

HBOMB: There's another way you can prove it wasn't accidental.

You know, the other excuse we've heard before,

how it just happened once

and the rest of the videos were fine?

They weren't fine. reddit user retired-fool went

on the website the videos were being hosted on

and found the second episode uploaded early.

Most of it was from a review on ScreenageWasteland.com.

JAMES: The movie opens with a shadowy figure

with multiple hand attachments who calls in "The Boys."

Four men from a government agency trying

to deal with an alien invasion in a small New Zealand town.

Peter Jackson plays dual roles of Derek and Robert,

who interact through

the use of creative camerawork and editing.

So Jackson handled acting, writing, directing,

cinematography, editing,

and special effects for the film.

Derek is perhaps the best character in the film.

He's bloodthirsty, clumsy, funny,

and a little too full of himself.

He spends a good portion of the film on his own

but Jackson manages it.

He's got a good sense of physical comedy

that comes in handy when Derek is dealing with a flap

of his own skull that keeps allowing pieces

of his brain to fall out.

"Bad Taste" is a gloriously gory entry

in the splatstick genre and a true cult classic.

Watching it today,

you can kinda see inklings of the kind

of films Peter Jackson would prove capable

of later on through the pacing, camerawork,

and sheer inventive energy.

HBOMB: So day two's video was also plagiarized.

The return of "Monster Madness" isn't going so well.

We know James didn't write this so who could it have been?

Was it perhaps the man who was just bragging

about writing most of them himself?

Uh, yes, it was.

The rest of the Screenwave guys looked

at the scripts and many more examples were discovered.

Justin confirmed several more were plagiarized

and Kieran--a video editor who later quit--

claimed in a live stream that all of them were.

- We went through all the scripts,

plagiarized them all. They had multiple--

like, every single thing was plagiarized.

They fuckin' plagiarized every single thing!

HBOMB: This is a tremendous amount

of blatant theft, if true,

but soon it became clear almost everything Newt did

and said was copied.

While I was looking for other stuff Newt made,

I saw he was one of the speakers at the Roast

of the Angry video Game Nerd in 2013,

and he was proud enough of this,

he uploaded his bit separately

to a channel he was involved with,

and just watching it without doing any serious checking,

several of the jokes from this jumped out at me immediately.

- Justin--I heard Justin was nervous before the show.

He couldn't figure out what he was gonna wear:

either honey glazed or pineapple slices.

[laughter]

HBOMB: This joke is taken

from a Gilbert Gottfried roast.

- She couldn't decide between the honey glazed

or pineapple slices.

- Brett Vanderbrook is so deep in the closet,

he's having adventures in Narnia.

HBOMB: This is a well-known joke

from a 2007 Jimmy Carr stand-up special.

- Come on, you're so far in the closet,

you're havin' adventures in Narnia.

HBOMB: People have been ripping this off for years.

Here it is posted in 2009 with many

of the comments remarking that it's old and stolen even then,

and this was almost half a decade before Newt stole it.

Here's an in-character Tyrion Lannister Twitter account

reusing it a few months before the roast in 2013.

I haven't seen the show or read the books,

so I'm just gonna assume they read Narnia there, too.

Don't correct me.

While I was researching this topic,

I found a reddit post collecting all

the places he stole from for this roast.

Obviously, there were a bunch.

When I found this I was worried people

would think I just got this from here.

I assure you I do my own research

and don't just read reddit posts.

As proof, they haven't found the source for the Narnia one,

so don't I feel special?

Unless Jimmy Carr got it from somewhere else, too.

He's already stealing from the British tax payer,

so I wouldn't be surprised.

Newt had just been very sloppily

taking shit for over a decade.

The guy was fired and from the sounds of things,

everyone's bitter about it,

especially the guys who had

to make new "Monster Madness" videos

to an insanely short deadline.

- And then we have to rewrite 20-something scripts

and re-edit them in--in-- in a week.

HBOMB: Even James Rolfe himself got involved.

He quite famously avoids talking

about controversial stuff like 9/11,

but there was enough confusion,

he saw fit to descend from his throne of gold

and put up an unlisted video explaining what happened.

- One of our writers had somehow added a portion

that was taken from a preexisting article.

That's unacceptable and all of us here apologize

for letting that sneak in.

HBOMB: He went with the story Justin did.

Some new guy pasted something wrong

and confused his notes into the script.

- The short story is somebody fucked up.

Somebody new.

HBOMB: I'm not sure if this

was recorded before this turned out

to be a lie or if they just decided

they didn't need to explain it to the public in detail,

and that's understandable, but either way,

it wasn't somebody new. It was somebody Newt.

That's your joke for this video.

Doing research, I found an interview with Newt about

a low-budget horror film he wrote.

However, the picture they used was Filip Miucin.

I have no idea how this happened but it's very funny.

For the creative people watching,

there's a kind of positive lesson here.

You might be mystified why someone would copy stuff

for a review.

Why is it so hard

to just write your opinions on something?

But it turns out writing a good review

is really difficult. For example,

I use the phrase "it turns out" more than once every video

by accident because I'm bad at it.

I'm not even joking. I've written "it turns out"

in the next section without realizing it.

That's how fuckin' bad I am.

Being able to write a good review

is a unique and difficult skill.

Creative people often have trouble recognizing

their skills as skills because eventually

they feel like second nature,

and they don't feel real and practical like building

a house or domming.

But it turns... in...

That this stuff actually is valuable.

If it wasn't, people wouldn't be stealing it.

Creativity doesn't feel super special or unique until

you realize people have to plagiarize it.

Oh, I accidentally bought this in size twink instead of bear.

[groaning]

"Oh, would you like some talcum powder with that, sir?"

"No, no, it's fine."

[groans]

Ow, oh!

Oh, I could ring--I could ring the sweat out from that

and probably sell it.

It's worth noting that even when

the plagiarism was cleared up,

the new videos are still weird.

The entire appeal of "Monster Madness"

was it was one guy passionately sharing his opinions.

If someone else wrote those opinions,

even if they're not stolen,

what exactly is the point?

James put this better himself a few years back before

this all began.

- I wanna make original films.

Lots of people say, "Well, get somebody to help."

Well, I can't get somebody else to write the review for me.

It's an opinionated thing.

Uh, imagine if it's somebody else's words

and they say, "This movie's great,"

and then I think, "Oh, well, this movie sucks."

So if I'm doing the review,

obviously I have to see the movie

and write the script. It's all me.

HBOMB: This is probably why he made a statement about this.

Most people watching would have assumed James wrote

the words he was saying,

especially since he'd been

so vocal about this before.

This is an insidious side effect

of plagiarism in larger operations.

It implicates the person reading the script,

not just its writer,

but here the plagiarism is just a symptom

of the direction Cinemassacre's videos have taken.

The unstolen ones are almost as strange as the stolen ones,

in the ways James once predicted.

You can only hand off so much of your work before

it stops being yours.

It feels weird to say this about videos where

a guy calls a game from 1992 a fuck stick,

but the magic is gone. These aren't videos anymore.

They're products.

Late-stage Cinemassacre is so low-effort,

the scripts have obvious grammatical errors

and James just reads them without even bothering

to change them.

JAMES: And it's with these survivors

that Jim will struggle to stay alive with.

HBOMB: These videos used to come

from a place of interest and care,

to entertain or share something.

Now they're made by a production line

for only one reason.

- Expressvpn.com/cinemassacre.

- Internet video as a business is at odds with internet video

as a medium, dare I say an art form.

Put the gun down.

The increased industrialization

of videos doesn't necessarily make

the videos better. Just easier to make.

But if you want to make as much money as possible

in the short term,

you cut those corners

and you make as much product as possible.

This gives me a chance to respond

to the most common question about plagiarism on

the internet which is, "Why should we care?"

Does it really matter in the grand scheme

if a review of "Octopath Traveler"

or "28 Days Later" is stolen? If you think that,

you should try extruding that logic a bit further until

it reaches the pain receptors of your brain.

Internet video isn't a silly playground

where teens pretend to be scared of horror games anymore.

It's a business.

There is real money to be made in this space,

or so the E-mails from the "World of Tanks"

guys keep telling me.

So it's definitely worth interrogating

the fact people's work is being exploited

in these money-making endeavors.

This issue will become relevant later,

and by later, I mean now.

If you want to maximize your profits

by making a video every other day,

how do you write that much material?

You don't!

Part "E"... lluminaughtii.

It's a pun. I--I don't need to impress you.

In 2021 when I was working on the "Vaccines and Autism" video,

I needed something to listen to in the background while I built

an Argos bookshelf,

so out of curiosity I put on other videos on the topic.

One of them was by a channel called iilluminaughtii

whose real name is Blair Zon.

I hadn't heard of her before.

She seems to do videos covering

multi level marketing schemes,

pyramid schemes, and failed businesses.

Stuff like that,

and she seems to make a lot

of them really quickly. I wonder how!

The video was fine.

My phone was several meters away and I couldn't be bothered

to reach out and get it and change the playlist

so it just kept going through her anti-vax videos,

and at one point, I did a double-take.

BLAIR: There was a joint inventor

on these products-- a man named Hugh Fudenberg,

a former immunologist who has been long controversial.

In 1989 he was caught up in a bizarre lawsuit

with the Food and Drug Administration

which told him he had to stop injecting

his autistic patients with blood products.

- I remember pausing, budget B&Q hammer in hand,

and thinking, "Haven't I heard this exact sentence before?"

- In 1989 he was caught up in a bizarre lawsuit involving

the Food and Drug Administration which told him he had

to stop inject his autistic child patients

with blood products.

- An interesting thing about the MMR scandal

is literally all of its big discoveries

can be attributed to the work of one man, Brian Deer,

whose years of diligent journalism

are basically why we know what we do about Andrew Wakefield.

His 2004 documentary "MMR: What They Didn't Tell You"

effectively "Berserk" Eclipsed Wakefield's career

as a legitimate doctor.

It's great and Brian uploaded it

to his own YouTube channel

for free in 2014 so anyone can go watch it.

This version has the time code burned in at the bottom

which is kind of cute,

but if you wanted to make your own video

about the subject and use that as source footage,

that's kind of annoying to look at,

so I spent, like, two full days of my life trying

to find a version without the time code,

and I finally found what I think is a copy

of the original broadcast from 2004.

Harrowing stories of child abuse do not pair well

with teasers for the TV premiere of "Moulin Rouge."

[lively music and cheering]

[tense music]

♪ ♪

BRIAN: When Dr. Wakefield launched

the MMR scare back in 1998--

- I used footage from Deer's documentary

in my video, explained how important it was,

thank Brian for all of his hard work,

and even recommended his book on

the subject that had just come out,

and he actually E-mailed my producer Kat

with metrics showing people actually did go out

and buy the book after seeing my video,

which is great. I love knowing that my audience

actually reads books. Thank you so much.

So, the reason the iilluminaughtii video

sounded so familiar was because I had just rewatched

that documentary.

- Then in 1995 he was suspended from practicing medicine.

BLAIR: Then in 1995 he was suspended

from practicing medicine.

- And made to pay a $10,000 fine

for his misuse and misprescribing

of controlled drugs.

BLAIR: And made to pay a $10,000 fine

for his misuse of prescribing controlled drugs.

BRIAN: Professor Fudenberg has long been controversial.

BLAIR: Hugh Fudenberg--

a former immunologist who

has been long controversial.

- Been long controversial?

So this is weird.

She wasn't quoting Deer.

She was saying his words out loud as if she wrote them.

So what's happening here?

Well, after the bookcase seemed to stand up on

its own despite all the pieces mysteriously left over,

I watched the video properly and noticed she does acknowledge

Brian Deer and the documentary pretty openly.

BLAIR: In 2004 Brian Deer came out

with a documentary entitled,

"MMR: What They Didn't Tell You."

- Blair watched a documentary and then downloaded it

and used it to make her own.

In the first 20 minutes she plays a chunk

of the documentary or just quotes it 25 times.

More than once a minute,

you're hearing something Brian Deer said,

from his mouth or hers.

So this video is lazy.

I'm personally insulted that she just used the version

of the documentary from Deer's YouTube channel

with the time code burned in.

That's--that gets to me a little bit after

the effort I put in,

but that doesn't make it plagiarism.

It's just not very good.

And, hey, it's not like this is her one source.

She quotes a lot of other places, too.

Or does--

Here's some of the times she quotes

someone else in the video.

Wow, look at all this research she must have done.

One thing, though.

What's the source for these quotes?

Okay, we need to talk about how to cite a source for a second.

If you watch any non-iilluminaughtii video essay,

You'll see these pretentious little commies put

some text in the corner telling you where

their quote comes from.

This is so you know what they're quoting

so you can check it or go find it

and learn more if you want,

and to give proper credit to the people

whose ideas or knowledge they're borrowing.

If you're using someone else's words

in a video you intend to make money off,

it's very important to give proper credit

and attribution.

Listing where the quote is from

is important not just so it's easy for people

to find and verify it

but it's useful context

which helps people interpret what they're seeing.

If someone showed you a quote that made a person look bad

you might feel a bit cheated if they didn't mention

its source is a blog by someone you've never heard of

that doesn't exist anymore.

I have a little rule for quoting that other creators seem

to use as well.

If someone saw a clip

of your video out of context,

would it be possible for them to tell you're quoting someone

and where it's from?

Blair for some reason doesn't cite her sources.

Here's a part where she quotes Andrew Wakefield.

BLAIR: Wakefield also stated,

"Mumps, measles, and rubella together might

be too much for the immune system

of some children to handle.

HBOMB: I love there's a tiny Andy there for some reason.

But not saying where he said this

is pretty bad citation,

but this isn't a mistake.

Blair is hiding the source on purpose for a reason.

You see, this quote is from the same documentary again.

Brian Deer plays a clip of Wakefield saying it

at a conference.

- Measles, mumps, and rubella given together

may be too much for the immune system

of some children to handle.

- Why didn't she just play the clip?

She had it downloaded.

Well, because she's already played so many clips

from this documentary, it looks ridiculous.

So she started quoting it and just not telling you

she's quoting the one thing she watched.

I wonder where all the other quotes come from.

BLAIR: And more still,

nurses were leaving saying

they don't like what's being done.

- Nurses were leaving and saying they didn't like

what was being done to these children.

BLAIR: It needed three people to hold these kids down...

- ...in some cases just to have blood taken.

both: I feel very sorry for the children

who I feel were being abused.

BLAIR: This study had in fact begun with a contract

from a group of solicitors...

- ...who were trying to sue MMR manufacturers

BLAIR: Chadwick said he'd hoped the ordeal when it hit the news

would die its own death. - ...Would die its own death.

BRIAN: It includes injecting mice

with measles virus--

BLAIR: He injected mice with measles.

BRIAN: Extracting their white blood cells--

BLAIR: Extracted their white blood cells--

both: And injected the stuff into pregnant goats.

- This is amazing!

She just quotes people from this one documentary

and pretends she did any work.

Eventually she stops bothering to even make it look like

a quote and just starts saying Brian Deer's words out loud,

and that's how the stuff at the beginning happened.

She got so lazy she stopped bothering

to pretend she wasn't copying the documentary.

both: In 1989 he was caught up in a bizarre lawsuit

with the Food and Drug Administration

which told him he had to stop injecting...

- His autistic child patients... - His autistic patients...

both: ...with blood products.

Then in 1995 he was suspended from practicing medicine

and made to pay a $10,000 fine for his misuse

of prescribing controlled drugs.

- "MMR: What They Didn't Tell You"

has been chewed up and spat back into your mouth

like you're a little baby bird. Mmm.

[mimics rapidly chewing]

My favorite part is when some

of what she's saying appears in quotes for some reason,

attributed to "Lawsuit with FDA."

Like, no, Brian Deer said that.

Blair: He established a scientific system

that would satisfy Wakefield and Pounder for testing--

HBOMB: And Pounder? Wait a second. Who's Pounder?

This Pounder guy never comes up again in the video.

She brings him up here by mistake because

she's paraphrasing another section

of the documentary.

BRIAN: He established

a scientifically valid system

that would satisfy Dr. Wakefield and his head of department

Professor Roy Pounder.

HBOMB: Roy Pounder is an important character

in the story. Blair has cut him out completely

to save time but she accidentally kept

this one reference.

This makes the copying kind of blatant.

She's referencing a guy who exists in the documentary

and not her video.

Obviously stealing someone else's words

is plagiarism but on a more zoomed out level,

so is copying an entire documentary

and trying to hide it.

Like, obviously there's something wrong here.

Here's a hint.

If you're trying to trick people

into thinking you're not quoting

the thing you're quoting,

you're probably doing plagiarism.

But here's where it gets interesting.

Blair knows people might notice this

so she's come up with a defense mechanism.

The video has a link in the description

to a list of sources where stuff she quoted or showed in

the video gets linked. This is normal.

Lots of people do this,

although usually they cite them when they use them in

the actual video, but still.

It's an unlabled collection of links that's difficult

to sort through, but if you keep digging,

eventually you find the link to Brian Deer's YouTube upload

of the documentary.

So now if anyone criticizes

the fact she ripped it off,

she can say, "No, I--I was using a source! I cited it!

Check! It's in my list!"

"Somewhere!"

And she uses this flimsy excuse

to basically steal anything she wants.

Blair frequently plagiarizes people,

never mentions they exist in the video

or cites them anywhere,

but she puts a link in a list no one will read.

So that makes it okay, right?

The video we've been talking about so far

is the second in a series of three about Andrew Wakefield.

Here's part of the first one where she talks about

his early career.

BLAIR: He became a fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons

in 1985 and a year later was awarded

a Welcome Trust traveling fellowship

to study small intestine transplantation

in Toronto, Canada.

- Let me ask you real quick.

Is she quoting a source right now?

I mean, no. It's just stock footage.

So clearly she wrote this part, right?

No, she's just reading an article from "The Telegraph."

BLAIR: He became a fellow of the Royal

College of Surgeons in 1985 and...

[speech played at rapid speed] ...a year later was awarded

a Welcome Trust traveling fellowship

to study small-intestine transplantation

in Toronto, Canada. Dr. Wakefield returned

to the UK in the late 1980s where he began

to devote more time to research.

HBOMB: Oh, no, there's more.

[speech played at rapid speed] BLAIR: Joining the Royal Free

Hospital in London he worked on the liver transplant program

and in 1996 began researching bowel disorders, autism,

and the MMR vaccine.

HBOMB: The average person watching this

is being led to believe Blair wrote

the words she is saying here.

This is called plagiarism.

The audience has no way of knowing she's actually

reading them the fucking newspaper.

But the article she plagiarized is in the list of sources.

So we already know what the excuse will be.

It wasn't plagiarism.

She was just quoting a source.

Without telling you.

I'm imagining an alternate universe

where Filip and Newt's videos just had a little Pastebin link

at the bottom which goes to all the stuff they stole.

Like, as if that would make it okay.

This is just plagiarism but with a shitty excuse

in her back pocket to create plausible deniability.

The intent behind this is pretty clear.

iilluminaughtii videos are, like, 90% quotes by volume.

The part where she plagiarizes "The Telegraph"

is in a five-minute sequence mostly consisting

of quotes from other places.

BLAIR: More research groups

with more sophisticated techniques failed

to confirm Wakefield's findings.

Wakefield was actually born into a family of doctors in 1957.

His mother was-- ...This data led us

to prostulate that there may be

a role for measles infection and Crohn's disease even if...

[voice over talking over each other]

- Seriously, huge chunks of the video

are just reading entire screenfuls

of text from the BBC, various papers,

"Slate," "The Telegraph", and Brian Deer.

Yeah, she actually quotes Brian Deer in this one. Wow!

But this makes the videos boring.

She's just reading pages of quotes at you.

So to break up the screens of text

and make it feel more original,

Sometimes she doesn't tell you

she's reading someone else's words.

She's doing plagiarism out of embarrassment

to make the videos less boring.

When I think a video is being lazy,

I do a little test.

I check what sources the video used--

thankfully Blair provided a list--

and I compare it with the sources you would get

if you went to the Wikipedia page

for the topic.

All of the quotes in

that five-minute sequence I mentioned,

including the "Telegraph" article she plagiarized,

are just linked on Wakefield's Wikipedia page.

Oh, I know how this video was researched.

This is a really common trick with lazy creators.

Go on Wikipedia and quote all of their sources,

and then it looks like you did a bunch of research and work.

And to make it even better,

she pretends she had to look for this stuff.

BLAIR: Other studies have suggested

there may be a link to Crohn's and Measles,

just not Wakefield.

I was able to find a different study

from the National Library of Medicine that's more recent.

- "I was able to find?"

I mean, I guess I'm glad you were.

One of the lights went off. Hold on a second.

I'm not sure everyone is fully convinced

that quoting a documentary for 30 minutes while pretending

you're quoting someone else counts as plagiarism.

"I mean, it's a bit weird, but she cited it as a source.

So technically it's fine."

I see you, you little pedant.

You think you're so fucking clever, don't you?

But the fact she's trying

to pass off other documentaries' work

as her own is obvious when you realize

if you didn't know the source material,

You would have no idea she was doing this.

To test this theory,

I decided to watch a video of hers

on a subject I knew next to nothing about:

the Fyre Festival,

which I've really not looked into before.

BLAIR: It was no isolated island,

but an under-developed lot just north of a Sandals resort.

- At first glance the video is surprisingly well-researched

with plenty of backstory and explanations.

According to Maryann Rolle--

a local that owns an Exuma Point Restaurant--

they had every living soul on the island of Exuma

who could lift a towel working.

HBOMB: Lots of it is just quotes, of course.

She's still just quoting people mostly,

but the fact there's so many quotes makes

it feel well-researched and credible.

BLAIR: One of these people was Keith Vanderlaan--

a pilot in charge of flying Billy around

the Bahamas. According to Keith,

"Billy's team really wanted to do--"

[speech played at unintelligibly rapid speed]

- And once or twice,

Blair brings up one of the documentaries about

the Fyre Festival and mentions something that happens in them.

BLAIR: Later in a documentary around the event,

Billy himself claims that they had rented 250 houses.

- She makes it very clear what her source for that section is.

This all seems very above board.

And at the end Blair says those two documentaries

were some of the sources she used for her video.

BLAIR: I used both the Hulu and Netflix documentaries

as sources for this episode as well as various articles.

- I think it's fair to say an average person

would think they were watching an original work

with lots of research and sources

which tastefully brings up two documentaries when necessary.

And that's what I thought, too, and I thought that was fine.

It was a pretty well put-together video.

But then I watched "Fyre,"

the Netflix documentary about the Fyre Festival.

- And what I realized was that they had rented an area north

of Sandals Resort.

BLAIR: It was no isolated island,

but an underdeveloped lot just north of a Sandals resort.

- And then effectively Photoshopped out

the bottom portion of the map to make it look like

they were on a deserted island.

BLAIR: They were Photoshopping out the rest of the island

to make it appear as if Fyre K was a deserted island dedicated

to the event.

According to Maryann Rolle--

a local that owns an Exuma Point Restaurant--

they had every living soul on the island of Exuma

who could lift a towel working.

MARYANN: They had every living soul

on the island of Exuma who could lift a towel working.

BLAIR: According to Keith,

"Billy's team really wanted to do tents so what I did..."

KEITH: Is I took my wife and we tried to sleep

in a tent for one night and, uh,

it was so terrible.

- Her Fyre Festival video is mostly her reading words

from the Fyre Festival documentary on Netflix set

to footage she got from the Fyre Festival

documentary on Netflix,

with supplemental footage taken

from the Fyre Festival documentary that's on Hulu.

But don't worry. Her first source in her list

is the Netflix documentary so that makes it okay, right?

And then further down in the list is the Hulu one,

although fucking hilariously, she doesn't link it on Hulu.

She links it on 123films.cc,

the piracy web site she watched it on.

Now, this is journalism! Yee-haw!

BLAIR: Calvin claims he then went

to the Bahamas for himself

to see what was going on and discovered that

the luxury festival tents were nothing more

than leftover emergency relief tents from Hurricane Matthew.

HBOMB: Apparently this part is from Calvin Wells.

Uh, no, it's from the same documentary

she got everything else from.

CALVIN: One of the things that really struck out to me

was that they were erecting these dome tents

that were pitched as luxury villas

that I realized were leftover hurricane tents

from Hurricane Matthew.

HBOMB: The footage playing while she is saying this

is the same footage the documentary's showing

as Calvin says it.

She's just replaced the documentary's voice over

with herself quoting the documentary.

It's ridiculous.

Quoting documentaries you pirated

for 30 minutes while pretending you're just quoting

specific individuals is plagiarism.

To give an example of how to do these quotes correctly,

here's a "New Republic article that quotes one

of the things Blair did.

"As one caterer put it in Netflix's 'Fyre.'"

It's clear and to the point.

The article isn't trying to look like

it found this quote.

Blair could have said, "In the Netflix documentary,

this person says this."

But she'd have to say that 50 fucking times,

and it would make it obvious

she's just remembering Netflix at you,

so she deliberately obscures the actual source of her quotes.

This is to convince a casual audience

she found these herself by doing actual research

and reading articles and interviews

with these people, which she didn't.

This is passing off the work that went into making

the documentary as her own.

When she brings up the other documentaries

as if she's only just talking about them.

This is a lie to make you think

she hasn't been doing it the whole time.

BLAIR: According to Marc Weinstein,

a festival consultant--

HBOMB: A metric shit ton-- actually, slightly more--

an imperial shit ton of this video

is just footage from the Netflix documentary.

Seriously, you can't even fucking take your own screenshot

of these articles? What the fuck?

This isn't even plagiarism.

This is genuinely just copyright infringement.

Like, the copyright holder could get

this video taken down easily,

and maybe even take her to court for the ad revenue

she got from their footage.

You know YouTube's copyright system where if you use

five seconds of the wrong TV show

your video is demonetized?

You're probably wondering

why that didn't happen here.

This is what the content ID system

actually exists to stop, after all.

Well, this is why the video has all these ugly filters.

What Blair is doing is so obviously stealing

that YouTube would notice so she had

to put bisexual lighting over all

the footage she got from the documentary.

Whoever's making these videos is fully aware

what they're doing is unacceptable

and is purposefully working around

the systems designed to stop them doing it.

Blair doesn't just reuse other people's footage

without credit, though.

The video has also been edited

to hide the credit that was there.

The Fyre documentary itself used videos posted

on Instagram and Twitter by people

who attended the event, and guess what?

It credits them.

Their social media's in the corner.

Blair's video steals this footage

from the documentary, too, and puts a filter over it

but also blurs out the social media.

She uses a few clips from a Vice video as well

and the Vice logo gets blurred out

so you can't tell where it's from.

Since Blair's making a documentary out

of other people's documentaries without permission for money,

she's trying to hide the evidence

of whose footage she's using so they don't notice

and serve her a fucking cease and desist.

Incidentally, when the Vice video uses footage

from the documentary, it tells you,

because this is how this shit is supposed to work.

At one point she uses a clip of a news piece about

the festival which used footage from the documentary

and you'll notice they also correctly credit

the footage, too.

Blair's sources are full of examples

of how to credit the source.

But if she'd done the same thing,

the word Netflix would just be in the corner for 30 minutes.

The video's opening features this fan art depicting

her bro fisting with a person I believe

she recently sent a cease and desist to.

Put this on r/agedlikemilk.

This piece of fan art is better attributed

than the documentary she stole this video from!

The 25 minutes of clips and quotes from Netflix

don't get this treatment. She just says,

"Oh, I used these documentaries as research," at the end.

And I guess she's not lying.

She definitely did.

I wish there was room in the video to show you just

how much she quotes the documentary

without telling you while reusing greased-up footage

from it, but it's most of the video.

There's just too much to show.

I also wanted to go more into the ways making sloppy,

poorly researched videos means the videos are full

of obvious mistakes but this video's looking kinda long

so I shouldn't.

However, before I realized I shouldn't,

I'd already made all of it, so, uh,

check out the new video

on my hot new second channel.

I have a second channel now.

It's not a live stream channel I hastily rebranded.

Check it out if you wanna see me complain

about Blair getting the Stanford Prison Experiment

wrong and also "Silent Hill" lore.

Why would you want to watch that?

I dunno. This is a horrible pitch.

As a creator my question is,

why make three bad videos a week when you could make

one half decent video every two weeks,

or one pretty good video every year?

Videos like this aren't made for the reasons normal people

make videos like to inform or entertain

or for the joy of making something.

They're made for the purpose of putting out more content.

[tense music]

♪ ♪

The phrase "content mill" refers to organizations

which produce huge amounts of material very quickly,

designed to get attention with no interesting quality.

If you've ever seen an article in a search

with a compelling title but which says nothing

for several hundred words and only tells you the thing

you wanted at the end

while showing you seven million ads,

you've had the content mill experience, my friend.

Some of these are just a link to a video someone else made

but they got to show you ads.

There's a ton of channels out there

whose objective is to make as much stuff as possible

as fast and as easily as possible.

We just watched Cinemassacre become one of these,

making easier, lower-effort, worse videos,

and for the ones that were supposed

to be good,

outsourcing the editing

to a guy underpaid so badly he later quit,

and the writing to a guy who turned out to be stealing shit.

The quality suffers, yeah,

but if you don't care about quality,

you save yourself a lot of time and effort.

The people who are in this for the money

are engaged in a constant race to the bottom

to find the easiest possible content

to make and still get paid for it.

If you're a nerd-- and look at you--

you've been recommended a YouTube short where

a robot explains what happens in a comic.

- The sad story of Rocket Raccoon.

The drunk who knew Batman's identity.

After Homelander lost his mind--

- These float to the top because there's catchy names

and there's hundreds of them,

so they get recommended to everyone

even though nobody likes them.

My favorite insane content farm stuff

is when an AI explains the plot of a movie to you

but the title is,

"A woman wakes up covered in bees," or something.

- Welcome back to Movie Recaps.

Today I will show you a drama-fantasy film from 2018

titled, "Be With You." Spoilers ahead.

- These are so perplexing,

they wrap back around to being performance art.

"He has only three organs left but the scientists turn him

into a super soldier."

It's "RoboCop!"

An AI voice explain the plot of "RoboCop" to you!

Incredible!

But if something becomes successful,

even if it's something this weird,

people are gonna try and do the same thing,

especially if it's easy to crank out like

an AI recapping a film.

- The opening scene features a guy who finds himself confined

within a large cube.

- The opening sequence introduces a prologue.

After this, the chaos caused by the Egyptians is depicted.

- Today I'm going to explain a film based on

the real life story of the youngest warrior

of World War II called "Soldier Boy."

Today I'm going to explain to you horror zombie film titled

"Warm Bodies." - ...and walked over

to the man. When the man saw it,

he was still cursing at his wife.

- The dog king has gathered hundreds

of stray dogs.

He is leading his entire army

to attack the city.

- Hi, JAKE RECAPS here.

Today I am going to explain

a movie called "Allerleirauh."

- So you can see how content mill shit

dovetails very nicely with ripping people off,

if not outright plagiarism.

And right in the middle of this ecosystem

are reaction videos where people just upload themselves reacting

to other people's videos.

The money almost makes itself.

Reaction videos are a key piece

of the iilluminaughtii puzzle here,

because that was Blair's previous content mill.

A few years back reacting to reddit posts

was a popular format,

and it was easy to make so hacks jumped on it.

She used to make videos reacting to popular reddit posts

and she'd try to add to the jokes

and, you know, not manage it.

BLAIR: "After all, if I can't trust

"the President of the United States,

who can I trust?"

And that's, uh-- [chuckles]

Tricky Dick. Very cool man.

The Watergate scandal man himself.

HBOMB: Extremely boringly reading out reddit posts

wasn't good content, but it was content.

She saw moderate success doing this for a few years,

briefly forming a communal channel

where she and several friends reacted

to reddit posts together called Sad Milk,

a channel which has since been completely obliterated

and she's currently sending cease

and desists to the other members

to stop them talking about why, so that's fun.

But this kind of explains a lot. In a way,

Blair has always just been

reading other people's stuff at you.

She spent over half a decade trying

to become a popular YouTuber by any means necessary.

Before these she used to do story time videos

back when they were really popular,

which led to a notorious video

where she talked about clogging

a toilet by literally filling it with shit.

- I didn't even see the hole so I knew the poop wouldn't go.

- When video essays started being

a popular format, she pivoted again

and started making what she makes now.

None of this has ever been about

actually making something she cares about.

It's always been about making something popular.

When these finally caused her to really take off as a creator,

she basically immediately deleted all

of her previous cringe attempts to cash in on other trends.

Remember when nearly a million views disappearing

from Filip's channel was a bit weird?

Try 40 million.

Sounds like those videos aged like milk.

Sad Milk, that is! [laughs]

[coughs]

The iilluminaughtii channel

is a video essay content mill.

She has a team of editors helping

to put out videos every other day

and she doesn't need a writer.

Wikipedia's got her covered,

and if there happens to be a documentary on the topic,

she can just quote that 40 fucking times.

The video happens overnight because she didn't have

to do any work.

There's a part in the vaccines video

where she talks about all the documentaries

she's watched as part of her research process

and I don't think she realizes she's telling on herself here.

BLAIR: And I've got to tell you that

I've seen a lot of documentaries doing research

for these deep dives.

The Netflix "Betting On Zero" for Herbalife,

"The Dark Side of Chocolate" for Nestle,

documentary series' on the hikikomori,

and all the "Goop" episodes on Netflix,

"Blackfish" for SeaWorld-- there's a lot.

- This is just a confession.

Referencing the big documentaries on

a topic you're covering is fine.

Quoting them or using some footage

from them makes a lot of sense, I think.

But at a certain point,

you're just repackaging other people's work

and selling it off as your own.

And speaking of selling...

Why would someone do this?

Well, when I sat down to watch the Fyre Festival video

I got served two advertisements before I could hit play

and then immediately got hit by a commercial

for Blair's plushie.

BLAIR: Make sure to snag one before it's gone

because these are not coming back

once this runs out.

- Then 11 minutes in I got

a message from today's sponsor, Mint Mobile,

where I could get squixteen dingles

of my bext burger.

BLAIR: And we will begin to unravel what happened

at the Fyre Festival right after this ad break.

Make sure you go to mintmobile.com/mlm.

That's mintmobile.com/mlm.

- And then within seconds of that sponsorship ending,

I got a second sponsorship!

She has two right next to each other!

Go to blueland.com/iilluminaugh--

BLAIR: ...to blueland.com/mlm.

That's 15% off your first order of any products

of Blueland orders at blueland.com/mlm.

- Now, I don't want to speculate how much money Blair made

from this sloppy shit that was made in about a day,

uh, but I do know how much

a video with that many views makes

in ad revenue and I know what the overhead

is on those plushies,

and I've been offered similar sponsorships,

so I'm pretty comfortable in saying she made

a fuck ton of money

from stealing someone else's documentary.

It turns out it's the same twist it always is.

Why did this stupid shit happen?

Oh, it's money!

This is a really good racket. I'm almost jealous.

With a small team of editors,

you can knock one of these out every few days,

and she does.

I mean, she doesn't need a writer.

Now, maybe this technically isn't plagiarism.

Maybe you give them a pass because having

a link somewhere in a description makes

it okay to have done this,

but I think we can all agree that even if it isn't plagiarism

it is at the very least shit.

When we're talking about creative works,

questions like this aren't really about rigid definitions.

It's about whether or not something passes

the vibe check,

as adults pretending to be children might say.

A lot of this is about how something feels.

Case in point, when Blair accused someone else

of stealing from her!

Plot twist, baby!

Party time: The Legal Eagle Debacle.

This is Devin Stone,

law YouTuber and actual lawyer

whose channel name is LegalEagle.

He's pictured here interviewing me

in my pajamas in the final year I had hair.

I used this clip so I could savor it for a second.

On April 20th of this year,

Blair accused one of Devin's editors

of taking her video's style.

They were trying to replicate her videos.

Her evidence: one of his editors E-mailed asking

how her editors achieved a specific effect

in an old video,

and then later asked on Discord

if he could ask them there.

I know, right? And if that's not enough,

she posted some comparison shots showing, uh,

they both have used torn paper effects when showing quotes

and, uh, they both highlight,

uh, text when they show documents.

- LegalEagle is no longer the one good lib.

- It's cut and dry, really.

There's just one small question left, and that is,

"What the hell are you talking about?"

This is one of the most common things you see

in all videos.

No one owns the concept of highlighting text.

Tons of people use torn paper in their visuals

when they're quoting books or newspapers.

It's basic skeuomorphism--

when the thing looks like the thing that it is.

I do the same thing when I'm trying to look professional.

LegalEagle has used these visuals for years.

Before iilluminaughtii has used them, even.

Who's ripping off who, again?

But in any case,

it's normal for editors to ask each other

how they do things.

That's how information spreads.

You know those transitions that I do occasionally

and Filip did literally all the time?

I found out how to do those by asking another YouTuber

named bobvids how he made his transitions so smooth

in his videos in, like, 2016,

and he told me what plugin he used.

Almost everyone finds out about it

by asking someone else whose videos they like

how they did that thing.

This is a communal craft where

people learn and share things.

That's why there's 12 million tutorials

for how to do a chromatic aberration effect without having

to pay for one of the professional ones.

Editing is for the people.

More like comradeic aberra-- no.

The accusation wasn't just false.

It illuminates--ha, ha-- how Blair sees the world.

She doesn't really understand the concept

of sharing amongst creatives,

because she's never actually created anything.

Ripping people off is her entire business model.

So she assumes that's how the rest of the industry works.

Just people competing to exploit each other's ideas.

To this sort of person,

the fundamental act of asking questions

and talking shop become devious tricks

to get you to give away your precious secrets

about how you highlight text.

Basically, this is a completely ridiculous accusation.

This particular thing really annoyed me,

not just as a video editor

but because I had

a personal history with her videos.

Here was someone whose career is built on remaking

other people's hard work three times a week

getting extremely aggressive that someone asked someone else

how they did something.

I'd found the Brian Deer stuff years ago and kept it to myself

because--I know this might be hard to believe--

I don't like randomly starting fights with strangers.

But since Blair seems okay with doing that--

and it was on my mind anyway since I

was already working on this video--

I posted a video with some examples

of her ripping off Deer in a quote tweet.

A lot of the reactions to my tweet seemed

to show that this made people rethink

how they felt about the work

of someone they previously respected.

And this for me confirms my hypothesis,

that whatever you call this,

there's something wrong about it.

Realizing how heavily regurgitated

someone's work is changes how it feels to watch.

Even if you like something about it,

.now in the back of your mind,

you're wondering if its them you like

and not the person they got it from.

Plagiarism stains a person's work

and makes it tough to appreciate even

the original parts,

because you'll never really know

for sure again if they're original.

And being the one getting ripped off

feels pretty bad, too,

which I'm sure Blair understands.

That's why she posted all of these tweets.

Now imagine how those journalists

and documentarians might feel.

Imagine spending your life doing painstaking research,

actual investigation,

going out there and interviewing people,

and physically finding things,

not just Googling it

and copying what's already there.

And then imagine someone reading your words out loud

in between sponsorships for dish soap,

getting half of the words wrong,

and not even making it clear how heavily she's relying

on you to make her video.

Brian Deer has had a lot of trouble with plagiarism.

During the scare Deer got sued and went to court

to defend his findings.

He could have lost his home in the fight to get

the truth heard,

so when people steal his work

without crediting him properly, it's messed up.

Some entire documentaries

have come out which don't credit him.

Channel 4 did another documentary

about Wakefield recently and they don't acknowledge

that it was his work they were using.

They pretend Channel 4 itself made those discoveries.

They try really hard to cut Deer out

of the story and it doesn't even work.

Articles he wrote and his book keep popping up

in the background.

Deer have been battling

to have his work properly recognized

for years while other people pretend they discovered it.

Deer actually put it best himself

when he saw my tweet and replied to it.

Sorry to drag you into this, Brian.

While copying and pasting text from other people's stuff

is a kind of plagiarism,

it's not the only kind,

and focusing on that as the only way

would be a mistake that falls short

of understanding the problem.

Even when Blair isn't just reading other people's words,

she's still gutting other people's work and selling it,

and I hope I've explored that properly.

I wish the story ended there so we could move on already.

I had other examples I wanted to get to, I swear.

But on the 28th of April,

Blair released a video entitled, "iilluminaughtii exposed"

which contains an apology to LegalEagle,

a response to Hbbomerguy's plagiarism claims,

and I guess a response to the five other things

she's currently being accused of.

She seems great.

And in the section intended for me,

she responded to my tweet.

So in the interest of fairness,

let's see what she has to say.

BLAIR: Before I get into the accusation itself,

I want to address the topic of plagiarism,

and that word has been tossed around a ton

and it's not something to be taken lightly,

and I just want to take a minute to define this word.

- She begins by sighting the many dictionary definitions

of plagiarism, which is very funny.

BLAIR: On screen are definitions for the word "plagiarism"

as defined by Merriam-Webster, dictionary.com,

and the University of Oxford.

- But then she disregards all of them anyway

and invents her own special definition

with a loophole in it.

BLAIR: I'm showing multiple sources

defining plagiarism but the overall definition

is gonna boil down to this:

plagiarism is to take someone else's idea

as their own or to not credit the source.

- The actual definition-- you know,

the thing that is wrong-- passing off other people's work

or ideas as your own has had this new thing grafted onto it

to do with crediting of sources.

The other definitions do bring up not crediting people

as part of it but Blair has made it central

to her definition.

Remember what I said about plausible deniability?

This is Blair trying to cash that in.

She objectively has passed off the work of Brian Deer,

the Fyre Festival documentarians,

and countless others as her own,

up to and including reading out entire paragraphs

from articles without even telling you she

was quoting anything,

but in this new definition,

as long as you hide or link in a document

no one will read or mention once you used it as a source,

it magically becomes not plagiarism anymore.

She then gives the defense that she did cite Deer

in that Pastebin of hers,

but her video demonstrating this actually shows why this

is a cheap trick

BLAIR: When you go to my sourcing page

for this particular episode,

you can also see that the documentary

is listed as a source.

HBOMB: iilluminaughtii's Pastebin full

of disorganized links is embarrassing

to watch her scroll through.

I assume she was trying to show how easy it is

to find the documentary in her list

but then she couldn't find it.

She cited it as a contextless YouTube link,

so she has to have text appear on the screen saying which

of these sources was the documentary.

What really surprises me about the response

is how deliberately manipulative it is.

She makes a big show of how thorough she's being

in her response.

BLAIR: With that definition

being clearly identified,

let's go ahead and take a look at what Harris brought

to the Twitter table.

- She shows my tweets about

the situation, obviously,

and she reads them all out which makes sense.

She's used to reading people's words

for a long time.

But she doesn't show the video

she's actually responding to.

BLAIR: Harris posted this video saying, and I quote:

"Personally, @iilluminaughtii,

I would define plagiarism

as something a bit more specific.

For example, copying someone else's documentary directly

into your script," end quote.

- After slowly and painfully reading out

the entire surrounding context,

why doesn't she show any of the video?

Well, because it would make her look really fucking bad.

If she showed the video directly comparing her

with Deer, she wouldn't be able

to defend herself at all.

It's obvious what she did was wrong.

Instead, she shows this one screenshot

which just happens to be the part where she's technically

quoting something on the screen,

and then she gives the defense that,

"Look, you can see I was quoting it!"

BLAIR: However, in his own video,

he shows where I'm audibly quoting

a direct line from the documentary

and even visually you can see it on the screen with

the quotation marks.

HBOMB: A direct line from the documentary?

The video says it's from a lawsuit with the FDA.

I have to admit,

this is some pretty clever sleight of hand.

She's showing specifically the one section

where she technically is quoting something.

BLAIR: At the time of recording,

it was really obvious

to me that it was a citation

of the documentary.

- You know she's pretending

to quote a lawsuit

while actually reading

someone else's words,

but the audience watching doesn't.

Her official response on YouTube has way more views

than the Twitter video she's responding to here.

More people have seen a manipulatively-framed

single image from the video than the video itself.

I got some replies from people who had clearly just seen

her video and not seen mine trying

to defend her on the basis that she did put it in quotes.

She just didn't cite the source correctly,

and you can find it in the description.

Some poor iilluminaughtii fans out there think I'm mad

at her for quoting some words slightly wrong

because they assume in good faith

that the YouTuber they like wouldn't tell them

an obvious lie.

Sadly, iilluminaughtii isn't a unique story.

She's just the most prominent tip

of the iceberg of content mill video essay garbage.

If you want to see these extremely

poor practices in action,

you need only watch the videos about iilluminaughtii.

You know, drama YouTube.

The worst part of YouTube.

BOWBLAX: Koba says, "point of view,"

showing a picture of a man with a hatchet

who I assume is Hbomberguy

but I'm not too sure, to be honest.

Drama YouTube is its own sub-ecosystem

of content mills,

grinding out infinite buckets

of slop about whatever's happening

in that moment.

CB2: So I'm not gonna milk this

any more after this video, okay?

- These people are so busy making the videos,

they don't even have time to find out what Blair did.

They're finding the most popular tweets on

the topic and hitting the record button.

BOWBLAX: "Not enough that they steal ideas,

"they have to go out of their way

"to slander others' work for having

the most banal similarities."

HBOMB: Yeah, that's ri-- wait, "bay-nal?"

And in their most evolved form,

they're not even doing that.

They're watching other drama videos

and making their own version.

I've seen the compilation I made of Blair copying Deer in,

like, 40 different places at this point,

but what's really amazing about it

is that it's now crossed the drama mill event horizon.

So instead of being credited to me,

it's credited to the other drama YouTubers

the current drama YouTuber got it from.

In this instance

the previous drama YouTuber's name

isn't even spelled right.

That's the level of research we're dealing with here.

I don't really care about getting credit

for a video I made in five seconds.

The point I was trying to make was that Deer is the guy

who deserves the credit,

but there's still an irony to it.

I was trying to make a point about the importance

of crediting people correctly and now my Twitter video

has "Human Centipeded" its way out

of the anals of drama YouTubers into the mouths

of second order drama YouTubers

who don't even know where it's from,

but are ready to reheat and serve it.

This is the lowest effort shit you can imagine.

They can't even spell plagiarist right.

Information itself deteriorates in the process

of producing industrial quantities of content.

The mask has fallen and the gears of the mill spin

naked before us as they wheel and crunch all meaning to dust

and "Raid: Shadow Legend" sponsorships.

Go to audible.com/repentharlequin

to enter a coma and escape this madness.

Anyway, thank you for taking the time to reply, Blair.

I disagree.

I don't think your new, special definition of plagiarism

with a loophole in it is plagiarism.

I think plagiarism is plagiarism and you are a plagiarist,

but thank you for taking the time to respond,

and good luck with all that other stuff.

We should probably move on.

Let's talk about some good videos.

Remember my video about the "Roblox" oof?

That one did pretty well, didn't it?

There's a bunch of stuff I needed

to do for a follow-up video

but then I got distracted by this,

but I'll do that eventually.

But I'm really happy with the reaction to it.

A lot of people I deeply respect seemed to enjoy it,

and it was even jacksfilms third favorite video of 2022,

which for me is an incredibly high honor.

Far higher than all the real awards I didn't win.

His second favorite video was "Man in Cave"

by someone called Internet Historian

and that thing got, like, ten million views,

so I'm not surprised.

Personally, I'm not a big Internet Historian fan.

Years ago I saw a video of his about Dashcon--

a failed tumblr convention--

and it was really just a bunch of jokes about SJWs

and how bad tumblr is,

and it was really disappointing.

You know, he had the opportunity to talk about

a really interesting moment in history

and he just used it to post cringe.

But that video was eons ago and I don't like to judge people

by super old stuff they made,

and a lot of people I really respect seem

to like him so I'm sure he's way better now.

Anyway, let's finally watch "Man in Cave"

and see what the hype is all about.

No, I mean it.

Pull up your phone, open up "Man in Cave,"

and let's watch it together.

No, just--just type "Man in Cave."

I--It's the top one. It's got ten million vie--

Oh, you can't find it?

It's not there?

As of present recording,

"Man in Cave" mysteriously disappeared

months ago and has yet to reappear.

What happened to "Man in Cave?"

[cackling]

[ominous music]

"Man in Cave" is about Floyd Collins,

a cave explorer who in 1925 got trapped in a cave.

Nice one, Floyd.

The video is an hour and ten minutes long

and pretty detailed,

covering the events hour

by hour as they happened.

What a unique way of telling the story.

The video implies a deep level of research

and understanding,

and that animation's pretty cool, too.

The video was uploaded on September 29th, 2022

and was extremely successful,

garnering, like, 10 million views

in the few months since it went online.

It was deemed so entertaining it became

the thing every Twitch streamer put on while they went

and did something else to keep their audience busy.

Ooh, that's a good chunk of change right there.

But then in March of this year, the video disappeared.

Any links to the video took you to a blank page saying

it was unavailable because of a copyright claim.

Usually with really popular videos, though,

YouTube resolves this quickly to avoid negative attention,

but this was down for a while and then it stayed down.

What's going on here?

Let's look into this a bit.

"This video is no longer available due

"to a claim by Pro Sportority Ltd.

doing business as Minute Media."

That's what dba means, by the way.

Aren't I clever?

Minute Media is a publisher of digital content.

One of their brands is Mental Floss,

a digital news and entertainment site,

which also has a YouTube channel.

So did he use some of their copyrighted images

or the YouTube channel's footage?

Well, it doesn't look like

the channel has ever covered Floyd Collins.

The Mental Floss web site, however, has.

In 2018 Lucas Reilly wrote a story about

the 1925 cave rescue that captivated the nation. Uh-oh.

This article is an extremely detailed summary

of the story of Floyd Collins. Uh-oh!

In fact, it makes the unique choice

of covering the events hour by hour.

Oh, he didn't. He did not just--

- Floyd tried to breathe calmly.

His left arm was pinned underneath his torso,

his right wedged by the rock ceiling above.

Beneath him, sharp crystal shards dug into his skin.

When he did attempt to shuffle,

more gravel and rocks would tumble from above

and plow onto his feet.

"He should try untying his shoes," said one.

"Ah, no, we should send him down with a contortionist

who's got a mallet and a chisel."

"Hey, how about using dynamite?"

One clique formed insisting that it was a great idea.

Well, they started arguing about gas torches,

but by far the most common suggestion,

of course, was amputation.

So he removes his suit,

drapes himself in coveralls,

and grabs a lamp.

[clapping] - Whoa!

- But Floyd didn't really answer any of his questions.

In fact, he was incoherent.

So Miller took a few mental notes

and he left.

Somehow Homer mustered the strength

to altogether wrench the cord from the other men's hands.

The rope went slack.

Homer, Floyd, and the rope lay limp on the cave floor.

No progress had been made.

HBOMB: For the first time in YouTube history,

a copyright claim is real.

Internet Historian stole Lucas Reilly's article,

used it as a script for a 70-minute video,

gave him no credit,

and uploaded it for money.

But let's consider an alternative explanation,

just to be fair.

This was a real historical event.

They're both telling the same true story

so of course they're going to be similar.

That's a good point. You're very smart.

But there's a difference between using

the same sources or recounting the same history

and telling the exact same story in the same way using

the same words,

and if going hour by hour didn't make it obvious,

the fact he copies the rest

of the structure makes it blatant.

The opening which covers Floyd entering the cave

even uses the same image used

at that point in the article.

Soon after when Floyd first becomes trapped,

the article flashes back to Floyd's childhood.

The video copies this narrative framing

and does the same thing,

flashing back after he's trapped,

and even tells the same anecdotes about his past.

- Floyd has been exploring the caves of Kentucky since he

was merely six years old,

and as he grew up,

he gained a reputation

for being a very daring caver.

He would dive into some hole on one side of town

and emerge miles away on someone else's property.

HBOMB: This one's interesting because

the words are quite a bit different.

Instead it's copying the article visually

by having him literally pop his head out like a gopher.

You know how in the previous segments

I've been showing all the really obvious examples

to get the point across?

"Man in Cave" is over an hour long.

If I showed the funniest examples,

we'd be here all day.

- Gerald knew more about cave rescues than most.

In fact, just that summer prior,

he had helped untangle Floyd from a different snag.

- Whoa! - Everybody was shaken

by the experience.

Burdon fainted as he crawled towards the exit.

Most of the other men had to be carried away.

"World of Tanks" is not only

the best game I have ever played--

HBOMB: Okay, that one was a joke.

Sorry, I couldn't resist.

There are some differences

between the two, though.

Internet Historian's video has mistakes.

He gets the weight

of the rock pinning Collins' leg down wrong.

He says it's 33 pounds while the article lists 27.

Every credible source I can find has it listed

as around 27 pounds, give or take,

and the Wikipedia page lists 26.

The rock weighs about 26 ½ pounds.

How do I know this? We still have it.

We've weighed it. It's 26 ½ pounds.

How did he make this mistake when all his sources--

including the one he was plagiarizing--

say otherwise?

It's almost like when he was loosely rewriting

the script to seem more original,

he accidentally changed some of the facts

of the story.

Or maybe it was on purpose.

It's slightly harder to say it was plagiarized now.

I mean, how could he be ripping anyone off

if he got the facts wrong?

"Man in Cave" is also a little confused about

the fucking cave?

In 1917 Collins discovered a beautiful cave full

of stalagmites on his family's land

which he named Crystal Cave.

They tried to turn it into a tourist attraction

but this didn't pan out.

He then tried looking for a new cave

on his neighbor's property and this is the cave

he got trapped in while clearing out,

which was later named Sand Cave once he became trapped.

This is covered in the article

as well as being common knowledge about this story.

Internet Historian treats them like the same one cave

and calls it Sand Cave.

So now the story has insane shit,

like Floyd advertising Sand Cave to tourists

which literally never happened

because he died in it before it could open for business.

That's what the story is about!

This isn't nitpicking. Okay, it is,

but this is the cave in "Man in Cave."

It would be nice if he got the cave right.

This is the place most people my age are going

to learn about Floyd Collins

and it's a shame they're learning history

that's not true.

Here's a funny thing I noticed because I'm one

of those weird cave people.

Uh, we prefer the term "amateur speleologists."

But he keeps using this picture to represent the grotto Floyd

is trying to reach.

- On the other side is this.

Until he found this hollow.

HBOMB: This isn't a picture of that hollow.

There are no pictures. No one's even seen it,

apart from Floyd, and because I'm insane,

I recognize this picture.

It's from the web site of Crystal Onyx cave

in Kentucky which is about 12 miles away

from the Mammoth Cave system the video is talking about.

This cave is often confused with other nearby caves because

the names are similar and they're so close by,

so it's an understandable mistake

to use this image instead of one

from the right cave system,

but I do find it really funny a picture

being used to represent part of Mammoth is from a site

whose title reads, "We're not mammoth."

Like, they tried to warn you, buddy.

And I saw people congratulate this video

for the effort that went into it.

I assume they're talking about the animation

which is pretty decent.

Internet Historian's team did a good job with this,

especially considering its length,

a compliment I've received myself many times.

That's one reason this is all so disappointing.

This could have been good and not been stolen.

We can do both.

Reilly is a really talented writer and researcher.

He was the articles editor for Mental Floss back

when it had a physical magazine with folks who worked

on it calling him its beating heart.

Reilly is a very well-regarded, award-winning writer

with a skill for telling gripping stories,

and I can tell Internet Historian agrees with me,

so it's a shame he gave him no credit for his work,

even as it contributed to what must have been

a huge amount of income for him,

doubtless more than Reilly ever made

for writing it in the first place.

Internet Historian sometimes cites his sources

when they come up.

He'll have text saying where it's from,

and that's a good practice,

but this makes his choice to never cite

or mention Reilly obvious. He's trying to hide it.

Sometimes the way he tries to look like he's done research

and wrote this video himself is very funny.

There's a bit where he's reading the article out loud as usual,

then pauses and acts like he's about

to read something else and just keeps reading

the fucking article.

- Near the final squeeze,

large cracks had formed.

The ceiling was beginning to droop.

All right, so the following is a recounting

of events from one of Carmichael's men,

Casey Jones.

Casey and another worker spend about an hour in the cave

but he heard Collins moaning ahead,

so he pushed himself on.

He managed to make it through the squeeze

and he arrived at the ten-foot pit.

Seeing Floyd trapped,

he tried to ignore the pebbles

that were tumbling behind him.

- Internet Historian wants you to think he's telling you

a story he made after doing a lot of research.

He doesn't want to read you a good story he found.

He wants to pretend he wrote it.

But this--the obvious fact it's plagiarism

and it's wrong-- that's the easy stuff.

What's interesting is what happened next.

I've been standing on my feet for agest.

I'm gonna have a sit down.

Ah, that's better.

This is my living room where I keep all the books I pretend

to have read and also my board games.

Yes, I'm one of those people.

I even have a board game about caving.

Uh, this is quite hard to find nowadays

so I had to get it from Germany.

They love board games there because they're not afraid

to look one another in the eye.

I can't wait to spiel this cave game.

For my money, that's the best joke I've ever written.

Hold on. We're doing a video about plagiarism.

Let's, uh-- let's get this set up properly.

Uh--ah-hah!

But then...

[light switch clicks]

Ah! This is a whole style of video now,

and by style I mean one person did it first

and then a bunch of boring people ripped her off.

Stealing from lots of places is inspiration,

but stealing from one place is plagiarism

unless you call it the BreadTube Style,

and then it's fine.

I don't even know what a BreadTube is.

I just woke up one day and was told that I was in it

and that people hated me for being in it.

I don't even know what it is. Anyway,

when someone from Mental Floss noticed

the plagiarism and filed a copyright claim,

Internet Historian tweeted about the video's disappearance

but in a kinda suspicious way.

He obviously knew why it got claimed

but he chose not to say why

so his audience could freely speculate

amongst themselves for hundreds of posts about all

the ridiculous reasons YouTube takes things down.

Some of them noticed Pro Sportority

is based out of Israel and got anti-Semetic about it.

But ironically, so it's fine.

What an interesting audience he's built.

All this needless speculation has helped

to create a smokescreen.

People assumed the video was taken down

for a bullshit reason

and there is no clear explanation,

when there is one and he didn't give it to them on purpose.

Internet Historian has taken videos down before.

A lot of them, in fact.

Like, dozens.

None of these seem to be because of plagiarism.

He says he just doesn't think they're very good anymore.

I think he got a bit of, uh, what we in the business call

"Troll's Remorse."

Oh, maybe this video was inappropriate

and normal people would judge me for it.

And he got rid of that video that's just a bunch

of Tucker Carlson clips,

and reading a hentai in an extremely

racist Japanese man impression.

That's not advertiser-friendly.

And we want those "World of Tanks" bucks, don't we?

But since his fans are, you know, normal cool people,

they saved all those old videos and there are several channels

dedicated purely to reuploading all his old,

inconvenient stuff,

and some of them tried to reupload "Man in Cave"

and instantly got hit with a copyright claim as well,

because the video is in YouTube's system now.

Here's a screenshot that was posted

of one of these claims.

"The infringing video blatantly

"and unlawfully plagiarized verbatim text from our article

"and the placement, pacing, and presentation

of content is almost identical to the article."

Speaking from experience,

normally claims aren't anywhere near this detailed.

The article's owners are not messing around.

This is how we found out about the plagiarism.

Kat was browsing her drama reddits

as she does a lot and she saw a post

with this smoking gun in it.

It's amazing how easy it is for a story like this

to not get spread to a wider audience,

even when it's for a video this popular.

The furthest the story has got so far is the thread

proving it just sitting in a random subreddit with,

like, 90 upvotes.

If Kat hadn't seen this I wouldn't be talking about it

and you wouldn't know it happened, either.

So, thanks, Kat.

You're so cool. I love you.

Most YouTubers in this situation would fight

a copyright claim publicly,

arguing their case where everyone could see it,

which would force YouTube to take notice

and do something about it.

People @ YouTube on Twitter all the time

and get responses and see things fixed.

I once tweeted randomly about an old test video I deleted

getting copyright claimed somehow.

I didn't even @ YouTube about it,

and they still found it and asked me

for more information.

They're pretty diligent about responding

to people messaging them on social media with problems.

Internet Historian can't start a public case about this

because he's in the wrong.

He stole an article for money,

and bringing attention to it would just broadcast

to his audience he did 70 minutes of plagiarism.

Right now not many people know about this

although some of his viewers have noticed how strange

it is he's avoiding talking about it.

Why isn't he telling his audience who to get mad at

and go after?

Why isn't he giving

his completely normal fans marching orders?

Uh, because he ripped someone off

and he doesn't want you to find out. That's why.

In May, two months after the video disappeared,

a new version was uploaded,

claiming to be a reupload of the previous one.

But then two days later, it went private.

On the Internet Historian reddit post about the reupload,

the big guy himself wrote about there being some complications,

again being vague about what's going on.

This new version would remain private

for about two months. It's not clear why.

In July while I was making this video,

it finally came back up, but only unlisted.

You can watch it but it doesn't show up in a search

or your recommendations.

You can't watch this video now unless you know it exists

and go looking for it and get the link from somewhere else.

This new version has quite a few changes.

It opens with this new clip explaining what happened

but in the vaguest way possible.

- Sorry for the reupload, fellas.

The original got copy-struck.

HBOMB: Again, we have a comment about it being copy-struck

but no explanation why.

He's still hiding what happened,

in a pretty sneaky way this time.

You see, this graphic of the copy strike

has been edited.

The notice on the video actually looks like this.

It shows who made the copyright claim,

but obviously he doesn't want people looking up

the company behind it because then people will find out why

the video is unavailable.

So now he's editing screenshots to try to hide what he did.

The reupload uses mostly the same animation

and tells the same story but lots of the voice over

has been rewritten to try to sound less like the article.

Here's a section I showed you earlier.

- His left arm was pinned underneath his torso,

his right wedged by the rock ceiling above.

HBOMB: Now here's the HD remaster.

- His right arm is wedged against the roof

of the cave and his left

is stuck in place underneath his torso.

HBOMB: He flipped the order he talked about the arms

and reworded how he talked about them.

He hasn't really solved the overall plagiarism.

He just changed the words more than last time.

- Beneath him, sharp crystal shards

dug into his skin.

He can feel the sharp crystals on the ground

poking into his back.

Floyd tried to breathe calmly in the concentrated dark.

Floyd took slow, steady breaths.

So he removes his suit, drapes himself in coveralls,

and grabs a lamp.

Miller thinks for a moment...

Then says, "Yeah, all right."

He grabs a lantern--

all: Whoa! [booming]

HBOMB: In the past we've seen people reword stuff they stole

and hope they don't get caught,

but now we're getting a special treat.

We get to watch someone go back and try to change it even more.

Like, no, we already know you stole this now.

You can't take it back and pretend you didn't.

- But Floyd didn't really answer any of his questions.

In fact, he was incoherent.

So Miller took a few mental notes

and he left.

But Floyd didn't really

answer any of his questions.

There's nothing Miller can do.

So he hurriedly turns around.

Homer, Floyd, and the rope lay limp on the cave floor.

Floyd fell back down.

Homer, Miller, Burdon, and the other three men

were flat on their backs.

HBOMB: I wanna get across how much worse written

this version is.

Reilly's article has a chilling section

about Floyd spending an entire day trapped,

screaming for help.

"He began a tormenting routine:

"Sleep, wake, scream; sleep, wake scream;

"sleep, wake, scream.

"Minutes melted into hours. His voice disappeared.

His arms tingled numb. Pain radiated up his ankle."

This is vivid storytelling.

I can feel myself going insane

even imagining being trapped there

for 25 hours.

It's a really good passage.

Internet Historian liked it, too, so he stole it.

- He's at the start of a very tiring loop.

Sleep, wake, yell. - [yelling]

- Sleep, wake, yell. - Hello?

Hours passed. His voice gave in.

Arms tingled number, pain radiating up his ankle.

Here he remained in the dark for the next 23 hours.

HBOMB: Now, in the remake,

he has to tell the same story but with completely new words.

So we get this.

- So there's Floyd in the dark yelling out for help.

Yelling into the pitch black.

After a while his voice would give out

and he would have to sleep to recuperate.

He would then wake sometime later,

remember where he is,

and begin yelling again for help.

Here he remained in the dark for the next 23 hours.

HBOMB: It's just not as effective.

The feeling of being stuck in that cycle for dozens

of hours is gone.

It's quite difficult to take a story you got

from an article and tell it again

without using any of the words you liked.

- Floyd has been exploring the caves of Kentucky

since he was merely six years old.

HBOMB: Oh, I guess I can't mention Kentucky now.

That makes it obvious. Better re-record.

- Floyd started his caving career

at the tender age of six.

HBOMB: Some of the changes give away how uncreative he was--

just how much he relied on Reilly's work

even with the most basic shit.

He used his words about someone's hands

being bruised and purple.

- Parts were harder to navigate than before,

especially now with their bruised and purple hands.

HBOMB: So in the new version, this had to be changed.

- Parts were harder to navigate than before,

doubly so with their bruised and rock-shredded hands.

HBOMB Why would you not just write a new description

of some hands in the first place?

This is so lazy.

What is wrong with this guy?

And despite all these changes,

the factual errors about the cave and the rock

are still the same.

It's like this version was made to annoy me.

It's especially hard to make major changes

when you already made the animations.

It's almost impossible to remove Lucas' influence

without doing so much work, it's not even worth it.

For example, the gopher section

has been completely removed since

it was directly copying an anecdote from the article.

He's replaced it with a new segment

which is just C-tier reference humor.

- He would go off on his own,

disappearing into the caves for many hours at a time.

Have you seen that movie, "The Descent?"

It was a lot like that.

HBOMB: Holy crap, Lois. This is just like that movie.

Some of Reilly's article was too short and simple

to meaningfully change so those parts

have just been taken out.

- And all they could do

was leave for now and reassess.

Everybody was shaken by the experience.

Burdon fainted as he crawled towards the exit.

Most of the other men had to be carried away.

And all they could do was leave for now and rest.

[record hissing and popping]

HBOMB: Since it can't use any

of the clever words it stole anymore,

the whole thing's been dumbed down.

- Now, Floyd was trapped in a supine position.

So Floyd is trapped laying down like this.

HBOMB: Imagine sitting down to watch a favorite show

and the streaming services replaced it

with a different cut where all

the characters talk like idiots now.

- You made me look bad and that's not good.

HBOMB: I feel bad for the people who enjoyed the original.

People in the comments and on the reddit page

are asking why he changed it

and why all their favorite lines are missing.

They don't know why because he didn't tell them.

Why is the new version of the video unlisted

and not public?

Well, it could be because it's a lot worse,

but mainly by being so much worse

it kind of gives away what he did.

This video's fans obviously want it back up

but if it goes back up

and it's obviously much worse written now,

the ten-plus million people who saw it the first time--

potentially even more than once--

will wonder why it's different and look into why

and maybe find out.

But if it stays down

people will wonder why it's down and look into why and find out.

It's like he's trying to delay the inevitable wider discovery

of what he did by letting the video exist

but as quietly as possible,

so no one wonders where the video went

but not too many people see it and notice the differences.

It's a precarious situation and I don't envy him.

But he does deserve it.

Right now he looks like a plagiarist and a liar

and a coward who's willing to ruin his own video

and let it gather dust unlisted in the corner

to try and hide what he did.

To be fair, the new version now actually cites Reilly's article.

Whenever a section was too difficult to change

but too significant to remove,

he keeps it in and cites the article at the bottom.

In the original there were several places where he quoted

the same sources Reilly quoted and in this version just

to be safe he also cites the article to make it clear

that's where he got it.

The description of this version also acknowledges

the talented Mr. Reilly and links to his work.

This would have been cool if he'd done all this

the first time and not tried to hide it,

but this is like if Filip reuploaded

a very slightly changed version of the plagiarized videos

and just put, "Thanks to Boomstick Gaming,"

in the description.

It's too late to hide what he's done,

though that hasn't stopped him from trying.

Oh, late-breaking update.

A couple weeks ago the "Man in Cave" reupload

became public again.

I wondered how he would stop people noticing

its weird changes. Then days later,

he uploaded this year's new video

so people's attention is onto the next thing now.

The only people who really noticed

the video coming back are the, uh, hardcore fans.

This was a real clever boy move.

If I wanted to sneak my weirdly changed reupload back out

without too many people noticing,

this is how I'd do it,

and all I'd have to do next was hope no one ever makes

the video I'm making right now.

Oops. Right.

My eyes have gone fuzzy so it's time to get back up.

Ah, my knees really hurt, too.

Okay, I threw out an IKEA POANG to make room

for this beanbag chair and it's rubbish.

I love sacks full of balls but not this much.

Don't get a beanbag chair.

Oh, God! Jesus!

[microphone rustling]

Hey, the mic's still out of frame!

That's nice. That never happens.

I dunno, a proper apology would be nice,

and maybe an explanation for why it happened.

As far as I can tell this is the only video

where he's just ripped something off like this, I hope.

You know, why did he do it for this one?

Really, I just wanna know where he got 33 pounds.

I'm a simple man with simple needs.

Yorkshire puddings with a little bit of gravy on top

and explanations for discrepancies in numbers.

My parents never took me to see a psychologist

so I assume that's normal.

In the meantime,

I'm very happy to accept the award for jacksfilm's

second best video of 2022.

The version from 2022 is gone. Get it off the list, Jack.

Bump me up! Now, what's the first place one?

And how do I destroy it?

Oh, it's the Steamed Hams one

where an animator did, like,

a million different styles.

That one's really good.

And it even tells you

which styles it's doing

and when in the description.

This cartoon cites its sources better

than half the stuff I covered in this video.

Well, I guess I'll settle for second place.

This time.

So, there we have it.

A bunch of examples of plagiarism,

why it happens, why it's wrong,

and all the ways it can result in destructive results.

With these four examples,

I think I'm ready to reach some kind

of conclusion. Just don't touch the screen

or move the mouse a-- [exhales sharply]

There's no way you haven't seen the run time.

You've probably guessed what's coming.

"Where's the part where he turns out

"to be on a green screen

and the video's about someone else?"

Congratulations. You figured it out.

You know all my tricks.

The student becomes the master.

Master of shit.

It was real the whole time!

[screams]

Last time I wanted to research one thing

and tripped and learned too much.

This time I had the breakdown and worked backwards.

We understand why this shit is wrong now

and the damage it can do.

The piles of money people make

from stealing other people's words

and ideas and work.

But there's one group more important

than historians or journalists or anyone else with a real job,

and that's gay people.

You know what's worse than stealing

from established journalists who in the end are doing okay?

Stealing from small queer writers

or creators from marginalized groups

who weren't even paid for their work in

the first place.

Stealing from the writings

of dead people who passed away doing

the activism you pretend to do.

Stealing from the very people who fund your videos.

The people you claim to be defending.

This video is about James Somerton.

[orchestrated horror music sting]

♪ ♪

James Somerton is a gay YouTuber

with a degree in business administration

who frequently refers to himself as a marketing expert.

- I'm a YouTuber, marketing expert,

and film school grad.

I'm also gay. HBOMB: Cool.

In 2014 he briefly made videos about geek stuff

reviewing Marvel movies and so on.

Several years later when video essays became

a popular format, he started making those,

with a focus on queer characters in media and LGBT film history,

and occasionally anime,

such as this really successful video about the fascism

of "Attack on Titan" which has mysteriously disappeared.

Where did it go? I wonder what happened there.

Somerton is doing great by the standards of queer YouTube

in terms of views, ad revenue,

sponsorships, Patreon income,

and donations on his live streams.

The man is doing extremely well financially in

a field where people generally struggle

to do this full time.

In many ways James Somerton is a success story

our entire community should be proud of.

Not to rain on this pride parade,

but whenever I saw a video by James in my recommendations,

I would have to stop watching because it quickly became clear

to me he didn't know what he was talking about.

The first video of his I ever saw

was about Disney's relationship with the queer community

and in it he claims Disney set up an event called Gay Night

and claimed to give the profits to charity

but actually kept the money.

- During the 1990s Disney's parks also

tried profiting from their LGBT fans

by creating Gay Night-- a one-night-a-year event

for the parks where LGBT folk would be the main guests.

It was a big hit.

Initially the revenue was all to be donated

to the Aid for AIDS Foundation but by 1995

donations to the charity had dried up.

Disney was keeping all of the profits for themselves.

He's misremembering a really well-known event.

Uh, Gay Not was not set up by Disney.

They didn't sanction it.

A travel agency rented the park out for the night

and they kept the money they were supposed to have donated.

This is a bit sloppy but then he claims

the more progressive CEO Bob Iger expanded Gay Nights

into full Gay Day events.

- Under his stewardship Disney switched

from the once-a-year Gay Night at Disney parks

to the full Gay Days event,

rebranding the occasion to a more family friendly affair.

Now, obviously Iger couldn't rebrand

something Disney wasn't doing and had no control over.

Gay Days is actually a completely separate event

which is also unofficial and unsanctioned by Disney.

Also it started before Gay Night and 15 years before

Iger became CEO.

It's kind of impressive how wrong this was.

He's giving fucking Disney credit

for the actions of independent queer people.

It really downplays the work that people put into organizing

stuff like Gay Days.

It's super disappointing, honestly.

The first official Disney pride night

happened this year,

three years after he made this video.

That's how far off the mark he was on this.

Whenever I saw another Somerton video in the wild,

I'd give it another shot

and quickly have to give up again.

In his "Yuri on Ice" video he claimed the show never went

into explicitly gay territory because it aired early

in the evening on Japanese television

and there's a law on the books preventing

showing homosexuality that early.

- Japan has certain laws such as what time of night

a queer-centric show can actually be aired on TV.

This show was slated for an earlier time slot

in the night because it's first and foremost a sports anime.

In order for the quiet part to be as loud

as the creator wanted,

it would have to have had a much later time slot

than the network wanted.

- This is a common myth made up

by western fans of the show to explain why it wasn't gayer.

"They wanted to, but it was illegal."

How convenient.

But that law doesn't work that way

and even if it did,

"Yuri on Ice" aired at 2:30 a.m. in the morning,

the gay witching hour.

They could do whatever they wanted.

But now I see people continuing to spread this lie,

linking Somerton's video as proof it's true.

James is helping to reinforce misinformation

by not checking whatever he hears on Twitter

before he spreads it, which is a bit concerning.

Basically, I can't really watch James's videos because

I care a lot about the stuff he talks about

and I can tell he's not really checked what he's saying.

And that really gets to me.

Normally in this situation

I would just not watch his videos and live my life

but over the last couple of years Somerton

has been repeatedly accused of plagiarism.

In response Somerton has claimed he never ripped off anyone

and the times he did weren't even that bad anyway.

.I--If I have been plagiarizing videos...

I wouldn't have a channel.

I would be called out all the time

by people saying, "He stole my shit."

But I don't plagiarize.

The one time that there actually was plagiarism,

it was by mistake and I fixed it immediately,

and it is no longer in my video.

And the other two accusations, one was silly--

- That's an interesting way of saying you didn't do it.

- Uh, "When three or four separate videos have three

or four separate plagiarism controversies attached--

There's not three or four.

- Somerton is telling the truth here.

There are not three or four accusations.

Whenever these allegations are brought up, however,

A fan of his will normally pop up

to accuse them of harassing a gay man

and claim this is all part

of a deliberate homophobic campaign against

a queer creator.

And as an open bisexual who

knows what the internet is like,

I'm vigilant to the possibility the 'phobes are making

a fuss about nothing again to take down a fellow gay boy.

It does happen.

So keeping this possibility in mind,

I looked at what he'd been accused of

for myself, weighed up all the evidence

as objectively as I could,

and it quickly became clear he did do it.

He's a massive plagiarist.

In fact there's a bunch of stuff no one else has found yet.

He's just convinced his audience

to attack people when they notice.

And the worst part is they do it in the name

of defending a gay creator when many

of the people he has financially benefited

from stealing from are queer themselves.

I've never seen anyone try to put together

a full explanation of what exactly happened here

because his fans will threaten you into silence for trying

which means there is no solid body

of evidence to point to so James

can freely lie about what happened

without anyone to contradict him.

I'd like to take the opportunity to go through what happened here

so people can see what happened without

it being filtered through James and make up their own minds.

So let's clear all this up once and for all, shall we?

[Masakazu Sugimori's "It Can't End Here"]

In July 2020 Somerton uploaded "Evil Queens:

A Queer Look at Disney History--"

a one-hour and eight-minute video

about Disney's relationship with the queer community.

This original upload of the video

has since been deleted

for reasons which will become clear

As the video reached its audience,

some viewers began noticing similarities

between the video and the book,

"Tinker Belles and Evil Queens"

by Sean P. Griffin.

James opens with a present-day example

of Disney being bad about gay content on their platforms

and then says, "We need to explore Disney's history

of doing this."

The next 45 minutes are almost

word-for-word taken from Griffin's book.

- Fantasy is often described as a method of escape

from the trials and tribulations of everyday reality.

Living in a society that has outlawed homosexual desire,

categorized it as a medical dis--

Smee is constantly at Hook's side

and although Hook is the manacle master

of the relationship, Smee is obviously--

His prospect brighten, though, when he overhears

of a young man cub who's wandering alone in the jungle.

He whispers to himself...

- How delightful.

- And vows to arrange a rendezvous with the boy.

HBOMB: Most of this video is just James reading

a book into the camera.

- In the number, Ursula uses various methods

to convince Ariel to sell her soul,

from looking sorry and saintlike

to shimmying madly in excitement.

HBOMB: Throughout this video James uses parts

of the book where Griffin quotes someone else, like here.

This is from an essay by Cynthia Erb.

James just keeps reading and doesn't tell you

he's quoting anyone,

and even changes it slightly.

Almost like he knows it's wrong and is trying

to get away with it.

- In its use of vocalist Pat Carroll's ability

to slide up and down the musical register,

from shrieks to baritones,

"Poor Unfortunate Souls" is an unmistakable send-up

of the campy female impersonation numbers

of underground queer films in the early days of Hollywood.

HBOMB: When he rips off Griffin quoting more well-known writers

like Susan Sontag, he reads them out

and puts the quote on the screen.

It looks like when he thinks he can get away with it,

he passes obscure writers' words off as his own.

He's already stealing from Griffin.

Why stop there?

Somerton reuses a section

of the book where Griffin quotes gay journalist

and activist Jack Babuscio who passed away of AIDS in 1990.

Griffin explains who he is and discusses his quote,

mentioning by name repeatedly.

You know, the way you quote someone

and discuss what they said.

Somerton removes all mention and discussion of Babuscio

but he still steals everything he says.

- And amping up that depiction to an 11.

Camp by focusing on the outward appearance

of a role implies that roles and in particular gender roles

are superficial-- a matter of style.

HBOMB: He then skips a few paragraphs since

the book discusses what Babuscio meant by this

and that would give away James didn't write it.

I didn't even think it was possible

but somehow James managed

to steal two queer authors' words at once.

He copied a book word-for-word and even removed mention

of the people being quoted so it sounded like he

was saying their words, too.

That's not something you do by mistake.

That's something you do when you want

to take the credit, which he does.

In future videos,

James talks about "Evil Queens"

as if it was all his ideas.

- But other movies require a bit more digging.

In "Evil Queens" I talked about the queerness

of the '90s renaissance Disney movies,

especially "Aladdin" and "The Lion King."

When I first mentioned this to people,

they thought I was crazy.

Then I explained it to them and they came around

to seeing it my way.

HBOMB: And everyone clapped.

James claims this video is his work and a weird,

bold new approach to media when it's word-for-word

from a 20-year-old book.

It's ridiculous.

He appears to have find-and-replaced

words like "gay" and "homosexual"

to "queer" or "LGBT."

- Another narrative strand in Disney's films

that would have a great appeal to the queer community

is the tale of the outsider--

--Labeled it as a sin against God

and allowed and often encouraged

violent acts against LGBT people,

queer culture has unsurprisingly embraced--

Queer culture-- particularly gay male culture--

has long held a fascination with fantasy.

The close association of gay men

to the world of fantasy has attributed

to some of the most common insults

for gay men in western culture.

HBOMB: Somerton never mentioned the book or its author anywhere.

There was nothing in the credits,

the description, no citations,

no mention of his name-- nothing.

When YouTubers use a book as a major source of research,

usually they mention it or put it in the background

on their set.

He did film himself next to a book

but it's not "Tinker Bells." It's "Disney War--"

a commonly-cited source in videos covering Disney stuff.

He's trying to look like he did research

without giving away where he got all the words he's saying.

Eventually a twitter user who noticed

the similarities started comparing

the works closely and wrote a thread

showcasing hundreds and hundreds of words-worth of examples

of the video directly copying Griffin's book.

She eventually asked him why he didn't credit it

and he responded that he hadn't

started crediting source materials yet

when he made the video.

He then finally added a reference

to the book to the description almost two months after

it had been uploaded.

He'd gone with the Internet Historian method.

Put an acknowledgment of your theft in

the description later

and pretend that makes stealing okay.

The thread's author thanked him for admitting it

but pointed out adding a line of text near

the bottom of the description is deceptive,

considering the sheer amount of writing he copied.

It looked like he was trying to get away with it by hiding

some text somewhere no one would see.

In response he did the professional adult thing

and blocked her and started tweeting vaguely

about being wrongly accused of plagiarism,

even though he always credits authors

in the video description,

which is a very funny thing

to say when he didn't do that until

the person he's currently complaining about

pointed out he didn't.

In just over a day James went from saying, "Whoops,

"I'll put his name in the description.

Learning as I go," smiley face, to,

"I always credit authors in video descriptions."

"Fuck off with your accusations."

He also made a YouTube community post with

the same text as the tweets.

However, this turned out to be a Streisandian bargain

because people started asking what he

was being criticized for.

Here's where it gets really interesting.

James responded to one of them with a new example.

Something like this had already happened before.

James had made a video called "Unrequited:

The History of Queer-Baiting" and this video had also

been accused of stealing from a documentary called

"The Celluloid Closet."

So this wasn't even the first time

he'd been caught doing something like this.

The author of the thread noticed this comment

and looked at the description of the "Unrequited" video

and there was a note hidden towards

the bottom thanking "The Celluloid Closet"

in a familiarly vague way.

Somerton had been caught stealing something before

and he tried to get away with it the same way,

by hiding something in the description.

The comments section was full of people saying thanking

the documentary in the description

wasn't good enough since he copied a shit ton of it.

She then tweeted she was considering comparing

"The Celluloid Closet" and "Unrequited" side-by-side

like she'd done with "Evil Queens."

It looks like James saw this tweet

and realized someone was about to prove

he'd done plagiarism in multiple videos

because suddenly he set both "Unrequited"

and "Evil Queens" to private so no one could watch them

and made a post announcing this.

The thread's author mentioned this happened

and included these screenshots of the announcement.

Let's put this on a timeline.

This tweet came almost exactly 12 hours after saying she

was thinking of checking the other video.

In her screenshot the announcement

was only 11 hours old.

James hid "Unrequited" within an hour of someone saying they

were thinking of checking it for plagiarism.

That's not suspect at all.

In his post he explained he was the victim

of a targeted harassment campaign,

had received death threats,

and he hid these videos because he didn't want people

who want him dead seeing them.

In the comments section he also claimed

the thread's author had had been harassing

and attacking him for the last 48 hours on Twitter

and her followers had been hunting down

his home and work addresses.

Any harassment or threats Somerton may

have received are unconscionable and wrong.

I want to clarify right now that if anyone harasses Somerton

on my behalf,

they are worse than him

and will not see the light of Heaven.

I must underscore, however,

the original author was not unnecessarily rude

in her criticisms,

was straightforward and polite

when speaking to James directly,

and when he talked about harassment,

she was very clear where she stood on that as well.

Somerton accused her

of personally stalking him anyway

and starting a harassment campaign

against him, threatening his life,

and trying to track down his address

with her obscure thread of tweets.

The author's account was very small at the time

with less than 150 followers and barely anyone

had seen the thread until Somerton accused it

of trying to kill him.

Instead of addressing his mistake head on

and holding himself accountable,

Somerton span a narrative about how

the most polite critic he could have possibly gotten

was the head

of a targeted campaign against him,

while trying to hide the evidence.

On the other hand,

the author of this thread has received

a lot of harassment

from Somerton's fans over the years

to the point they eventually changed

their username and locked their account.

You literally can't see these tweets anymore.

When I managed to contact her with questions,

she asked me to reference her as little as possible

because she's afraid of it starting again.

Somerton's fans believed they were defending him

from someone threatening his life, remember,

so they were pretty fucking vicious about it,

and that is what he was telling them.

When he made a video addressing the plagiarism,

he titled it, "About Those Death Threats."

- Somebody watched my "Evil Queens" video--

my video about Disney--

and realized that there are quotes in the video

that are directly taken from the book

"Tinker Bells and Evil Queens."

They went ahead and started accusing me of plagiarism.

Somebody read their thread and decided

to message me some death threats as you do on the internet.

I think she has something like 154 Twitter followers,

something like that, and...

Some of the people of that 154 decided,

"Hey, let's threaten to kill him."

But, yeah, that's the situation.

That's why I was-- that's why I--

someone doxxed me and threatened to kill me.

HBOMB: He claimed he simply forgot

to credit the book which made up the vast majority

of his script.

- I'm kind of flighty when

a video is done on putting the credits together

so I don't always remember to, uh,

put everything in the credits.

That's kind of been a problem with me in the past.

That has happened before.

HBOMB: He then compared his video

to serious documentaries

and how they're often based on books.

- You know, like a lot of documentaries,

they're based on books that come out

and so, yes, going forward I just want you to know

my videos may well be based off of books.

HBOMB: Um, normally you get permission

to adapt people's books into documentaries

before you make them and release them

to the public for money.

It's really hard not to see this for what it is--

a guy making up a series of bad excuses

after being caught plagiarizing.

Let's just think about this for a second.

If James was honestly adapting a book,

why would he film himself on his set for an hour

sitting next to a different book

and not even think to mention

the book he's adapting even exists?

Somerton went out of his way not to mention his primary source

so people wouldn't read it and realize he copied it.

- So, yeah, I guess what I'm just trying to say

is that, yes, there are quotes in the video

and sections of the video that are taken from the book.

It's not entirely based off of it.

There's, mm, you know--

most of what's in the video is my own original content.

How does he explain what he did to the quote from Babuscio?

He doesn't even try.

- And if you don't want to support me anymore because...

Not everything is...

Entirely my original thoughts, then...

That's fine. I never have had the time

to do that amount of research for a YouTube video.

HBOMB: This video and all his YouTube posts about

the plagiarism accusations were deleted soon after.

I think Somerton realized there was no decent explanation

for what he had done so trying to explain it

made him look worse.

Instead he started tweeting

that he'd sent the video to the author

to ask for permission to put the video up again.

He was finally asking permission

to do what he already did months ago.

I'm curious how he explained all of this to Griffin.

It sounds like Griffin asked to be credited properly

because the old version of "Evil Queens"

never came back up.

Instead, a new one was uploaded.

This version is exactly the same as the old one

except it has "Based on the book by Sean Griffin"

hastily added to the opening credits.

In the span of a few days,

the video graduated from not acknowledging

the book anywhere to using it as a major source of "research,"

to finally being based on it.

In the years since this happened,

Somerton has come up with new lies about it

to try to make himself look better.

On a recent live stream someone brought up

the old allegations and his version

of the story is that he always had permission

from Griffin before he even made the video.

- For the "Evil Queens" one, like I said,

that was based directly on the book.

That was word-for-word from the book.

And that's why before doing the video I got permission

from the author to do it.

And--but I did have full permission

from him before making the video.

HBOMB: The tweet about how he literally had to take

the video down and ask permission afterwards

is still up. Anyone can fact check this.

I want to observe that if this was an honest mistake,

James had the opportunity to be honest about it

and chose to lie.

Looks a bit like a dishonest mistake to me.

He also pretends he credited Griffin

in the description in the first place

and the person who criticized him

simply didn't notice.

- In the original version of "Evil Queens,"

the citation was in the description of the video

and not in the video itself,

and that was the issue.

They didn't read the description.

Um, and so I took down the video

and I put it back up.

And somebody didn't see...

Didn't acknowledge the "based on the book by"

in the comments so I took the video down

and put it back up with

the author in the opening titles.

HBOMB: Again, his reply to her where he acknowledged

he hadn't and was going to is still up.

For reasons I don't understand,

James likes to tell obvious lies that make him look worse.

This is why I felt it was important

to make this video documenting the evidence.

Currently the only version of events people are likely

to hear is his.

Even if it's easily disproven, who's disproving it?

The person who noticed the plagiarism in

the first place was threatened into non-existence by his fans,

leaving his lies as the last story standing.

There's also another reason why I'm not buying the,

"It was based on a book," excuse.

- And then there was a video I made about Disney

that was based directly on a book that I got

the permission from the author to make the video.

- Let's take that at face value.

Okay, so this video is based on this book.

Based on it, word-for-word.

- That was word-for-word from the book.

HBOMB: This is a lie, of course.

He changed quotes so it sounds like he's saying them,

and altered a bunch of other words

to try to make it sound different,

but let's pretend it was for a second.

Is it possible he really was just trying

to adapt the book?

James insists this is the case.

But at this point,

I'm not sure I can trust him when he says things.

The author of the thread was just comparing the video

to the one book she noticed and mentions around

the 53-minute mark he moves on

to stuff not covered widely by the book, like Mulan.

- Disney's "Mulan" is-- however unintentionally--

a queer narrative.

- First of all it's a little bit weird

that his video word-for-word adapting

the book stops adapting it and starts winging it

part way through. But let me ask you this.

Wouldn't it be really fucking bad for him

if it turned out he also stole

the new stuff from somewhere else?

Yeah, it is bad! Because he did!

- Disney's "Mulan" is-- however unintentionally--

a queer narrative that explores both gender identity

and sexual orientation.

It is not--as it is often simplistically described--

a story about a disempowered woman

who becomes empowered by masculinity.

- It's almost impressive how hard he leaned into

something he knew was a lie people could check.

James, what were you thinking?

What was your plan here?

The section on "Mulan" is taken from an article

at Shondaland by Asian-American trans person Jes Tom about how

the film speaks to their experience with gender.

This section is almost word-for-word

stolen from this article.

- Mulan as Ping progressively works their way

toward achieving manhood which is defined by catching fish,

carrying heavy things, and of course wielding

a big stick.

HBOMB: He makes a few changes.

Since this article is one specific

queer trans person writing

about how they related to the film,

Somerton removes their personal experiences

and moves onto the next sentence.

- First in "Honor to Us All,"

the village women attempt to sculpt Mulan into

an ideal woman and more specifically,

an ideal wife.

Mulan fails the test of womanhood when her meeting

with the Matchmaker goes horribly awry.

HBOMB: Sometimes, though, he keeps the stories in

and makes a slight change.

- Mulan's gender journey over the course of the movie

feels very familiar to many trans

and non-binary people.

HBOMB: Jesus, is he really doing this instead

of just crediting the person he got all this from?

Well, yeah, he does this repeatedly.

- Many trans men in particular feel

a kinship with Mulan as the character prepares

to convince everyone they're a man--

practicing they're swagger,

affecting their voice to a lower register,

and scrambling to settle on a boy name.

HBOMB: Somerton doesn't just steal

another article when he's done stealing from a book.

He deliberately changes it to avoid acknowledging

the original author and their experiences

so he can pretend he wrote it.

Just for the record,

I found an article on another web site

that quotes this article by Tom.

Here's how quoting works, James.

It's clear who wrote this,

and even links to it as well for the reader's convenience.

Meanwhile, James just pasted these words into his script

and read it out loud like he came up with it.

- As Mulan acknowledges this failure in "Reflection,"

she poses a question that most trans people know intimately.

"When will my reflection show who I am inside?"

HBOMB: It goes without saying,

you shouldn't just take stuff

and reuse it without crediting them.

Write your own videos, man!

Well, maybe he shouldn't do that, either,

because if you've been paying attention--

which you have--you notice this is the video where James said

Gay Night was Lord Disney's brilliant idea

because he loves gays so much.

Is this part stolen?

Well, kind of, yeah.

Griffin's book correctly explains

the Gay Night situation.

The part where James talks about this

is in a brief section that appears

to be written by him,

connecting the parts written by Griffin and Jes Tom.

We're graced with a whole minute and 30 seconds actually written

by James. How nice of them.

It seems like when writing his own new section

to connect the two writers he stole,

he wrote a half-remembered story about Gay Nights

he got from the same book.

So the part of the video that was technically his

was full of obvious mistakes.

This is-- well, it's not a good sign.

There's a bit of a theme developing.

These guys don't know their history.

They're copying it without really learning it.

So when they try to be unique,

they have nothing to say

and none of what they say is accurate.

HBOMB: Around the time he reuploaded "Evil Queens,"

acknowledging one of the people he plagiarized,

Somerton also unprivated the Queer Baiting video

with what seemed to be no changes except

an acknowledgment at the top saying

the stolen portion is based on "The Celluloid Closet"

and its documentary counterpart.

Before the video went down

the description didn't look like this.

It just had a special thanks hidden at the bottom,

so while it was down he'd changed it.

Looks like he settled on using "based on"

as an excuse for stealing things when he's caught.

I guess we should take a look at exactly

how "based on" it is.

[Masakazu Sugimori's "It Can't End Here"]

"The Celluloid Closet" is a documentary about

the portrayal of homosexuality across

the history of Hollywood with plenty of interviews

with film historians, writers,

directors, and actors.

The structure and narrative is based on the book

of the same name by Vito Russo who passed away

from complications of AIDS before

the documentary could be made.

The first 30 minutes of "Unrequited"

is just "The Celluloid Closet."

James iilluminaughtii'd it.

He downloaded a copy of the documentary,

loosely paraphrased it,

and as footage for the video he uses the same clips

the documentary used of the movies it talked about.

He also reuses the more pivotal interviews,

adding his own titles so it looks like he got them

from somewhere else.

James wants to pretend

to be a scholar of film history

when in fact he watched a documentary

and is now pretending it's his.

He never credits the documentary as a source

when he's doing this.

He even pulls my favorite trick

which I've come to call

the Blair Classic.

He quotes film historian Richard Dyer.

[speech played at rapid speed]

HBOMB: Um, it's actually Richard Dyer.

Would you like to know how I know that?

- Your ideas about who you are don't just come from inside you.

They come from the culture.

And in this culture they come especially from the movies.

HBOMB: He has his own special spin on this trick, too.

- The lesbian experience isn't really expressed in

the film at all and even Shirley MacLaine

has gone on record in 1996 saying William Wyler--

the director-- never even spoke

to her about the lesbian elements.

HBOMB: What he's neglecting to mention is the place MacLaine

"went on record in 1996" is "The Celluloid Closet."

SHIRLEY: At the time that we made the picture,

there were not real discussions about homosexuality.

None of us were really aware.

- James is dimly aware what he's doing is shit

so he's taking baby steps to avoid it

without solving the actual problem.

He's remaking a documentary using their ideas and footage.

JAMES: Gore Vidal-- screenwriter on the film--

said this in 1996--

GORE: Let's say these two guys when they were 15, 16

when they last saw each other,

they had been lovers and now they're meeting again

and the Roman wants to start it up--

HBOMB: He's flipped the footage and added weird filters

to try to avoid triggering the YouTube bots,

which correctly would flag this video

as just large chunks of a copyrighted documentary.

I doubt he's even seen many

of the films he's talking about here.

He's just showing clips from the documentary,

quoting the documentary,

or straight up repeating what it said himself.

JAMES: Homosexuality is a thing, it does exist,

but it's not something good moral people should talk about.

- Homosexuality was finally being talked about

on the screen.

But only as something nice people didn't talk about.

HBOMB: I know a lot of documentaries

are based on books but not a lot of them

are based on other documentaries someone already made, James.

"Celluloid Closet" ends with a heartfelt acknowledgment

of Vito Russo-- the book's late author.

James' video--which takes pains to tell you was written, filmed,

and edited by James Somerton--

also ends by saying it is in memory of Vito Russo.

This one line of text is the only acknowledgment

of Russo or the documentary in this entire fucking video.

For those keeping track,

this is the second gay writer

and activist who tragically passed away

of AIDS in 1990 whose words James has passed off as his own.

There were obviously comments on the video pointing out

he's just remade a documentary for 30 minutes

and James' reply was to insist

it was impossible not to plagiarize

"The Celluloid Closet" because it's such a good history lesson.

This is his main defense when this comes up.

Of course it's derivative.

It's the only place I could

get information on the topic,

which implies James has not engaged

with the last 65 years of writing about gay people

in the film industry.

He also claims he hasn't simply posted it

as his own even though he never acknowledged

the documentary until someone caught him

and then had to sneak one into the description.

If he wanted to pay respect to his main source

he could have said, "in this documentary,"

instead of "in 1996," but I won't say where!

In this reply he says something very funny.

He insists he expanded on some of the ideas in this section,

implying he did some of his own work.

One thing did stick out to me as new.

The documentary covers "Rebel Without A Cause"

but not for very long.

When James talks about it,

he goes on for longer in ways that aren't paraphrasing

the documentary for once.

So this must be the new section.

All that original work that proves he didn't just

rip off a documentary.

Wouldn't it be really fucking funny

if it turned out he stole this part, too?

Oh, you bet your ass he did!

JAMES: Dean's character Jim

is a teenager kicking against authority

and parental neglect who becomes both friend and fascination

to Mineo's Plato-- a lonely younger kid.

HBOMB: Despite being "based on" an existing documentary,

Somerton takes a break in the middle

to steal from someone else.

He stole Peter Howell's article on "Rebel" word-for-word,

not even trying to cover it up

with find-and-replacing text this time.

JAMES: If you don't pick up on that from the photo

of hunky Alan Ladd that Plato has taped inside of his locker

or the looks of adoration he gives Jim,

it becomes abundantly clear when he makes a coded declaration

of love to Jim late in the film.

HBOMB: "It's not like I lifted it

and posted it as my own," my foot.

He changes one thing-- the current date.

JAMES: Plato is obviously gay although it's easier

to say that in 2020 than it was in 1955.

- Peter Howell-- whose shit he jacked--

is not acknowledged in the video or the description

or anywhere else and never has been.

Like with Jes Tom,

this section was never caught until now

so he hasn't had the chance to go back and pretend

it's "based on" it.

It starts to feel like Somerton

is just an extremely cynical loser

with a business degree who-- like Blair--

and around the same time, even--

saw the success of video essays and decided to half ass

his way into them by stealing shit.

This is on the whole how business people see creativity.

They don't respect it. It doesn't matter.

It's beneath them.

So they can take it

and say it's theirs if they want.

But at this point my interest was fully peak weed (piqued).

I was just looking at the original allegations

to see if they were true to check for myself,

but even in just looking at those two,

I found two more places he stole from

that other people hadn't even found yet.

And if it was that easy to find more,

how deep does this rabbit hole go?

These videos were made over two years ago.

Did James learn his lesson

from being repeatedly caught plagiarizing

and at least stop?

Well, his next video-- "Society and Queer Horror--"

has a script supervisor in the opening credits,

and this person would go on to be his co-writer

for many future videos.

That doesn't necessarily mean the videos are better, though.

I mean, first of all,

that's not how you spell supervisor.

So write that down, but he even

has another writer now so surely--

surely he started making his own original videos

and things got better.

Well, things got much, much worse.

[Masakazu Sugimori's "It Can't End Here" plays terribly warped]

"Society and Queer Horror--" or as the video calls itself,

"Deep Cuts: Society and Queer Horror--"

steals so many words from so many writers,

it genuinely makes me think I've traveled

to an alternate dimension where plagiarism is fine!

JAMES: More girls end up in the same school

and find each other essentially by cruising the hallways.

Given Carrie's simultaneous status

as horror film victim and monster alongside

the narrative concerning her burgeoning sexuality

and attraction to boys--

or when Ripley asserts authority

in the team after Dallas is caught by the alien,

Ash the male robot feels threatened

and attempts to dominate Ripley,

regaining his masculinity.

It's fun, messy, mean,

sad, campy, and self-aware.

That's the key variable that makes "Hellraiser" so special.

HBOMB: I can't show you how messed up

this is without ruining this video's run time

even more than I already have,

so let's use visuals.

Here's a transcript of all the words James says

in this hour and 25-minute long video,

and here's all the parts that are plagiarized.

Each author's name is in a different color

for convenience.

This video steals roughly 10,000 words

from 18 different places,

and this is just the stuff I found.

There could be more!

A truly staggering portion of this video

is James staring into his prompter,

reading words he got by Googling "movie name" "gay."

I wish I could show you everything he copied

but we'd be here forever.

This is just one video and he makes so many of these!

And now we know how!

But Somerton thinks he's figured out a loophole.

It's a familiar spin on an old classic.

.It opens with a horror-themed credit sequence,

claims the video is based on the works of,

and briefly shows a bunch of names.

These are some of the people he plagiarized.

So if any of his plagiarism is noticed,

he can say,

"No, I name dropped them in the opening

for literally one second so it's fine!

This is the stupidest thing I've ever--

anyone watching this video would

assume this is Somerton showing

his sources or people whose work he read while writing the video,

not people whose writing is the video.

Based on the works of Colin Arason.

What does this mean?

There's no way of knowing what Colin's contribution

to the video was.

Does this mean he inspired a section?

That he gets quoted?

That James read him and used some of those ideas?

This mention means 21 minutes into the video,

the next five full minutes are word-for-word copied

from an essay he wrote.

JAMES: Benshoff recognizes "Hellraiser"

for some of its visual characteristics

but comes to the conclusion that too often

the representation of Barker's monster queers

seems similar to those produced by right-wing ideologues.

HBOMB: I don't think I need to tell you,

this is just plagiarism with

an even stranger excuse than normal.

Somerton never tells you when he's just reading

other people's word because then people would know

he didn't write anything.

He's hidden their name at the beginning

and in the end credits at the very bottom after

a long list of patrons,

so he can make a video out of other people's words

without ever saying when he's actually doing it.

Four minutes is just Andrew Park's article about the film,

"The Craft" with slight changes to try to hide it

and his usual LGBT/queer word-swapping.

JAMES: The film follows the story of four teenage girls

who each grow up feeling different

in one way or another.

Special and above the fray of their peers

or rejected by them entirely.

As so many queer teens have experienced.

The most memorable character by all accounts

is Nancy and she's already out as a witch,

openly practicing the craft.

She wears goth lipstick and black,

laced-up Stevie Nicks boots.

She has a sexual history

and a noose hanging in her locker.

Bonnie is a girl with self-image issues

due to scars that cover her arms and back.

HBOMB: Swapping "back" and "arms"

to "arms" and "back" doesn't work.

We can still tell.

JAMES: Chris--your typical teenage movie football jock--

persists in making bullying comments about

the three spiritual deviants who he calls

the Bitches of Eastwick.

Because he's just so clever.

HBOMB: Wow, what a great addition, Jimmy.

You really spiced up that anecdote.

Made it your own. Put your fuckin' spin on it.

Oh, well, this is a bit skeevy,

but at least Park's name is in the credits

so people can at least see his name and check him ou--

No, he's not in the credits.

Half the people James plagiarized in this video

didn't make it in. He forgot.

This whole "it wasn't plagiarism,

"I said it was based on them at the start" excuse

really doesn't work when you forget

to put half their fucking names in.

My personal theory is James came up

with this phony excuse during the "Evil Queens" fiasco

when he was already making this video

so when he made this list he'd already forgotten half

the people he plagiarized.

The segment about "Aliens" is completely taken

from Bart Bishop's essay,

"Queering James Cameron's Aliens."

JAMES: "Aliens" is curiously progressive

in its sexual politics overall,

especially for a movie released during

the Reagan years.

Take for instance the exchange

between Hudson and Frost.

This isn't just queer behavior being portrayed in

a positive manner but one of the many ways that

the movie obfuscates gender and supports a pansexual ethos.

HBOMB: My favorite part is when he reuses

an extremely long quote from author David Greven along

with Bishop's exact commentary on it with a very slight change.

JAMES: David Greven in "Demeter and Persephone in Space"

observes, "Bishop, the cyborg re--

[speech played at rapid speed]

Greven further suggest that the aliens--

and especially the Alien Queen--

represent a cis-gendered,

heteronormative status quo that resents the changing times.

[speech played at rapid speed]

So while Greven suggests that the conservative Alien Queen

has contempt for the queer family dynamic,

the metaphor could go even further.

Cameron creates a future where gender norms

have all but disappeared.

HBOMB: He changed "I'd go even further,"

to, "the metaphor could go even further,"

suggesting he is at least uncomfortable

using someone else's words in first person.

The copying of Bishop's "Aliens" essay

was eventually pointed out on his web site.

Bishop responded calling this very strange.

Bishop also made a Facebook post about being plagiarized,

+which is disheartening to read.

This situation demonstrates perfectly

the way respect

and social status factor into stealing.

James fundamentally doesn't respect the people he's copying.

He knows to quote people when they're well-known

but when he thinks he can get away with it, he doesn't.

A lot of queer analysis is sadly unrecognized

and James exploited this obscurity for clout

and hid a little excuse where people will miss it,

but only for about half of them.

As with several previous authors,

Bishop was not credited.

However, the video's credits do contain David Greven--

one of the authors Bishop quoted.

At first I thought Greven was in the credits

because he quotes him by name in this section

But no, he's in here because he also stole from Greven.

JAMES: In terms as resonant as they were phobic,

Scream was a cry of despair over an apparent amorality

in the millennial or late Gen X youth,

especially in the male population.

The homoeroticism of the Billy-Stu relationship--

which the film develops into an all-but-explicit

queer love affair--

shows both the unpredictable, anarchic,

bewildering behavior of the generation

and the shifts in male gender roles synonymous with it.

HBOMB: By complete coincidence,

the competent writers he's plagiarizing

are familiar with each other's work

and sometimes even quote each other.

Greven doesn't actually come up by name when James reads

his words out loud for five and a half fucking minutes.

The authors James steals only get their name mentioned

in the video if someone else he was stealing happened

to mention them! I'm losing my fucking mind!

When he quotes Bishop quoting Greven,

he puts this text up like he's quoting them.

However, like iilluminaughtii,

he doesn't list the source in any useful way.

This is because he doesn't know the source.

He got it from this article,

and he can't list the article as a source because

he doesn't want you checking and finding out what he's done.

It's the same reason he didn't film himself next

to "Evil Queens." He'd be giving the game away.

Ironically, this is how the Bishop plagiarism

was discovered in the first place.

Someone was trying to find the source of one

of these quotes and Googled it and discovered the whole segment

was a quote.

Somerton's videos are anti-educational.

They go out of their way to hide where they come from

or where to learn more.

But this gives me an idea for a hot new game.

Go to a random section of Somerton's video

and just Google the words he's saying.

Okay, I'm gonna literally click on a random part

of the video right now.

I'm gonna hold my mouse up to the microphone

so you can hear it. [mouse clicks]

JAMES: Dedicates an entire subplot

to romance between Richie and Eddie.

HBOMB: Okay. [keyboard clacking]

And here we go. One result.

Well, that was easy!

JAMES: "It" by Stephen King was published in 1986

and has made a lasting cultural impression.

The novel inspired a miniseries, two movies,

and ruined clowns for generations of children.

And adults, frankly.

HBOMB: Ha ha, good one.

This one is an analysis

of Stephen King's "It" by Rachel Brands.

He reads this article for about four and a half minutes.

And Brands is one of many people whose name didn't make it

into his dumb fucking credits.

I reached out to Brands about her essay being used

in this manner and she told me she'd never

been asked permission to use it

but she already knew it happened.

You see, she was a fan of Somerton's work

and even supported him financially on Patreon

so she saw this video as soon as it went out

and realized it was copying her.

This is so fucked up.

A queer writer who supported James financially

because she thought he was making original work

discovered she was funding the plagiarism

of work like hers, including literally hers.

Brands was never paid by

the web site she wrote this essay for since

at the time she was writing for exposure,

which she definitely didn't get when James didn't even

fucking credit her!

Somerton makes a lot of money doing this.

Tens of thousands of dollars in Patreon income,

ad revenue, his many sponsorships,

and another massive payday we haven't even gotten to yet.

Brands has never been compensated

for her contribution to James' financial success

and she's not the only person James plagiarized in

the section on Stephen King's "It" alone.

After reading Brands without crediting her

for almost five minutes,

suddenly he starts saying new words.

- Childhood trauma looms under the skin of the Losers Club

well into adulthood.

HBOMB: Wow, did James write part of his video all by himself?

[mouse clicks] Nope!

[laughs]

It's from "The Hollywood Reporter!"

We've seen this song and dance before.

It goes on for ages.

I'm just gonna highlight one

of the parts he changed because

it's so funny.

- Like every person on the planet,

the Losers remain trapped in their trauma.

They've just found new ways to cope.

Richie ended up telling jokes

and becoming rich and successful...

But always alone.

HBOMB: Somerton specifically removed mention

of a character finding success using other people's material.

That probably hit a bit too close to home, huh?

- The plagiarism thing, I don't--

I'm not--that's not-- it's not a thing.

HBOMB: After several minutes

of stealing Joelle Monique's article,

the video still has a bunch of run time left

to talk about "It."

- It is the hate that's unnatural.

The hate that is evil.

[keyboard clacking] HBOMB: Oh, for fu--

JAMES: When we get into the head of Don Hagarty--

Adrian's boyfriend--

and the author lets the reader know him...

He's sympathetic.

He's smart and loving.

He also sees the town for what it is--

sees its evil clearly and wants to leave it.

HBOMB: The entire 12-minute-long "It" section

is copied from three different articles back

to back to back,

and only one of the three authors

is even in these shitty credits.

Somerton didn't thank Brands or Monique

for the articles about Stephen King's "It"

he stole for money.

He did, however, take the opportunity

to thank Stephen King!

I love it when small indie writers finally get

the acknowledgment they deserve.

It boggles my tiny mind just how much every tiny thing

is stolen in this video.

He really briefly, like, for 30 seconds discusses

the appeal of witchcraft to queer people

and he steals an article for that, too!

JAMES: Witchcraft, on the other hand,

offered a spiritual space where queer people could step into

their personal power and explore otherness

without shame, guilt, or fear.

Furthermore, the idea of a coven creates

a space for community.

HBOMB: Based on the works of whoever wrote this sentence.

Of the 18 authors I found him stealing from,

only nine of them make it into the opening or closing

"based on" credits.

So at least half the people he copied didn't even get

a bullshit credit, and that's just what I found.

I'm pretty sure I missed some.

Maybe he reworded some parts better

than others so it's harder to check.

But after seeing how much shit he stole for this video,

I have no doubt the blank spaces are just someone else I missed.

After this video came out I think he decided

he'd gotten away with it so he stopped using

the "based on the works of" excuse

and just went right back to stealing shit.

[Masakazu Sugimori's "It Can't End Here" plays terribly warped]

Here's one of his next videos:

"Codebreakers: Queer film theory (and why it matters)."

This videos opening credits are just James

and the description thanks no one

but it's still full of plagiarism.

Zink Hero of YouTube loved this line by Somerton so much!

What am I willing to bet he stole this line, too?

Place your bets...

Directly into my pocket because yeah, obviously,

you fucking piece of shit!

- It also bears mentioning that if

a filmmaker doesn't choose to queer history,

that doesn't mean they're telling history like it was.

It just means they're straighting history.

Replacing the gay agenda with a straight agenda

does not mean that there's no agenda.

Somerton's fans praise him for the quality of his writing,

unaware it's not his.

Since the true author's names have been erased from the story,

they are prevented from learning who

they actually enjoyed and being able

to go read more.

I find this genuinely sad.

I know how! At one point he starts

explaining basic film theory.

Not basic by nerd standards.

I mean, it's like he's just reading Wikipedia.

Actually...

Not like.

- Today there are many different schools of film theory.

So let's talk about them.

The structuralist film theory emphasizes how films convey

meaning through the use of codes and conventions,

not dissimilar to the way languages are used

to construct meaning in communication.

An example of this is understanding

how the simple combination of shots can create

an additional idea.

The blank expression on a person's face,

an appetizing meal,

and then back to the person's face.

While nothing in this sequence literally expresses hunger

or desire,

the juxtaposition of the images convey

that meaning to the audience.

Marxist film theory is one of the oldest forms

of film theory.

Sergei Eisenstein and many other Soviet filmmakers

in the 1920s expressed ideas of Marxism through film.

In fact, the Hegelian dialectic was considered best displayed

in film editing through the development

of the montage-- a Russian invention.

Eisentein's solution was to shun narrative structure

by eliminating the individual protagonist

in favor of telling stories where

the action is moved by a group

and the story is told through

a clash of one image against the next,

whether in composition, motion, or idea.

Formalist film theory is a theory of film study that

is focused on the formal or technical elements

of a film, i.e. the lighting, scoring, sounds, set design,

use of color, shot composition, and editing.

It's a major theory of film study today.

Formalism at its most general considers the synthesis

or lack of synthesis of the multiple elements

of film production and the effects--

emotional and intellectual of that synthesis

and of the individual elements.

For example, let's take the single element of editing.

A formalist might study how standard Hollywood

continuity editing creates a more comforting effect

and non-continuity or jump cut editing

might become more disconcerting or volatile.

- Cringe. There's no other word for it.

This makes me cringe. It's embarrassing.

It speaks volumes what James thinks

of video essays as a format.

To him, reading Wikipedia is equivalent

to what everyone else is doing.

I don't know why you would make videos like this

unless you were just in it for the money.

Where's the joy of doing your own research,

your own learning,

and getting to share it in your own way?

These videos are a cash grab

with absolutely zero original thought or soul.

I didn't think YouTube videos could have souls

but now I've experienced ones that don't.

The end credits don't thank any of the people or wikis

who wrote this video.

Just James and his co-writer Nick.

Oh, and he thanks all his patrons

who give him thousands of dollars to read Wikipedia

to them without telling them.

And this puts us onto a related problem

with his videos.

This might be obvious

but James is a little bit lazy.

In "Codebreakers" in between the rest of the stealing,

he brings up the potential gay overtones

in "Legend of Korra" between Prince Wu

and Mako.

JAMES: Mako's will-they-won't-they

with Prince Wu--

HBOMB: But I thought the clips

from "Avatar" looked a bit blurry

for a video from 2020 when much

higher quality sources were available.

Did he just Google an old AMV shipping these two characters

and download it and slap it in here?

Nah, that would be ridi-- yes, of course he did.

It was this one. It took two minutes to find.

He just added black bars to the top and bottom

because he's trying to pretend his shit is cinema.

This is probably the laziest moment

in video essay history.

He's downloading other people's videos

to use as backing for a voice over

he probably didn't write about characters whose names

he can't pronounce.

It's like staring into a low bit rate abyss.

But it doesn't stare back.

James stares back.

The phrase "by James Somerton" is doing so much heavy lifting

he probably stole that from fucking Atlas.

There's a section where he just reads

the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy's explanation

of what homosexuality is.

JAMES: As has been frequently noted--

[speech played at rapid speed]

HBOMB: He looked up homosexuality

in an encyclopedia and pasted it into his fucking script!

Oh, my God!

The lack of effort is a running theme.

James doesn't really care what he's saying

and is just Googling "movie name" "gay"

so the quality of some of the places he's copying

are not very good.

His coverage of "Alien 3"

in "Society and Queer Horror--"

yeah, there's more people I didn't show you yet--

is taken from, uh, the "Cracked" article

"Five Terrible Movies With Awesome Hidden Meanings."

People sometimes compliment James

for his fancy opening titles with 3D movement and graphics

but he just bought these. Anyone can.

Look, here's the place he got "Society

and Queer Horror's" opening.

I bought it. Now it's mine.

Whee.

The opening of "Evil Queens--"

the highest production value part

of the whole affair is just more stuff he bought.

I'm not criticizing him here.

This is normal and fine.

He buys the fancy-looking bits and gets the rest from an AMV.

Presumably he hired a co-writer so he could stop pretending

he does any,

but that makes the fact they're still full

of plagiarism even more shocking.

Kat looked at his video about Jeffrey Dahmer

and found about five places he plagiarized without

even checking too hard.

JAMES: Thus the term "homosexual overkill" served

to normalize heterosexuality,

even heterosexual serial killers

while pathologizing homosexuality.

HBOMB: Look how much effort he put into rewriting

the thing he stole to hide it.

His dedication to not coming up with his own ideas

is almost creepy.

This video was a couple months old

when I started looking into James.

This is recent and I can't believe

how much he's still stealing.

The first words in the fucking video are stole.

- We all like true crime.

It's very suddenly become one of the most engaging forms

of contemporary entertainment.

HBOMB: He's really extruding the original words here.

He's put so much work into changing it,

it might have been easier to write something from scratch.

But this is James we're talking about.

He stops putting in the effort after the first few sentences.

JAMES: Again, both Bundy and Dahmer

were serial killers who tortured and murdered dozens

of people whose families are still alive

and can see these tweets and posts on TikTok.

HBOMB: He actually copies the previous section

of the article right before but Kat asked me before I play

this part to ask you to pay specific attention

to the change he makes here.

- There is a thirst for Dahmer

made apparent on TikTok and Twitter with hordes

of white women droning over how attractive he is.

HBOMB: This change is part of a running theme

throughout Somerton's work.

Um, misogyny?

[Masakazu Sugimori's "It Can't End Here"]

[booming]

In the parts of James' videos

that he actually writes himself or rewrites after stealing,

he really doesn't like women.

I didn't wanna open this can of worms,

but the thesis of the stuff he stole for this video

gets completely fucked up by

his rants about women being attracted

to serial killers.

He argues women are only attracted to Dahmer

because he killed gay men and not women,

which makes it easier for them to ignore the brutality

of his crimes, and if he'd killed women,

they wouldn't be so thirsty.

JAMES: Despite his cannibalism,

despite the decades-long erasure of his victims,

these women and mostly teenage girls

are swooning over him.

And why not?

To our knowledge Dahmer never

killed any teenage girls or any women at all

so there's a level of disconnection.

HBOMB: Women are attracted to the wrong serial killer.

How terrible.

But he couldn't stop himself

from also complaining about women being

into Ted Bundy who did murder women.

He goes off script

from the article he's stealing for that section

to complain about it even more.

JAMES: Navigating the ethics of true crime content is tricky.

[speech played at rapid speed]

A whole new generation of girls fell head

over heels for the infamous killer,

which was a grim remake in itself

of the real life Ted Bundy trial.

He had fan girls defending him in the press

and even begging to marry him.

Netflix's social media team actually begged viewers

to stop stanning Bundy.

HBOMB: He added a whole new bit fantasizing about

millennial girls' attraction to a serial killer

when, like, no,

they were attracted to Zac Efron,

the famously attractive celebrity actor.

This was a stupid tangent to begin with

but now his own video contains examples

of women fancying a serial killer

who killed women so his rant about women loving Dahmer

because he didn't kill women makes no sense

Really, he just wanted an excuse to complain women see

their gay friends as disposable.

- Because unfortunately to this day

many women still see gay men as nothing more than

a fancy accessory,

especially teenage girls who lust

for the perfect gay best friend.

A boy whose sex life is secret

so you never have to hear about it,

but he's always there to tell you

if your boyfriend's being a jerk.

Gay men and boys as a purse or a fancy iPhone case.

Something to show off but ultimately something disposable.

HBOMB: What teenage girl did this

to you in high school, James?

And why are you inserting fan fiction about her into

an article you stole instead of going to therapy?

This is the only new stuff he wrote.

The rest is stolen. This is all he has to say.

What the fuck is wrong with this guy?

These insecurities affect how he talks about gay women.

The videos are continuously punctuated

with tangents about how lesbians have it easier than gay men.

In one video he claims gay women historically

saw less legal persecution and his example is made up.

- And if you're wondering why this section

is so man-centric,

this is because the vast majority

of legal persecution of early queers

was focused on men.

In the legal case of Radcyffe Hall,

she in her book "The Well of Loneliness"

depicted World War I ambulance drivers

as being primarily lesbians.

English courts were really not pleased

with this depiction,

but women who love women was such an uncomfortable topic

for them that they threw her case out

of the courts and just let her carry on in her happy life.

HBOMB: Over here in reality,

Radclyffe Hall was found guilty of obscenity

and all copies of her book were ordered destroyed.

He's rewriting history to pretend women had it better.

This approach to female queers reaches

a territory where he doesn't

even accept other people's identities

if he has a bone to pick.

In one video while trying to argue queer women have

it better than men in Hollywood,

he misgenders two show runners.

JAMES: So why don't gay men get

to represent themselves in media?

At least media that's widely accepted by the mainstream.

Queer women get to represent themselves

at least sometimes.

Look at animated hits like "Steven Universe"

or "She-Ra and the Princesses of Power."

HBOMB: ND Stevenson and Rebecca Sugar

are trans masculine and non-binary respectively,

but for the purposes of James' point,

they count as women,

and if he really doesn't like something,

he just assumes a straight woman did it.

JAMES: The only way I can possibly account

for anyone saying that this is straight is a bunch of women

and girls who are experiencing the most willful ignorance

I've ever seen.

HBOMB: His "Yuri on Ice" video just guesses anyone

who interprets the characters

not being gay must be a dumb ass woman.

He's shockingly committed to this principle.

In a video that just came out he claims he still gets comments

on that video from straight women denying

the gay anime is gay.

- Then again that video still gets comments

from usually straight women-- no hating, but still--

who incessantly deny that there's any queerness

coded or otherwise present in that series.

HBOMB: James, how do you know they're straight or women?

Did they all say so in their comment?

If you don't like something so you assume a woman wrote it,

you're doing misogyny.

There really isn't another word for this

It's pretty straightforward.

Also I just went through the last year

of comments on that video

and none exist that make this accusation.

He's lying. He just made up straight women to get mad at.

As arbiter of gender,

James also gets to decide who's queer

and who isn't.

I don't know who gave him this power,

but it means he has a lot of fascinating opinions about

"Love, Simon."

The film is based on a book

by Becky Albertalli--

a bisexual woman who was not public about

her sexuality when the book was published.

Albertalli was subsequently harassed

for years, accused of writing a book

about being gay without being queer herself

and being a straight woman profiting off

the queer community.

In 2020 she came out publicly with

a quite powerful essay about how she was doing

it specifically because of this type of shit.

This event hopefully serves as a lesson not

to make assumptions of people's sexuality

and then write criticism based on those assumptions.

But James didn't get the memo.

In 2022 he managed to write a video complaining

that many stories about gay people

are written by straight women and used "Love, Simon"

as the only example.

- Because their life experiences did not match the experiences

about gayness set by straight women

with a kawaii idea of two gay people.

You have mass consumption media which takes gay emotions

and removes gay experiences,

leaving a husk of empty gestures

and unanswered questions

which feels more like

a gambling addiction than

even implied representation.

HBOMB: James was years late to the party

and still accused the openly-bi author

of being a straight pandering to the gays.

I'd say I wonder what Becky Albertalli thinks

about this but I know what she thinks

because she left a comment on his video

explaining how shitty it feels getting lumped in

with the straights yet again years after coming out

specifically after being treated poorly by people like James.

When this happened this is how he complained

to his fan Discord about her.

"She isn't happy I included her in

"the straight female authors section.

But I never said she was straight."

James is still sore about this mild push back.

He now refuses to acknowledge "Love, Simon" by name,

referring to some unspecified incident.

- This is compounded through several other

high profile instances of gay media,

specifically one which made waves in 2018

but that I will not explicitly mention

for reasons. If you know, you know.

HBOMB: Someone asked what he meant by this in the Discord

and he clarified he meant "Love, Simon,"

and in true James fashion made up a story

where he didn't do anything wrong.

He simply mentioned he wasn't its biggest fan

and the author ripped into him on Twitter and stuff.

As far as I can tell Becky never tweeted anything

or said anything anywhere about him

except his comments section.

He's having to twist the story pretty hard

to seem like he didn't do a shitty thing here.

He called a bi author a straight with kawaii ideas

about gay people, didn't think she would see it,

and she criticized him for doing it.

So this is the non-stolen work.

The stuff he writes himself.

Open bitterness about women, lies,

and grievances over being criticized for this.

I'm gonna regret saying it but he should have stuck

to the plagiarism.

He complained on Twitter about being criticized

for being so harsh on the women who thirsted after Dahmer,

not realizing he was actually being criticized

for a pattern of behavior.

These criticisms were valid already

but I would like to supply the context

that he stole the words he is saying here

and reworded them to be more mad

at women specifically.

James, what the fuck are you doing?

I am trying to maintain focus for once in a video

and stick to the plagiarism but I just can't get away

from how this guy fucking sucks.

James doesn't get caught stealing

as often as he should do because he's cultivated an audience

of younger queer people who don't read the kinds

of stuff he's stealing from and don't recognize

open misogyny as long as it's qualified

as "white" women.

But on the rare occasion that he is caught,

his solution is to private or delete the video

and reupload a slightly changed version

and hope no one digs into

this extremely suspicious behavior.

For example...

[Akemi Kimura's "There's No Sleeping Tonight"]

While I was doing preliminary research

late last year,

a funny thing happened.

Somerton's YouTube community page was wiped.

Hundreds of posts from over several years

disappeared overnight.

At this point I'd spoken to a few

of the writers Somerton had stolen from

and I wondered if maybe one of them had publicly accused him

but after doing some more looking

it turned out, no, someone else had independently noticed

they'd been plagiarized because there was still more!

Seldomusings--a Wordpress blog--

had made a post accusing Somerton

of plagiarizing a blog post about "Attack on Titan"

from 2013, and then I thought, "Wait.

"Doesn't Somerton have a video from September 2022 called,

like, 'Attack on Titan and the Death of Media Literacy?"

Well, he did.

Finding a link, it was suddenly set to private.

Over a million and a half views had been wiped from his channel.

Huh.

I already had a copy downloaded because, well,

Somerton has deleted inconvenient videos before

and I figured something like this would happen again.

I'd been going through his videos chronologically

so I hadn't got to that one yet but what's kind of funny

is I know I would have noticed this plagiarism myself if I had.

That blog post has gone viral multiple times.

It's one of the main sources for western awareness

of "Attack on Titan's" author's right-wing views.

If you're deep on anime fascism discourse,

this is a classic post.

I've seen it linked and referenced dozens

of times over the years.

It would make sense to point to this post

if you were discussing the political implications

of "Attack on Titan,"

or you could even quote it

and cite it as a source.

Well, wouldn't you know it?

Somerton doesn't link the post

or quote it anywhere

or acknowledge its existence.

He just copies it.

- This outrage should come

as no surprise knowing

the history between Japan and Korea,

but that is exactly what most people may not be aware of.

Korea was occupied by Japan from 1910 to 1945--

[speech played at rapid speed]

HBOMB: James doesn't acknowledge the writing he's stealing at all

though he does find the time to make a long opening sequence.

"James Somerton presents,

"directed & edited by James Somerton,

written by Nick Herrgott and James Somerton."

This site was active briefly in 2013

with a post in 2016 clarifying the blog was done.

They came back six years later

to talk about James stealing their work.

HBOMB: Somerton saw the author call him a plagiarist

and panicked and hid the video, deleted all his community posts

so there was nowhere to leave a comment

asking what happened this time.

He was preparing for his plagiarism to go public

and locking everything down.

If what Somerton was doing was a defensible artistic choice

he'd be defending it, wouldn't he?

He'd say, "This is a normal thing

to do and I'm going to keep doing it."

Instead, he does it secretly and hides the videos

when people notice.

It's clear he knows what he's doing is wrong

and would just rather keep stealing

than actually do any work.

But while we're talking about the "Attack on Titan" video,

you know he didn't just steal one thing.

The video's an hour long.

No self-respecting marketing expert

would do all that work himself.

In this video and only this video,

he quotes several YouTubers,

like he has their text on the screen

and he reads it out,

and he would never normally do that.

He would just steal their words

and pretend he came up with them,

which means he must be stealing from someone who quoted them.

And, uh, yeah!

- For a long time anime fans had no way

of knowing what their favorite writers

and artists even looked like,

let alone what they thought about the world.

HBOMB: Three and a half minutes of this video comes

from Gita Jackson at Vice Motherboard.

And, yeah, when he quotes YouTubers,

he's actually quoting Jackson quoting them.

I can't believe I fucking called it.

- YouTuber Geoff Thew argues:

HBOMB: Now, this isn't just an article quoting someone.

Jackson reached out to Geoff for his opinion

on this topic.

There's no where else James could

have got this quote,

and this time he really fucked it up.

At one point he uses a quote Jackson got

from historian and scholar Andrea Horbinski

but remember how he sometimes find-and-replaces words

like gay or trans to queer or LGBT to hide it?

He accidentally did that to the quote.

- As they put it:

- This is the most amateur shit I've ever seen.

This is sub high school level plagiarism hiding.

You don't find and replace text in the quotes, James!

People in Somerton's official Discord server

were asking what happened to the video.

On January the first this year he said the video

was coming back up that day and that it had to come down

because of a missing source.

That's a very strange way of saying someone noticed

me plagiarizing them and criticized me for it

and I deleted fucking everything.

The new version he uploaded is a minute shorter.

He just cut out the sections where he directly read

the blog post.

The video is even more stilted

and strangely written than normal.

The point Somerton was trying to make here was so important

he was willing to steal it from someone else.

Now that point is missing and the surrounding conversation

makes no sense.

The new version opens saying the original had

a citation error, but if that was the problem,

why didn't he add a citation instead

of deleting the section completely?

Well, one reason might be he wants the credit for himself,

but the other is if he added their name now,

anyone who checked would see the author's new post

saying he plagiarized them.

Somerton's only way out is to hide it

and hope no one notices.

He doesn't want to stop stealing.

He just wants to not get caught doing it.

If he thinks he can get away

with keeping something in, he does.

The three minutes of the video written completely

by Gita Jackson are still in the new version

completely unchanged.

As of recording this video,

no one else seems to have noticed this yet

but if anyone does he'll doubtless delete

the video and reupload a new version

with that piece missing, too, and call it a day.

James has done this repeatedly in the past.

Several other videos open with text claiming they had

to be reuploaded to avoid a mysterious

and unexplained "copyright issue."

One of them was "Codebreakers."

At some point it was taken down,

altered to hide some but not all of the stuff he stole

and reupload it with a new title.

"Queering Cinema (by any means necessary)."

The opening titles still call it "Codebreakers," though.

Every time he reuploads the video,

the name is different. It's very confusing.

And his well-meaning fans assume that his constantly taking down

of video and reuploading with pieces missing

is a sign of his integrity.

They talk about how much more they respect him

every time he reuploads a video like this.

Every time because he has to do it a lot.

The reality is Somerton has had years' worth

of chances to be the man of integrity

his audience wants him to be,

and despite this being his full-time job,

which he makes thousands and thousands of dollars doing,

he would rather keep stealing.

By the way, that reupload of "Codebreakers"--

"Queering Cinema--"

around the time of the "Attack on Titan" drama,

it disappeared again.

As far as I can tell it's still gone nearly a year later.

Maybe some authors noticed what he did and said something.

Maybe so many pieces had to be taken out

there was nothing left.

The frequency with which he's had

to hide videos to cover this up is staggering.

Scrolling up his Discord's video announcement page

you can see right away a shocking amount

of stuff that mysteriously went missing

without any explanation given.

For some reason Nick wrote a joke on this page about how

to tell who wrote what part of each video.

It's cute but I'm gonna take it as confirmation

that if a section doesn't contain these words,

neither of them wrote it.

While I was browsing his public fan Discord

I found myself wondering about Nick, his co-writer.

Does he know?

[dramatic suspenseful musical sting]

Nick Herrgott-- also known as N.T.Herrgott--

is a writer mostly for James's videos

but he does have

a self-published young adult novel.

So, there we go.

He's a better writer than James

as far as I can tell in the sense it doesn't look

like he steals things.

So does he know what his boss is doing?

I checked the fan Discord to see if they talk about

the writing process and I found Nick

has a special section dedicated to previewing part

of the scripts for upcoming videos,

which is a really nice feature.

Or, it will be if they wrote them.

Nick showcases parts he's written

and as far as I can tell they're actually his.

And they're pretty decent, too.

And sometimes he shows things James wrote.

This is part of the script for a video called

"How Disney Tore Down 'The Owl House'."

And it actually made it into the video.

Let me play it to you.

- [inhales sharply]

[claps] Nick literally says,

"James wrote this."

So at the very least-- at the very least--

James Somerton wrote this text, right?

No!

HBOMB: It's an article by Julie Tremaine

for the "San Francisco Gate."

I wonder how she feels about having her work reposted

to an audience being told it was written by James Somerton.

Holy shit! If it's any consolation, Julie,

James Somerton's Discord thinks your writing is harsh but true.

"I love any time y'all talk about Disney."

Jesus Christ, it wasn't y'all! It was someone else!

It was them'll!

But the way this post was phrased implies Nick

has no idea James did this.

He probably saw the text his boss put in

the shared script and assumed he wrote it because

if he didn't that would be really fucking bad.

And it's not just these two paragraphs.

A solid four minutes and 40 seconds

are taken from this article.

What's weird is James actually acknowledges

in the video he has no idea why he went on this tangent.

So, what does all this have to do with "The Owl House?"

Well, I just wanted to point out how big of a tool Bob Chapek is.

HBOMB: He stole a bunch of words for literally no reason.

They don't even connect to his point.

He just needed to pad his run time, I guess.

Here's another section of a script Nick shared.

This is from a draft of the "Attack on Titan" video.

Wait, what's this? "Shonan?"

Okay, "shonen" is a Japanese word.

There's, like, five ways to spell it in English

and this isn't any of them.

Here's how we translate "Bessatsu Shonen Magazine"

where "Attack on Titan" was published.

Has he never seen a single issue of "Shonen Jump?"

This video sucked, by the way.

He didn't know anything about the genre he was discussing

and now it turns out he can't even spell it.

I hope this section was plagiarized.

Then again maybe this time Nick found something he liked

in the script that James actually wrote.

Uh, nope! It's also stolen! Again!

It comes from culturalreview.com,

the web site-slash- personal blog

of Tyler Hummel who hopes to bring thoughtful

and enjoyable commentary on popular culture

and entertainment from a culturally conservative

and religious perspective.

In case you're wondering what that means,

he thinks Batman is too woke.

Right before the section James copied into

a document and told Nick he wrote all by himself,

Hummel complains about Marxism and critical race theory

and then randomly whines about people

who criticized "Game of Thrones'" final season

before posting Lindsay Ellis' video about it

as an example of people he hates.

In his quest to seem like he knows what he's talking about,

he's willing to borrow the words of a guy who hates him

and everything he stands for,

including Lindsay Ellis who he credits

for getting him into making video essays.

Another crime Lindsay should pay for.

Wait a minute.

Did he film himself next to "Disney War"

because Lindsay did?

Was he copying that, too?

Normally I would think I was overreacting

but he's stolen everything else.

I don't know anymore!

At least that means he didn't get "shonen" wrong.

That must have been the nutcase he copied from.

No, that's one of the few new words

he added to the stolen segment.

James Somerton is the dumbest motherfu--

To be completely fair,

this piece of the script didn't make

it into the final video.

So it seems Somerton thought better than

to steal from one of the most insane people

in the world.

But the fact Nick keeps accidentally

showing pieces of the script James stole,

assuming he did write them implies even

his co-writer has no idea he's doing this.

I feel kind of sorry for Nick.

His trust has clearly been violated here.

He's been made a liar without his knowledge

because he trusted his boss and I assume friend.

That's a messed up situation to be in. Seriously.

I thought it would be worse if Nick was in on it

but it's the opposite way around, isn't it?

It's so violating imagining people work for James

and I assume make most of their income

from working for him and don't know

what they're signing up for.

I don't know how I would feel in his position,

but not good.

This sucks. Worst of all,

I think James might be using Nick as a shield.

Whenever any mention

of the old plagiarism stuff comes up,

James immediately brings up how Nick actually writes

the videos and there's no way he would plagiarize.

- I have a co-writer who came from academia

who--where--plagiarism

in academia gets you kicked out of school.

Like, it gets you fired.

Um...

Nick co-writes my videos.

There is no plagiarism.

It's like he's trying to redirect possible negative

attention onto his unsuspecting co-writer.

Whenever plagiarism comes up,

James brings up how great Nick is

for writing all the videos in a totally not suspicious way.

- Because if it was like somebody accusing me

of plagiarism especially recently,

the videos are so heavily written by Nick

that there are--they would be accusing Nick of plagiarism

and I will not fucking tolerate that.

HBOMB: Remember, James knows there is plagiarism in

his videos because he did it so when he responds by saying,

"No, Nick writes the videos, and he would never do that,"

it's like he's setting him up to take the fall.

- Nick is an angel for tolerating me

and writing the videos as well--like--

with his fantastic talent so that I would just not tolerate.

- So either Nick is plagiarizing as well

and that's why the new videos still have

a ton of plagiarism,

or James is doing it and now when it comes up

he throws Nick under the bus.

But James isn't content pretending

to make video essays. No.

He wants to wipe on a bigger canvas.

[dramatic suspenseful musical sting]

In 2022 James Somerton started an IndieGoGo

for a film studio he wanted to open called Telos Pictures,

which intended to produce films focusing

on LGBT characters and stories.

His video pitching Telos included

a series of ideas for miniseries',

feature-length movies, and short films.

For example, "Final Girl--"

a short about a woman who had survived

a typical slasher story.

The initial goal of $6,000 was to make two

of the short films but with stretch goals for making more.

The campaign made enough money to make almost all of them,

over $86,000 Canadian dollars,

so a bit over 63,000 in USD.

Telos has been a runaway financial success

for James. As of today,

18 months after raising over $64,000--

more than ten times its initial goal--

Telos has made nothing.

For people who supported Telos,

updates on what's happening have been few and far between.

A few months after the campaign ended,

he claimed "Final Girl--" one of the short films

on the slate-- was in pre-production

and had been expanded into a full movie,

but they were having trouble with casting

and were considering relocating to another part of Canada.

The next update would come seven months later with

the announcement James had moved to Toronto

to try to find actors and they dropped "Final Girl"

and moved on to a new project,

one which wasn't on the original list people funded,

called "The Listener."

He'd be spending 20 to $30,000

of the Telos money on it and as an apology

for the lack of updates,

he would be adding an update page

to the Telos web site later that week

to keep people informed.

Ten months later, this hasn't happened.

The Telos web site does, however,

have a working donation page where you

can give him more money for rewards up to

and including getting to make requests about

the films. Uh, what films?

Months later this July he announced Telos

had finally been incorporated as a real company.

He called this a long and pricey process.

Incorporating in Canada is a few hours of paperwork

and costs $200 Canadian.

He claimed an update was coming within a week.

This was almost three months ago.

The Telos Twitter account hasn't been updated in well over a year

but he recently opened a Telos Bluesky page which

has made one post with a poster

for a new movie supposedly coming in 2024

which isn't "The Listener" or any

of the previously-mentioned films.

Every time I look in on Telos,

I find no updates on what's happening

but I do find out about a new movie they announced.

The web site is currently claiming another new film called

"The Sub," estimated release of 2023, is in pre-production.

Better get a move on, then.

Telos keeps announcing new projects with

a new poster to go with it consisting

of a stock photo with text over it

and then not making any of them.

This one's already being used for a real show that exists.

He keeps putting text on stock photos

and pretending it's a real film in pre-production.

It doesn't exactly inspire confidence

how fast new films are being dreamed up.

One of them even had a teaser consisting entirely

of stock footage only to never be spoken of again.

This one isn't even mentioned on the web site at all anywhere.

Movies take time to make, even short indie films.

And for the record, so do video essays.

But the lack of updates on what is happening or which film

is even being made is a little disconcerting.

Continuing the trend

of James' work not really being his,

we need to talk about "Final Girl--"

the first project which was canceled.

"Final Girl" was at one point coming this fall

which at the time was 2022.

The people who funded this film were told

to expect it by autumn last year.

They got pretty far on this one.

In late June James tweeted the script was done

but then all of a sudden James moved on to "The Listener"

and the five other films he started since then.

But unlike many of James' other

announced projects which still have

a poster and a tentative release date on the site,

"Final Girl" disappeared completely.

What happened here?

He claimed he gave up because it was too specific

to Nova Scotia and he had to move to find actors

but there could be another reason.

The name and synopsis of "Final Girl"

are extraordinarily close to a book which already exists:

"The Final Girl Support Group" by Grady Hendrix.

I wonder if Somerton is aware of the similarity.

It would be weird if he wasn't because it was one

of his favorite books of 2021.

He started the IndieGoGo with this short film idea

a few months after making this post.

You'll be shocked to discover but something

of James' turned out to be stolen and evaporated.

The 18-month journey of Telos consists

of Somerton being paid $65,000

to make a dozen fake movie posters.

So far James has ripped off bloggers,

novelists, authors--

anyone who writes text for a living, really.

Oh, and Wikipedia and AMVs because watching Korra

for himself was too much effort, apparently.

If you're queer and you wrote something good,

no you didn't. But now we need

to talk about the time he somehow

went even further than that.

Let's talk about the time he ripped off

another gay YouTuber.

Remember "Unrequited--" the video that ripped off

"The Celluloid Closet and plagiarized Peter Howell?

Before any of "The Celluloid Closet" stuff

had even been discovered,

James had already been caught ripping off someone else

with the same video!

How? How are there still more?

[upbeat electronic music]

A later section covered examples of queer baiting

in various TV shows including BBC's "Merlin,"

the recent "Teen Wolf" TV series,

and "Sherlock," whatever that is.

But people began to notice these sections

were suspiciously similar to one another YouTuber

had already made.

Alexander Avila whose channel used

to be called "AreTheyGay" has a series of videos exploring

the queer implications between characters

of various shows and he's covered "Merlin,"

"Teen Wolf," and "Sherlock."

The part of Somerton's video covering "Merlin"

feels like he watched Avila's video

and very slightly rephrased it,

but what made it really obvious was the footage he used.

They weren't just similar.

They were exactly the same.

Avila had this one part where he fades

between several different scenes across different episodes

to show the evolving character dynamics.

This is Avila using editing and his knowledge of the show

to make a point.

That same sequence appears exactly

in Somerton's video.

Avila's video puts text over the footage to explain

the character's thoughts and justify his interpretation

of the show. This text is still in there

in Somerton's version.

This is sloppy even by James standards.

He even keeps in a joke Avila made.

- If I wasn't a prince-- - What?

- We would probably get on.

- ♪ Let's get it on ♪

HBOMB: Um, in case it wasn't obvious,

uh, Marvin Gaye's "Let's Get It On"

wasn't in the original show.

Avila put that in there for a joke.

And, uh, you're not gonna believe this!

- We would probably get on. - ♪ Let's get it on ♪

HBOMB: Uh--

Somerton stole Alexander Avila's video essay

and reused it and just recorded his own very similar version

of the voice over and jokes.

ALEXANDER: It really is like a romantic comedy.

- Oh, come on. You've seen a romantic comedy.

You know how this works.

HBOMB: This is the worst and laziest example

of plagiarism I've ever seen.

Reusing other people's work like this is not right,

especially when, you know,

you make a living making these videos.

He only said things about the show Avila also said.

It's extremely clear Somerton hasn't seen "Merlin."

He just reused Avila's work.

The other sections covering "Teen Wolf"

and "Sherlock" also had extremely

similar-looking sequences.

He'd downloaded and reused several

of Avila's videos.

When this was discovered,

Avila tweeted to Somerton about it,

asking for proper credit and in the future

to ask people permission before doing something like this.

He also left a similar comment on the video

which finally got James' attention.

The next day Somerton set "Unrequited" to private

and contacted Avila on Twitter.

I reached out to Avila

and asked him what they discussed,

and he gave me permission

to share these messages with you.

Somerton apologized

for using his material without asking,

claiming he intended to reach out but forgot to

and he had been in a rush to finish the video before

the end of pride month, and in this rush,

he ended up using a lot more of your content

than I ever intended.

He then offered to credit Avila in the description

of his video. Ah, yes.

That old trick.

He also perplexingly asked Avila

to delete his comment because he put an awful lot

of work into his videos and felt discredited by it,

which, frankly, is a wild thing to say to someone

you just admitted you stole from.

You're not the one putting the work in, buddy!

Avila said he would rather Somerton upload

a new version that credited him in it directly

or perhaps he could watch Merlin and make his own arguments.

He also reminded him that passing someone else's work off

as their own is far more discrediting

than pointing out someone did that.

Somerton never replied.

Somerton admitted he plagiarized Avila's work

but he had an explanation.

He was too busy.

To busy doing what?

You don't do anything!

The video was never unprivated.

Instead, a few days later,

it was reuploaded with pieces missing, of course.

This reupload was also in three parts saying

the video had been edited to remove content owned

by other parties.

The reuploads also say which part of three they are,

except for part three which is also called part two.

Somerton had put in about as much work as you'd expect

from someone who copies for a living.

In the new version the "Merlin" section

was completely removed.

However, this was the only change.

So later parts of the video still refer back to it.

JAMES: Much like with "Merlin,"

the pair start the series off of a bad paw.

HBOMB: The "Teen Wolf" and "Sherlock" sections

were kept the same so all the video sequences got

from Avila for those parts were still in there.

He didn't accidentally use any obvious parts where Avila's text

or jokes came up so I guess he decided

it was fine to keep it in.

The way James treated Alexander--

stealing several of his videos then when caught offering

to hide a credit in the description

like that would change what he'd done

and then reuploading the video with half the stuff he stole

still in it-- is a clear indicator

how little he thinks of his fellow queer creators.

He does not care about doing right

by other people in his community.

He cares about making money by any means necessary

What makes this even clearer is how publicly

he does not admit fault or even pretend he learned anything.

To this day he lies about what happened.

When the plagiarism allegations came up on that live stream,

he made up a completely new story that contradicts

the apology he gave to Alexander.

He claims he downloaded a highlight reel

of "Merlin" clips from somewhere else

and that highlight reel stole from Avila's video

so technically he didn't steal from him

and it was all just a misunderstanding.

- In the original "History of Queer Coding" video,

I used a highlight reel from the show "Arthur"

that another, um...

Uh, YouTuber had, um...

Used and I thought it was just a highlight video

but apparently it actually came from another video, um,

from the channel AreTheyGay.

HBOMB: He repeats and refines this story

throughout the stream.

- And there was one where I took a highlight reel...

In 2020...

From a highlight video that happened

to be from a video from...

Um, a YouTube channel--

HBOMB: The only problem with this story

is we have receipts.

- And I took a highlight reel to highlight the queerness

in the "Arthur" show--uh, no, "Merlin" show and...

It was pointed out to me that that didn't come

from a highlight reel.

That came from...

Uh, an actual video and it had been stolen

from that video for the highlight reel

that I took it from. Um...

Nick co-writes my videos.

There is no plagiarism.

There was--as I said and I will say one more time--

a highlight reel from the show "Merlin"

that I took from a larger highlight reel video

that was apparently sourced from a video

from the channel AreTheyGay.

HBOMB: James admitted directly to Avila that he took

from his work on purpose although he intended

to steal less. How considerate of him.

James is lying directly to his audience

to protect his reputation.

He can't even own up to his behavior.

He just keeps lying,

and he didn't even stop stealing.

A little while after the stream where

the allegations came up,

he made a post on Patreon to try to explain

the allegations for people still asking about them.

You have to be a Patron to see it

so avert your eyes if you're not giving James money.

In addition to repeating the lie he got permission

from Sean Griffin to adapt "Tinker Belles and Evil Queens"

before making the video,

he again states he got the clips from a highlight reel

which got them from AreTheyGay.

Left to his own devices,

James will just make up what happened,

and since his paying customers haven't seen the evidence

of him admitting he did it,

they have no option but to assume it's true.

James did this on purpose with multiple videos

and is lying to his backers so they continue

to support him financially.

James, you've been to business school.

You know there's a word for that.

And even if I hadn't reached out to Avila and got that woefully

hilarious confession,

I could still have objectively proven he did it.

[suspenseful music]

♪ ♪

There's one last missing piece of the puzzle here.

Ignoring for a second he admitted

to Avila he took from more than one video,

ever since he's always pretended it was just "Merlin."

If I could somehow prove he also used Avila's other videos

for those sections,

that would show the extent of the copying

and how much he's lying to cover it up.

But like I said,

the "Teen Wolf" and "Sherlock" sections

aren't as obvious.

He doesn't steal any jokes.

He just very boringly spouts arguments similar

to Avila's while playing what looks like the same footage.

It's harder to prove he downloaded

his video to make this which is probably why

he feels comfortable pretending he didn't.

I was thinking of watching both videos

closely side-by-side and contrasting the clips

to show they're all the same,

wasting even more of my precious life

watching "Sherlock" than I already have,

but then I was reading James' tweets

from when he was making this

and I saw that he posted a picture

of him editing this video with his timeline visible.

Forgive me but the opportunity to do something like this

comes once in a lifetime.

[pinging]

[Masakazu Sugimori's "Pressing Pursuit - Cornered"]

[beeping]

[whip cracks] [beeps]

Before you'd even uploaded the video,

you posted a picture of the Sherlock section

of your timeline and the source footage

is clearly labeled, "Are They Gay?"

You had proven you plagiarized Avila before

the video was even done.

Also, delete your channel.

Let's get a big picture look

at how much stealing James has done.

As of making this motion graphic there are 56 video essays

on his YouTube channel dated after October 2018.

A minimum of 22 contain some amount

of plagiarized material.

He also has two essays exclusively

to his Vimeo page.

According to him YouTube flagged them not safe for work.

These have a ton of plagiarism in them, too.

Several videos were taken down and then reuploaded

with parts removed like "Attack on Titan"

and a few others.

I don't know how I should account

for reuploads on this list,

but we should at least include videos

which were deleted and never came back,

like "Codebreakers" and, hey, welcome back, "Unrequited."

He took that reupload down, too, at some point. I wonder why.

And let me be clear,

this is just the plagiarism we know of.

We could have easily missed the stuff in the other videos

or there could be more deleted ones

we don't even know about.

That's a minimum of 26 videos that steal stuff.

Like James said,

there's not three or four examples.

There's hours of examples.

An entire channel's worth of examples.

This isn't a one-off mistake or a misunderstanding

or a citation error.

This is a pattern with no sign of stopping.

There's no fixing this,

and there's no undoing the damage he's done directly

and indirectly by using so many people's work

without credit for money.

A lot of people have been burned by James.

Not just in terms of having their writing

or videos stolen,

one even giving him money to find out

he was stealing from them.

But on a basic level,

liking someone's work and funding them only

to realize you're funding plagiarism is humiliating.

James has become one of the biggest LGBT YouTubers

in the room essentially absorbing all

the support and attention that would have otherwise gone

to people who actually do work.

Other gay video essayists have to come up

with their own opinions and actually write them.

They can't compete on volume with a guy who's willing

to rip off dozens and dozens of other people.

Many of the people he's copied were paid very little

and in some cases not at all for their original material

when they wrote it.

They were hoping their writing would be recognized

and result in future work and more of a career,

and in a way their good work was recognized

but only by James.

How much recognition do you think they got

when James read their words without crediting them?

And on the other hand,

how much money has James made from them?

How much money has he made in fundraising

to start a film studio on the back of this career

he got from them while making no films?

Gay writers are already poorly recognized

for their work and contributions.

It's a common problem.

James should know about this.

In "Codebreakers" or "Queering Cinema"

or whatever it'll be called next time,

James has a surprisingly eloquent section

about how gay people keep going missing

from history and being forgotten.

This part was stolen, too.

- So as we start out on our lifelong personal journeys,

how do we discover our queer identity

if we don't know much about those who came before us?

HBOMB: Steven Spinks' column is extremely moving to read

and genuinely important.

And no one watching James' video had

the chance to learn his name.

James made a lot of money repeatedly reuploading

a video about the erasure of queer people

and he did it by erasing queer people.

I guess when he renamed it "Queering Cinema

(by any means necessary)," he meant it.

Every reupload, the credits get longer.

The list of people he's conned grows.

The works he's stealing from aren't doing quite so well.

This column was written in 2019

for "Midlands Zone" magazine,

the UK's biggest regional gay publication.

Due to the impact of the pandemic,

"Midlands Zone" ceased production in 2020.

This year their official site went down along with

its archive of articles like this one.

Googling the words James stole now

gets you no results.

I only found this plagiarism because I noticed it before

the web site fell off the internet.

Good writing about queer living is hard to find

and easy to lose,

and in obscurity it becomes even easier

to pretend it was yours.

None of the money he makes will go to the people

who wrote the great lines his viewers enjoyed.

They get to rot in the very obscurity

he pretends to criticize.

While James takes all the oxygen for himself

to promote only himself and position himself

as a crusader for real representation

while giving a speech he stole about how gay people

keep going missing from the story,

I wonder how that happened.

- It provokes a deep and meaningful question,

I think.

What is the real, tangible impact

of gay erasure?

HBOMB: There is something a little bit soul-crushing

about watching a man be paid thousands

and thousands of dollars to literally plagiarize

the phrase, "What is the real tangible impact of gay erasure?"

This is the impact.

I don't know what I'm supposed to do about this.

I don't even know if I should be making this video.

I was just trying to double check two

or three old plagiarism accusations

and I ended up finding a whole bunch more

and I have functionally made a drama video about some guy.

And worse, if this video goes up and is monetized

and gets views,

I have been paid-- financially rewarded--

for making this.

I don't find that acceptable.

Especially not when the story is really about people

who were never compensated for their work being stolen.

So to make sure I have no financial incentive

to make a video like this again,

I'm going to be dividing any of the ad revenue

this video makes among the creators James stole from.

I'll be conducting a thorough examination

of every video James has posted including

the many he has deleted I can find archives of

and contact everyone I can.

At least the stuff he got from that weird right wing guy

isn't in the video so he technically wasn't stolen from

and doesn't need to be paid.

You dodged a bullet for me there, James.

It also occurs to me now that I will have to make

a substantial donation to Wikipedia.

Something that really got to me researching this video

is watching James pitch himself as the queer creator to support.

Making YouTube queerer entails giving him and his movie studio

your money and not the other talented people

who have a fraction of his support.

He extremely rarely recommends or speaks positively

of any other creators as if to him fellow members

of his community are competitors.

He acts like no one else is talking about these issues

and no one else sees things his way

even though he stole those observations

so obviously people do.

The trickle-down effect of this behavior

is a little upsetting.

From the look of his comment sections,

his devout fans believe him when he says there's no one else

doing what he does.

It's a manipulative strategy.

Some young queer people feel underrepresented because

the main guy they watch says they are,

and that sucks to see happen.

So I want to recommend some of my favorite queer creators

in case James fans who made it this far need

to know someone else they could watch and support.

Matt Baume is a brilliant creator

who--to put it bluntly-- is the platonic ideal

of "What if James Somerton was good?"

His videos are entertaining but also well-researched.

He doesn't need to steal from books to discuss

the evil queens of the Disney canon.

He writes his own books because he actually does his own work.

His video about Disney villains is a favorite of mine

and a palette cleanser after watching someone reconstitute

other people's observations into smug hamburger.

Khadija Mbowe's ability to be energetic

and funny when handling sensitive topics

is incredibly refreshing and instantly makes

the conversation at hand so much more useful.

Their video about the politics of coming out,

the evolution of the concept,

and whether maybe we fixate a little too much

on what it's come to mean in modern culture is great.

Give it a shot.

Lady Emily's videos are all made for me.

But the one about Harley Quinn and Poison Ivy explores

the history of two of DC canon's most important characters

and why they make such an engaging couple in stories.

I recommend it especially if you've not seen any

of the good stuff coming out of DC lately,

which does exist, like "Teen Titans Go!"

Or the Snyder cut.

Shanspeare covers a broad range

of issues from AI to Lolita but their video about true crime

is a great tour of our species' long-term morbid fascination

with gruesome stories.

Shanspeare asks "why are we fascinated

with true crime" with real curiosity rather than judgment.

They don't even make up any white women to get mad at.

Amazing! RickiHirsch has made a ton

of videos about media and gender over the years.

Kat only found her by searching "queer horror" on YouTube

and scrolling down for several minutes

to see what was buried under the huge pile of James Somerton

and X and Y being gay for Z-minutes straight

I recommend her recent one about body horror which explored

gender's role in it in a way that made me say out loud,

"Oh, right, yeah.

It's good. Give it a shot.

I just found out about Verity Ritchie

and their channel verilybitchie. Good one.

But their videos with the help of co-writer Ada

are really entertaining.

I should recommend the video

about the lesbian gaze just to offset the baggage I had

to experience making this,

but the one about "Doctor Who" and women is great

and also deals with gayness, so it counts.

And after all this I'd be amiss not

to recommend Alexander Avila whose latest videos

have been real bangers.

The type of content he makes has evolved in the last year

or so from funny queer-oriented media analysis

to funny queer-oriented life analysis.

"TikTok Gave Me Autism" is really good

and I'd plagiarize it if I could get away with it at this point.

There's a ton more queer creators out there covering

the topics James pretends to and they manage to do it

with their own words even without his massive budget.

Linked in the description is a playlist

with these and more video essays on queer media

or history or politics or philosophy

or queer anything, really,

from creators you should consider giving a look

if you haven't. It's been reassuring,

putting this part of the video together

and getting to fully realize there's plenty of us out there,

and most of them are very cool.

James was the exception to a group of entertaining,

thoughtful, and kind human beings.

I'm proud of us.

Yeah, I guess that's the word, isn't it?

Anyway, let's try to pull a rabbit out

of this bloody mess of a hat.

I'm gonna put my wall back up and try to come

to a wider conclusion about plagiarism real quick.

One sec. [groans]

Rachel, you haven't even held the camera.

Can you help me with this at least?

That's right. She's real.

You don't know me.

[grunting] To me, to you.

It's on! Thanks for that.

[laughing]

We've talked a lot today about what plagiarism is

but we should also talk

a little bit about what it isn't.

It's completely fine to be inspired

by someone or build on ideas you got from somewhere else,

especially if you're open about it.

Famous big boy YouTuber Ludwig has a thing he calls

the Yoink and Twist where he gets ideas

from existing videos and openly broadcasts he's

doing his own spin on it.

In his video about that one guy copying

the capsule hotel video,

he happily says where he got the stuff he drew on

for his own work.

- This is me trying silly chess ideas.

And--and look at all the tweets beside me

with the "Your ideas suck." Genius. Genius thumbnail.

I got it from Fundie. I got it from Fundie.

I made your dumb ideas from Minecraft

and then he has a bunch of tweets next to him.

HBOMB: It's hard for anyone to feel ripped off

when he's open about where he got the ideas.

I'm old enough now that when I was yay high,

I was here for the first time

this conversation happened on YouTube.

It's easy to get rose-tinted about

the early days,

the 240p wiki-wiki Wild, Wild West

before anyone had sponsorships

or even qualified for ad revenue.

There was no money in it so people just made

what they liked making.

Things were better. More original then.

This was never the case.

There wasn't capital but there was social capital

and that spends almost as good.

The AVGN--one of the subjects of this video--

had dozens of knock-offs vying for his spot.

The Irate Gamer, The Game Dude,

The Sega Kid, Urinating Tree,

Armake21, Acoustic Rocker,

Undercover Filmer, The Pissed-Off Angry Gamer Man.

- Nintendo Shit Cube.

- Even before there was any money in it,

we were drowning in people competing

to be the guy calling NES "Batman"

a shit load of fuck.

But even back then,

you could draw a line between people

who cynically wanna be the guy and people who wanted

to be themselves but inspired and informed

by ideas they liked.

Second generation critics like The Spoony One

are open about drawing inspiration from Armake21,

one of the better angry reviewers.

And how many people claim inspiration

from Spoony One today?

Too many.

Stop Skeletons From Fighting who--

unlike everyone I just mentioned--

is still around today because he developed his own

new ideas, started out by taking

inspiration from all these people,

and then deliberately doing the opposite

with the Happy Video Game Nerd,

being positive about games he liked.

Now that's a Yoink and Twist.

YouTube is a beautiful cesspool of inspiration,

remixing, riffing, parody.

Drawing on existing ideas is a great way

of making something new and unique.

It's only wrong when you add nothing

and try to pretend it was yours in the first place.

And you don't have to cite your sources like

a rocket scientist, either.

Sonic lore YouTuber Cybershell frequently uses information

and images he got from web sites like "The Cutting Room Floor"

and just explains where he's getting it from

and often asks permission to use it.

A coward would hide their source in a Pastebin

and not mention it anywhere else,

but his videos are great because

he shows you where you could learn more

and maybe even makes fun of you for not reading

the web site yourself in the first place while explaining

the topic in his own way.

This is why Kat is forcing me to tell you his channel video

is objectively the best thing on YouTube.

Uh, thanks a lot, Kat.

Fittingly, when Cybershell inspires someone,

they're equally open about it.

When one of his videos led Allen Pan

to invent a device to steal soda from Universal Studios,

he tells you right at the start he found out about

the original from Cybershell's video.

This is the community spirit I love to see on this web site.

It's kind of beautiful watching a wider story unfold.

One generation of Baja Blast thieves

passing on their designs to the next.

If you're honest about it,

there's not even anything wrong with adapting a book

or telling people what you found on Wikipedia.

Different people like getting information in different ways.

Wikipedia lets people record and upload readings

of pages so you can learn about Bhutanese passports

through audio and they do it for a reason.

- Bhutanese passport.

Some people might even prefer a video version.

It would practically be an accessibility feature.

Making video adaptations of interesting books

or Mental Floss articles is an idea with potential.

It's a way of spreading writing and ideas to a new audience

and all you have to do is be honest about it.

That also forces you to be accountable.

You'd have to ask permission and get the approval

of the people who wrote what you're adapting

which clears up any potential criticisms

or infringement on the existing work.

Speaking of adaptation, what about different languages?

This is another way of sneaking plagiarism under the radar.

- You might be wondering why I am subtitled in Portuguese.

A few years back Geoff Thew--

the guy James quoted someone quoting--

covered how a Brazilian YouTuber had been stealing dozens

of videos from him and other

English-speaking creators but in Portuguese

so us [speaking foreign language] would never notice.

This sucks but it also points to one of the core barriers

to accessibility for creators.

Most videos are trapped in their mother tongue,

making them hard to watch in other languages

and therefor easier to steal.

This is why some clever creators very smartly let their producer

trick him into paying people to do proper captions

for the vaccines video in Portuguese, Spanish,

and French so more people could engage with

the facts of the story.

And "Pathologic" into Russian

because I know who watches that video.

Translation is a big part of video discovery

in more ways than one.

For Spoony fans a lot of his old videos used

to be missing as non-YouTube video hosts died

and their content didn't make the jump.

Many of his videos weren't viewable on YouTube were

it not for TheSpoonyRUS.

A Russian fan of Spoony reuploaded his videos

with Russian subtitles,

and some of these were the only versions

of those videos that existed on the net,

at least for a while.

Subtitling his videos didn't just make him accessible

to a new language but to the original language, too.

That's pretty cool.

But you can go deeper than sub. You can dub.

- [speaking in Russian]

HBOMB: CounterStrike tuber 3kliksphilip dubbed two

of a Russian creator's videos about mods they made

into English with permission, of course.

It's very cool that a video about game development got

to cross the language barrier for us

[speaking foreign language] to enjoy.

There might actually be a market

in adapting videos like this.

I'm sure some of my videos would do very well

if someone translated them into English.

I think a lot of people are inclined

to protect creators they like on the grounds that plagiarism

is a very academic-sounding problem,

like something that happens in research papers or journalism

not something that you can do in a silly video made

for entertainment purposes.

Why are we holding YouTubers to "standards?"

That would be like expecting accurate history

from someone whose name has "historian" in it.

Because YouTubers often project a sense of being scrappy,

do-it-yourself amateurs,

it feels almost wrong to expect them to be professional

but a lot of them are professionals,

regardless how authentic their persona might be.

YouTubers are now among the most recognizable faces on

the planet and have become immensely wealthy doing this.

Some are so influential we literally call them influencers.

Maybe it's a good idea to have some standards

for not stealing.

Maybe.

In current discourse YouTubers simultaneously present

as the forefront of a new medium,

creative voices that need to be taken seriously

as part of the next generation of media

and also uwu small beans little babies

who shouldn't be taken seriously when they rip someone off

and make tens of thousands of dollars doing it.

YouTubers who act like serious documentarians gain

a shroud of professionalism which then masks

the deeply unprofessional things they do.

We just saw that with James.

I think he's partially got away with what he's doing

for so long because he acts so professional about it

so people assume there's no way he could just be stealing shit.

So they don't check.

And on top of that a lot of James' videos

contain obvious mistakes and made-up facts

which we haven't even had the time

to get into in this video.

But because they're often presented next

to well-researched stuff he stole,

no one questions it.

I've seen James repeat a lie in his videos

and then other people claim it's true

and link his video as the proof.

He has helped to solidify misinformation

by seeming like he's doing his diligence.

To quote the great philosopher Daniil Dankovsky,

"Truth does not do as much good in the world

as the appearance of truth does evil."

Just kidding, he actually stole that

from François Deelarozièracoes. Sight your sources, Bachelor!

This becomes extremely glaring once you've seen how

the other side lives.

At he last VidCon I went to, like, four years ago,

I was taking an Uber and a bunch of people came in it with me

'cause we were all going to the same place.

A bunch of big YouTubers who I don't know super well,

including really massive one, like way more important than me,

you know? And we were all just

making small talk and I made a joke

that was actually quite funny about

the topic we were talking about,

and this big YouTuber, she laughed...

And took out her phone and tweeted it.

She heard my joke and just casually went,

"Ooh, I'll have that." And it became her joke.

And she just took it.

People really liked the joke, too,

which felt kind of good but not really.

What are you gonna do? Complain?

And start a massive public fight

with someone extremely famous

and get smashed into dust by thousands of fans?

No, thanks. And that was my Uber, too!

I paid money to have one of my jokes stolen

by a multi-millionaire!

When people hit a certain level of celebrity

they start to think the world actually revolves around them

and they can just take something if they want

and say it's theirs.

I don't have a clever analysis here.

Some people are just fucking weird.

I'm not smart enough to know what we're supposed

to do about plagiarism.

I think trying to fix it in any systemic way

could risk making it worse.

Let's imagine YouTube introduced some kind

of plagiarism claim system.

We'd be expecting someone at YouTube

to be able to decide whether something

is plagiarism or not and I don't like the idea

of YouTube having any more power than they already have.

If there was a system for handling plagiarism

the iilluminaughtiis of the world wouldn't stop.

They'd find ways around it.

We've seen in this very video how easy it is

to get away with copyright infringement.

Just blur the logos and slap a filter over it.

These systems are so untrustworthy,

when Internet Historian correctly got copyright claimed

for stealing an entire article,

people automatically assumed it was some kind of mistake

because YouTube is quite fairly viewed

as bad at handling this.

Just as likely to shut down perfectly fair use work

as it is actual infringement of copyright.

A system like this would also allow bad actors

to falsely accuse people which would create a lot of problems

for their targets.

People falsely copyright claim videos

they don't like all the time already.

It's happened to me.

I almost had to give a Nazi my home address

so that a video would go back up.

I'm half expecting some of the people

this video was about to try it with this one.

Maybe let's not give YouTube

any more easily-exploitable features.

I want my joke back but I can live without it

if it means not giving the bad guys another toy.

Simply being able to talk about plagiarism

and bring attention to it and let people decide

if something is and who they want

to support going forward, that's good enough for now.

But don't take my word for it on this.

I'm certainly not.

Someone smarter than me might

come up with a better idea

so let's keep our eyes peeled for that.

As technology progresses,

the methods of plagiarism are getting strangers

and more complex.

The hot new tool in the stealing tools box is generative AI

like ChatGPT, Stable Diffusion, or Midjourney,

which can produce new art or words on command using

a process known as stealing.

Sorry, that's an over-simplification.

The process is called, um... [papers rustling]

Complicated stealing.

Theoretically, generative AI works

by training on a large data set of existing material

to figure out how to make new things.

Before we even ask whether stuff generated by this counts

as original we have to ask,

how did they get all that material?

Well, by taking a lot of stuff without its creator's consent.

ChatGPT has intricate knowledge of copyrighted works

it shouldn't legally have access to

and when you ask it to write something original,

it's just smooshing all the stolen data together

and using pattern recognition to try to guess the next word.

It can't actually intuit things based on context.

Here's what ChatGPT thinks I'd say about ChatGPT.

"It's like having your own personal tutor,

therapist, and fact-checker rolled into one."

"So whether you're here for the knowledge, the banter,

"or just to see how deep the rabbit hole goes,

buckle up!" [laughing]

It knows I say "buckle up." I'll give you that.

None of the people whose stuff was stolen to create this

were asked permission or compensated.

I certainly wasn't.

But you bet they're charging you a monthly subscription

for the privileged of using theft machine 4.0.

What you look into what a large language model

actually does it boils down

to a slightly more advanced version

of mashing the predictive text button on your phone

which makes it especially dangerous

when it comes to writing reliable information.

AI frequently hallucinates imaginary people, books,

and historical events,

because it doesn't actually know any facts,

just what facts look like.

It's like asking James who came up with Disney Gay Days.

You can't trust it.

They had to put "Don't trust me," at the bottom

so they don't get in trouble for inventing a machine

that makes up lies.

But because it has copied a lot of text

and can guess a lot of new ways of saying it,

the power this tool brings specifically

to thieves is tremendous.

ChatGPT's one truly impressive feature

is how well it enables plagiarism.

You could just pasted a bunch of stolen stuff

you got from Wikipedia or someone else's video in there

and tell it to rewrite it so it sounds different.

I wouldn't be surprised if James' videos suddenly

stop having easily-detectable plagiarism in them

right around the time computers become able

to launder this type of theft.

Now it's a machine accidentally changing the quotes.

Some creators have found people copying

their work using this exact method,

feeding their videos' transcripts into a GPT,

asking for a different-sounding version,

and using it as the basis for a new video.

While it's scary to consider a world where machines

crank out videos copying your work and replace you,

the plagiarism is extremely obvious.

It's just someone's script reworded badly.

The thumbnails are just a thesaurused version

of the originals that doesn't even make sense.

And the videos themselves actively demonstrate

they're using footage from the original video.

It's sloppy. The videos are unwatchably bad,

so no one watched them.

When someone finally did, they were caught immediately.

Not to downplay the chance for these to be successful,

or the possibility of a more sophisticated

version in the future,

but it's heartening to recognize

that these aren't even really AI.

A person had to make these videos.

It's still just people doing the stealing here.

Pointing out AI was involved is almost a misdirection.

A human being stole a video and made his own.

All the AI did was speed up the process of making

a shitty, obviously-stolen video

by doing the bad rewriting for them.

People have been ripping each other off

long before AI happened and for now

it's still people.

So why do people plagiarize?

We've talked a lot of superficials in this video,

wanting money or prestige or clout

or to get one over on your enemies

by jacking their stuff,

but these are small things.

There's other ways of getting those.

The reasons humans copy like this I think goes

a bit deeper.

We don't exactly live in a world built

for humans, do we?

There's no guide book for happiness

or success or a sense of place in the world,

and the people claiming to have one for you

are really just trying to sell you something.

We spend most of our little lives struggling

to make these feelings fade away or find something

to placate them.

It's either ennui or being on weed.

[laughs] I know it's a little pretentious

but we're all searching for a sense of meaning

and purpose on our lives and those things

are hard to come by.

There's a little bit of nothing in all of us,

and we'd like to fill it with something.

Opening your web browser and seeing someone

who seems to have it figured out,

making you feel better and entertaining you,

and seeming to attract an audience

on this roulette wheel of a planet, that's powerful.

There's someone who seems to understand

what they're supposed to be doing.

And it's working.

That's all anyone really wants.

Sure, in retrospect,

a bunch of people wanting

to be exactly like the AVGN

sounds silly but he knew who he was.

He was the angriest gamer you've ever heard.

We can laugh. In fact, you're supposed to.

But that's a human being with purpose.

There's someone who's not anxious about their place

in the world anymore.

It's very difficult not to want that completeness

for yourself, not to just be like someone,

but to be them--

to attain that sense of knowing.

In real life James Rolfe is a human being

with all sorts of problems and fears,

but that doesn't stop people from wanting to be like

the person he seems.

Someone who knows their place in the world.

A know this is getting a bit pretentious

and heavy for a video about plagiarism.

But I do worry there are people out there

who will never get the chance to become who they are

because they're too busy trying to be like someone else

who at best has it figured out for themselves just

a little bit.

I feel like I know who I am and how to live my life,

and that makes me feel happy and somewhat complete.

And I don't think I'd have ever found myself

if I was trying to chase someone else's sense

of completeness. Basically,

no one knows how to live your life.

And you might not, either.

But the only person who's gonna figure it out is you.

And you won't find that by trying to be

the next that person.

You can only be the first of whoever it is that you are.

Other people help in small ways, though.

They give you pointers to who you could be,

and I think what makes me happiest

in the world is feeling like I might have helped

some people with that.

People take inspiration from my work sometimes,

and that is very cool.

It's the ultimate flattery and let's be honest,

the closest I'll ever come to having children.

If you find any happiness

or success making something creatively,

and you think I helped...

Thank you.

Feeling like I can do that for someone

makes me happy in a way I can't describe.

And, uh, if you find a lot of success doing it...

Give me all of your money.

[cheerful music]

♪ ♪

Wow, the boom mic is still out of frame.

Oh, the light literally just went off right now.

Went out of battery.

Pretty good timing that

it went off just right then.

I'm just gonna leave it off.

Thanks very much for making

it all the way through this video.

And a big thank you to my patrons

whose names should be going past the screen right now

in some form, uh, for keeping the lights on

and allowing me to keep making stuff like this.

Not literally this, though.

This shouldn't have happened.

I have good videos coming

that I've also been working on.

Those are happening as well.

I didn't just make this for ten months. I promise.

I have a video about "Myst" that's 90 minutes long

and it's just up for patrons. Check it out!

That video is actually good!

♪ ♪

You know, uh, the review in "Film Comment"

of "28 Days Later" that was ripped off

in the Cin-- [thuds]

In the Cinemassacre section? I knocked it over.

The "Film Comment" web site claims

that that was printed in the physical magazine.

"Film Comment" has an actual magazine edition.

Um, so obviously I thought, "Well, if I could get

"a copy of that,

"that would be great for some footage.

"I should get some-- get some shots of it

for the video."

So I painstakingly tracked down a copy

of a 20-year-old magazine.

Which I just knocked on the floor.

One second.

Here we are. Um...

And I have footage of me opening this to get the shot

of the review and it's not in it.

[laughs] I thought, "Oh,

"maybe they messed up which issue

of the magazine it was in on the web site."

But then before I did any more searching for ancient magazines,

uh, I e-mailed Professor Sayad and just asked

if it was ever printed and she said no, it wasn't.

So I wasted a lot of time trying

to get a shot that I ended up not getting.

And that's why videos like this take this long.

Imagine something like that happening

once a week.

This is why people steal things.

Doing your own research is life-ruining.

Tune in next time when I make a doughnut.

That's not a joke.

That happens in the next video. Bye.

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