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Dünyanın En Derin Yerine İnmek | Mariana Çukurunda Ne Var?
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Perhaps the only place on Earth that is unexplored
and full of mysteries is the
ocean. Oceans
cover more than 70% of the Earth's surface. The
average depth of most oceans is 3.7
metres, but this one is more than 11 metres deep
. Mariana Trench. A place deep down
that, despite the freezing cold and incredible
pressure, hosts beings waiting to be discovered
. But
do we really know what's hiding in such a deep place?
How was this hole discovered?
What did this have to do with the Soviet Union?
What was the secret of the two mysterious sound recordings coming from the Mariana Trench over time? In this video,
we will seek answers to all these questions and together we
will delve into the depths of the Mariana Trench and embark on a mysterious journey. [Music]
About 180 million years ago, while
jurassic dinosaurs ruled the land,
a war broke out in the depths of the ocean
. Two massive tectonic plates
slowly but unstoppably
collided with each other. The Pacific plate
began to slide beneath the Philippine plate. This enormous weight pulled the ocean
floor downward, and over time, the
deepest fissure on the planet was born. Mariana
Trench. The Mariana Trench
stretches for 2,550 km across the ocean floor. The
deepest point of this massive crevasse is exactly 10,984
meters below. The latest measurements say the depth is
more than 11,000 meters.
In other words, this place is as wide as the continents horizontally, and
deep enough to include Mount Everest vertically, and in 1872, this
place was about to be discovered.
HMS Challenger embarked on
one of the greatest scientific ocean explorations in history
. With this expedition, they
wanted to map the ocean floor
and traveled approximately 70,000 miles around the world
. This was
equivalent to going one-third of the way between the moon and the earth.
They took measurements at 350 different points during the trip.
An iron rod attached to a long rope
was used during measurements.
Depth was calculated when the rod touched the ground.
These voyages produced the
first rough map of the ocean floor
. On
one of these trips, they stopped near the island of Guam in the Western Pacific and
and
let go of the rope. The rope
Even though minutes passed, the rope was still
going down and the reel was getting faster.
was getting faster.
3,000 meters, 5,000 meters,
7,000 meters. Those on board
looked at each other in surprise. The end of the rope had
not yet come. Finally the reel stopped.
When they looked at the measured depth, they
couldn't believe it. 4475
fathoms, that is, 8185 meters. Silence suddenly
enveloped every corner of the ship.
No depth they had ever encountered
had been this extreme.
Such a deep, seemingly bottomless
void under the sea. It was as if
they had come face to face with a hidden fissure in the earth. That
day, the crew of HMS Challenger had written the first page of
a discovery that would go down in history without even realising it
. At this point, let me talk about
some information that very few people know
. The depth recorded during the initial exploration was actually
actually
measured incorrectly. Currents and bending of the rope
were not taken into account. The other thing was that the
idea of mapping the ocean floor was actually for military purposes, not scientific purposes
. The ultimate goal was to
identify suitable areas for submarine cable laying and optimize military sea routes.
routes.
Going back to the story, years later,
in 1951, the British Navy's
research ship HMS Challenger 2
wanted to use the new sonar technology. In fact, the sonar system was
invented in the early 1900s and
began to be used to detect enemy submarines in the 1940s. The sonar system
sends sound waves underwater, and
these waves
travel until they hit something.
When it hits solid objects it reflects back. In this way,
it was learned what was in the seas and how deep it was.
They said, "Why not use this technology to map the sea?" Moreover, it was
much cheaper and faster than lowering a rope into the sea and measuring. The most
curious thing was how deep the Mariana Trench actually was.
was.
Another incredible discovery was made when the HMS Challenger 2 ship took measurements.
When they looked at the screen, a depth of approximately 10,900 meters
was visible. The deepest point in the ocean
. If we placed a 102-story Empire
State Building here,
it would look like a toy at its deepest point
. After this discovery, that depth was
named Challenger Deep to honor the ship. At that time, people wanted to know
how this pit was formed and what it
looked like. Because
this was the deepest point on our planet
. All they wanted now was to
Just like exploring the depths of the ocean,
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. This is exactly where Sorbil
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. Sorbil also has
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. As a member of the International Accreditation
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. As for the price,
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Chapter 2. Journey into the deep. Now
they wanted to descend to the deepest point in the Mariana Trench and conduct research, but there was a big problem.
The pressure at the deepest point was 1,000
times greater than normal. It's
like having the weight of three Eiffel Towers on you .
.
A team working to understand what this would look like has simulated
this situation on a visible scale with their experiment
. They took the head of a dummy mannequin,
placed it in a pressure capsule, and
subjected it to high pressure. The
resulting image was both interesting and
funny. The puppet's head
had shrunk significantly due to the pressure. Moreover, it was
in a structure filled with dense rubber.
It's scary to even think about what would happen to a normal person. So they
had to find a solution to this. In 1953,
crazy Swiss Augusto Picard
wanted to be the first person to descend into the Challenger Deep and observe this pit.
For this purpose, it
was necessary to build a pressure-resistant submarine. In the
early 1950s, Pickart designed
a special high-pressure submarine called the Batiskf
. While classical submarines were
generally built for horizontal movement and long-term
cruising, submersibles were designed
for vertical diving and reaching maximum depth
. The first studies on this invention
began in Italy in 1953. The
first test dives were made in 1954, but they
could only descend to 3500 meters. In 1958, the US
Navy purchased Trieste and
modified her. So it
was redesigned to withstand 11,000 meters.
Trieste's first Mariana Trench descent
finally occurred on January 23, 1960.
Not August Picard, but his son
Jack Picart and Dan Walch of the US Navy
volunteered to go to the bottom. August
was too old for this task and could
not afford it. These two
would travel in a narrow space for 9 hours. Moreover, it was
a very risky journey and all
preparations had been completed.
They began to descend slowly towards the bottom at 3 miles per hour. After 3,000 fet
they were completely plunged into darkness.
After a while, they witnessed a miraculous event
. They had seen sea creatures that emitted light on their own
. It
They managed to reach the bottom in about 5 hours. Depth of 36,000 feet.
This is a place that 99.9% of humanity
will almost never witness in person. The darkness
itself. The unknown world in silence. As the
crew approached the final stage of the descent,
they saw through the windows a soft, mud-like sediment and very few marine creatures.
What was particularly striking was the presence of a flat white fish about 30
cm long at the bottom
. According to scientists, this
was impossible.
It was known that bony fish could not survive at that depth,
but perhaps science was wrong. Jack Pickart
Pickart
wrote in his book about this journey: "The
answer to the question biologists had been asking for decades was
suddenly before us.
Could life exist in the deepest part of the ocean?
Yes, life was there. Before our eyes
. The camera footage was blurred by the rising sediments during the descent
. The team had
no choice but to go up, but
they had accomplished the incredible:
they had descended to the deepest point ever reached by humans.
Of course, the USA was quick to turn this to its own advantage
. After the
Soviet Union became the first country in space in 1957, in
1960, they
touted themselves as the first country to reach the deepest point on Earth. The
USA had embraced the work started by a Swede
. Frankly, it was no surprise.
Anyway, this area, which includes the area where the team landed
and is below 6,000 meters, was
long ago called the hadal zone
. It took its name from Hades, the god of hell, who governed the souls of the dead
and held the gates of the underworld
. This
darkest, coldest, and most irreversible
part of the oceans was like the land of the dead." It was
like a reflection in an undersea. And
perhaps that's why, years later, that
that
mysterious sound recording from the depths of the Mariana Trench suggested to some that
something else might actually be living there
. Part 3. Mysterious Sounds.
This recording, recorded by Noa in 1997 and unlike other massive ocean sounds like The Blob, could
be detected even from 3,000 km away. It
bore no resemblance to the sounds of waves, earthquakes, or known marine creatures. Some scientists suggested it
might belong to a giant marine creature
. Others suggested it
pointed to an unknown geological event on the ocean floor,
but no definitive
proof was ever found.
In late 2014,
Noa's deep-sea microphones first picked up
a low hum, then a rising, high-pitched
ringing. Initially, the mystery remained
unsolved, but
after months of analysis, they recognized it as the unusual call of a balinoptera
ajutorostrata, the minke whale
. At least, the closest option. That was it.
But one question remained unanswered
: Why was this sound only heard
during certain periods and around the Marianas
? The source of that mysterious sound and
and
what lies deep within the Hadal Zone remain unknown.
Perhaps one day, our technology will lead us to the
truth behind the darkness there
. But until then, the Mariana
Trench will remain one of our planet's greatest mysteries.
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