Selenium WebDriver with Java for beginners

in this tutorial we will learn about the

selenium the selenium framework why is

it called as a framework and

what are its advantages and

disadvantages and its components

so let's get started now here as an

automation tool we will be studying the

selenium webdriver

for this you need to have some prior

knowledge about the java and i have also

explained what are the requirements of

an automation tester

i will give the link in the description box

box

so when you go for an interview as an

automation tester the very first

question that comes to you is what is selenium

selenium

see this is very important before

mastering your skills in selenium you

need to know what is selenium is at

components as advantages and

disadvantages and what are the different

types of frameworks so we will be

so first let us understand what is selenium

selenium

selenium is a portable framework for

testing web applications now here there

are three terms to understand in this

definition one is portable second is

framework third is web application

now what is portable

portable in general uh it means to be

easily transported or relocated that is

the meaning of portable

now what is framework framework

framework

we can divide the word framework into

two parts frame plus work that is if we

work in a frame like here you can see

this house right

this is a house frame or a basic

structure or a supporting structure with

the help of this structure we will be

able to build a house

so this is a framework

so framework just gives us the basic structure

structure

which will uh add our code for greater

functionality of the system now you must

be thinking why do we use framework we

use framework for reusability and we

don't need to build things from scratch

like suppose

let us take up an example if you are

making a dynamic web page and what will

you do you will create folders like suppose

suppose

index.html then style.css validate.php

and etc see the problem here is not that

you have to create folders but the

problem is that you have to follow the

same process again and again

but if you use a framework we don't have

to worry about that

you just need to code your logic and

that's it so that's framework

framework just gives us the basic

structure round

which we will add our code for greater

functionality of the system

okay that's framework

next we have web applications

now there are basically three types of

applications web-based application

desktop application and mobile applications

applications

web-based applications are applications

that can be accessed through browsers

that is like the online forms the

registration forms those are online

based applications

then we have the desktop application the

desktop applications are the

applications in which we we install in

the local system for example the

microsoft word excel powerpoint

that's your desktop application

mobile applications are application we

install our mobile in our mobile through

a play store we download some apps like

whatsapp flipkart amazon those are

mobile applications

now selenium is a portable framework for

testing only web applications selenium

tests only web applications that is the

application that can be accessed through browsers

this also serves as a limitation but we

so moving forward

first thing

we will choose linear because of cost

selenium is free it is open source as

compared to the other tools like qtp and

uft they are a paid

the second point is flexibility

selenium supports multiple programming

languages like java c sharp python ruby

and many more whereas if you go to some

other tool like qtp it supports only vbscript

vbscript

next is the multiple browsers

selenium supports multiple browsers like

chrome firefox safari and many more

whereas if you take qtp as a selenium

tool it supports only chrome

it also supports multiple os like

windows linux apple and many more

the main important point is that why are

we using selenium because it supports

parallel testing now let me tell you

what is parallel testing

the browser will execute the commands in

two ways

one is the parallel execution second is

the cross browser execution now here you

see on the screen parallel execution let

us understand that first parallel

executions are execution in which the

test scripts opens all the browser at

the same time and executes at the same

time it's called as parallel execution

here you can see there's a test scripts

then you can see there are three

browsers over here the first one is

chrome the second is the firefox the

third is the internet explorer

so the test script will open all the

browser at the same time and executed at

the same time this is parallel execution

we will explain i will explain it with

an example just wait first understand

what is cross browser execution

cross browser execution let us take up

an example like suppose

uh in the test script over here it is

written to insert some value in the drop

down menu

so this command will be first executed

in the chrome browser

when the execution is finished that is

when the value is inserted in the drop

down menu

then the firefox browser will be open

and the command to insert the value in

the drop down box will be executed

and when that command is executed then

the internet explorer will be opened and

the command will be executed so this is

called cross browser execution that

means the test script will open the brow

chrome browser first

after two three minutes when the

execution is done it opens the firefox

browser and then after some time it will

open the internet explorer browser this

is cross browse execution cross browser execution

execution

whereas in parallel execution if we have

the same command to insert some value in

the drop down menu then this command

will be executed in all the browsers at

the same time this is parallel execution

now let's move a little deeper towards

the selenium uh we will study the

selenium components which come prices of

the selenium suite total we have the

four components like the ide rc web

driver and grid

let us discuss ide first

now the selenium ide is the most

simplest tool in the entire suites of

selenium it is nothing but an integrated

development environment

see earlier this ide was simply just a

firefox extension and

it's just a play around tool like you

know you just play record functionality

mainly it is useful prototyping and it

is used only for demo purposes

you cannot use ide for creating

automation real-time projects because of

its some limitations we will discuss

those limitations later then the next

component is the rc that is the selenium

remote control

it is used to write web application test

in different programming languages it

interacts with the browser with the help

of the rc server

through which we can interact to the web

browser but this rc server got

deprecated in the selenium version 2

and was replaced by the web driver in

the selenium version 3. we will discuss

that also why it happened

the next component is the selenium web driver

driver

the selenium web driver is one of the

most important component in the selenium suites

suites

it is an api to create and execute the

test cases and it is a successor of rc

basically the selenium web driver is a

collection of open source api and which

will be used to automate the testing of

a web application as i said we will

study the selenium web driver very

deeply the next component is grid the

selenium grid is used to run multiple

test scripts simultaneously on the

different browser and platforms and it

supports parallel testing what is

parallel testing i explained in the

previous slide so because of a grid we

can selenium supports parallel testing

so these are the four components in selenium

selenium

let us discuss the drawbacks of ide the

first drawback selenium id is a

mozzarella firefox plugin which means

the tests can be recorded only in the

firefox browser and not in any other

browser second it's not suitable for

dynamic web pages because it is just a

prototyping tool which works well only

with the static web pages and not with

the dynamic web pages

third data driven testing is not possible

possible

fourth cannot provide detailed test reports

reports

whereas rc the next version of ide can

provide detailed reports

then we cannot perform database testing

through id same because it is just a

prototyping tool it is used for demo and

it is not used for automating web applications

applications

due to these drawbacks rc came into

picture now we have discussed the

components of selenium let's see the

versions of selenium here we have total

four versions selenium version one

selenium version two three and four now

see here we will dig into some history

of the selenium here the selenium

version one

we have the selenium ide rc plus grid so

when jason against introduces selenium

the tool was called as a javascript program

program

he called it as a javascript tester

but he had one major issue that that is

called as the same origin policy

so now what is you must be thinking that

what is this same origin policy

this policy says that when javascript is

executed in the domain

it can access the web pages in that

domain only and it cannot access any

other web page in the another domain

for example suppose like a web page in

the google like if you have a domain

google.com okay so you can access the

search bar the email the drive but

but

that can be accessible but nothing can

be accessible outside the google.com

like if you want to access you yahoo uh

mantra or amazon or any other domain

that cannot be accessible definitely

this is because of some security reasons

so that is why this is called as a same

origin policy

now to overcome this policy remote

control server was designed that is the

selenium rc now the main reason to

create the server was to trick the

browser in believing that the selenium

code in which we are running the scripts

and the web application under test are

in the same domain

now here this same origin policy is

solved so this was the version one of selenium

selenium

where we have the id rc and grid where

the same

origin policy was solved in the version one

one

then comes the selenium version two

here we have the ide the web driver the

rc and the grid see in 2007 when this

when siemens stewart he invented this

web driver now why did he invent this

web driver because the architecture of

the rc was very complicated

and in rc we need a separate server to

talk to this like we need a separate

server to talk to the browser so what he

did is he removed the requirement of the

separate server

and this is the selenium version 2 where

the web driver was introduced now why

you must be thinking like why web driver

and rc is uh introduced over here in the

version 2 because the web driver was in

the development phase and they were

trying to implement it so that is the

reason why we have uh in the selenium

version 2 the ide the web driver the rc

and the grid so in the selenium version

3 we had the ide web driver and grid

here you see that the rc was completely

deprecated and we only have the web

driver currently we have the selenium

version 4 that have many new features

this is the new version of selenium 4

and now it is still in development

recently there was a version

known as alpha version was introduced

and this version was mainly introduced

because of

complete w3c protocol adoption but this

change in protocol isn't going to impact

any of the user because

many major of the browser drivers like

the firefox the chrome driver and they

all are included in the selenium 3.8

version which we are going to use and i

will be also explaining i will be uh

explaining some of the features of the

selenium fourth version we will do that

also like there are many ways to take

screenshot in the selenium 4 version

there are two to three methods

so there are new apis added there are

some ways to access the web elements

also and there are some of the features

that are very new

introduced in the selenium version so

mainly we will be studying about the

selenium webdriver now you must be

thinking why selenium webdriver

now why are we studying the selenium

webdriver for that we need to know the

drawbacks of the

now this is the architecture of the

selenium rc this is the main reason why

we are studying the web driver

so the selenium rc is a test tool that

allows you to write automated web

applications in various programming

languages like java python ruby

so let's see the architecture of

selenium rc

first we need to write the test scripts

in supported languages like java python

or any other supported language

but before writing these test scripts

the major requirement in rc is the rc server

server

so first you need to start the rc server

before you run a core and this rc server

is a separate application

this rc uh is uh responsible for

receiving the selenius command from your

test scripts

it interprets them and then reports the

result back to the script

now i use the word selenius over here

now what is the selenius commands they

are nothing but the commands that are

written in the test scripts are called

as silence commands in id and rc they

are called as syringes commands

now let's look at the browser

interaction how the browser interacts

the browser interactions happens through

the rc server

this rc server is a simple http post and

http get request to communicate okay it

uses the simple http posts and get

request to communicate to the browser

now how this communication happens

this rc server acts like a proxy now you

see there is a complete cycle

starting from your test script then the

rc the rc server injects the javascript

in the web browser

runs your commands takes back the

results sends it to the rc server

and then the result is displayed this

whole cycle gets repeated for each and

every command which is written in the

test scripts this is how the test case

gets executed in the rc server like the

selenium rc tool this is how the whole

cycle goes for each and every test scripts

scripts

now everything was good but why

was rc not good enough to run test

scripts let me tell you why what are

those drawbacks

first time taken for execution of

command is locker why because there is

an additional server rc to so it

executes each and every command is

executed through the rc so it takes a

lot of time for execution

the api supported by rc are redundant

and confusing because

one command means many meaning it has a

lot of meaning for one command like

suppose there is a command called as

click and click at

so which one to use it's very confusing

for the developers then there is

complicated architecture

rc consists of an additional server that

acts as a middleman

also the mobile apps cannot be tested

using rc so these are the drawbacks of rc

rc

now let's see how does selenium

webdriver overcome these drawbacks for

this we need to understand the

architecture of the webdriver

so in the webdriver architecture we have

the test scripts

the web browser and the web server

however we do not have an additional

server for communication like the rc server

server

which we saw in the

selenium rc which makes the architecture

of the web driver very very easy because

we don't have an additional server in

this as you can see there are direct

interactions with the web browser

so as an advantage the selenium does not

use an additional server and since there

is no intermediate server

there then the browser is controlled

directly from the system

system

due to this direct communication the

overall cycle that we saw in the rc

server was which was very indirect

communication since this indirect

communication made the execution very

slow so that's why we have the web

driver in which the execution is faster

than the rc server

as you can see the execution time for

command is shorter due to the simple

architecture now you have seen the

architecture of rc and webdriver let's

compare the selenium rc and the selenium webdriver

let's see in terms of api

now rc is less object oriented api

now the api and rc is very confusing and

redundant for example we have commands

like click or click at commands

which one to use so it was very

confusing for the developers and the

direct browsers

interpreted different commands also

which was very challenging for the

developers working on different browsers

for different browsers browsers there

were different commands

so it was very challenging

whereas for selenium webdriver it is

very simpler api and it is very easier

to use for example we have the click

function to click on the web element we

have the send key command to send text

on very on any web element in the web

page so it has a very simpler api

now let's see in terms of speed selenium

rc is slow in execution

and in terms of speed web driver is

faster in execution

because in selenium rc we have the rc

server whereas in web driver there is no

additional server

next let's let's see in terms of browser

support see rc and webdriver supports

multiple browser but rc does not have

support for html

unit which is a headless browser

now let's see what is this headless browser

browser

headless browser is a browser which does

not have a ui

this helps to make testing more faster

because it does not need a real browser

for testing it does not take

time to load the web elements

so and the headless browser is very

quick so rc and webdriver the support

multiple browser but rc does not support

html unit that is the headless browser

whereas the web driver supports the

headless browser and it is and it makes

the execution move faster next we have

the uh comparison in terms of testing

mobile applications selenium rc does not

support testing of mobile applications

whereas web driver selenium web driver

it supports testing of mobile

application there is an application name

as apm through which we can test mobile

applications so these were the

difference between the rc and the web driver

driver

but every component has its own

drawbacks so let us see the drawbacks of webdriver

webdriver one

one

cannot readily support new browsers but

rc can

and it does not have a built-in command

for automatic generation of test results

see uh it cannot readily support new

browsers there are many new versions

coming up

so this challenge can be overcome

second we don't have built-in commands

for automatic generation of test results

whereas in rc we have we can generate

test results there's a proper format in rc

rc

whereas in web driver we don't but we

can use a third-party tool we can

integrate third-party tools for the

test results generation so now we will

discuss some advantages and

disadvantages of selenium

advantages of selenium

selenium is an open source tool and it

supports multiple operating system and

multiple browsers like chrome safari

internet explorer and many more it also

supports multiple programming languages

like java python c ruby etc apart from

all this we can also integrate the third

party tools in selenium like apache poi

auto i t sql and why do we need to

integrate this we will understand that

in the next slide

here you see the disadvantages of

selenium the first disadvantage is that

it cannot support window-based application

application

it can only support the web-based application

application

but to overcome this disadvantage we can

use a third party tool that is the auto

id or the sql tool the second is that it

cannot support test reports but if we

integrate test ng or extend reports

through that we can generate test reports

reports

third cannot support excel files now you

must be thinking why do we use excel

files we use excel files while we doing

uh while we are doing the

uh data driven testing

we use it because suppose there is a

username and a password field and there

are many test data to it like

for user name you have the admin for

password you have admin at the rate one

two three that's one test data the

second test data third fourth so like

this there can be many test data to

check the expected and the output result

we will match it and then we will pass

the status as

fail or pass so matching those and

results and

communicating the test scripts to the

excel files that selenium cannot support that

that

but through apache pui we can do it next

we have less or no technical support in

selenium because selenium is an open

source tool so there is very less or

technical support but there are many

forums and communities on internet

whereas wherever you can uh

write your queries and you can get your answers

answers

then writing test cases are sometimes

very time consuming because it is just a

programming interface and not an ide see

whereas if you go in other tools like

the qtp and uft though those are id as

well as the programming interface that

means you can

record also you can record also the test

scripts that you have written whereas

over here it is just a programming

interface each and every command needs

to be written so at times it becomes

very time consuming so these are the

disadvantages of selenium till now we

have learnt uh what is selenium why is

it called as a framework we have learned

the versions of selenium their

components that drawbacks and why are we

starting the

web driver

we have also learned what are the

advantages and disadvantages so in the

next tutorial in the next video we will

learn the installation part of selenium

and then we will start the

implementation of selenium we are going

to install the intellij idea ide and

some drivers and jar files for selenium

framework so let's get started

so the first thing that you need to do

is go to google and type

and here you see the first link that we

have that is www.jetbrains.com

www.jetbrains.com

simply just click on this link

so this is the official website of the

intellij idea ide so the intellij idea

is an integrated development environment

that is the ide written in java for

developing computer software and it was

developed by the jet brains

apart from all this the

intellij idea ide has many features like

built-in tools then we then it supports

the jvm languages like the java kotlin scala

scala

and it also has some frameworks like

spring java double e and it also

supports mobile development

and some of the web development like the

html css angular

typescript javascript so these are some

of the features of the intellij idea ide

and in terms of system requirement we

will need a

ram of 2gb minimum and the disk space

that we require is of 3gb of space

we also need to install the java jdk

first and then we will install the

intellij idea ide

so let's install the java jdk first all

you need to do is just type java

jdk download and

the first link that you get is the www.oracle.com

www.oracle.com

just click on this link

and here you see there are different

versions of jdk like we have the java sc

15 we have the java se14

and java s11 we will download the latest

click on jdk download

and click on this windows x64 installer

this one if you're using the mac os then

click on this one but i'm using windows

now here you must accept the license

agreement for java oracle sc which says

that i reviewed and accept the oracle

technology network license agreement for

java oracle se simply just click on this

check box and click on download jdk 50.

so now here you can see that my jdk 15

has been downloaded so let's install this

this

simply just click on it

click on next and

and your

your

jdk will be installed in this file

so just let it be that way just click on next

take some time

so now you can see that my java jdk

15 has been successfully installed

so let's check this out simply just

click on close and over here just click cmd

let's see if this has installed or not

properly in our computer so we will

check it through command prompt

simply just type java space

space

so here you can see that we can see that

we have downloaded our java jdk version

15. so once we have installed our jdk we

have to set the environment variables

all we need to do is just go here and write

write

environment variable

and here you can see edit the system

environment variable click on this here

you can see in the advanced tab there is

environment variable click over here

and in system variables go to path

path

click edit and here we will edit the

path how you gonna do that just simply

go where you have installed your jdk

that is

c drive program files java

java jdk

jdk

bin folder open your bin folder

copy this path

and click on ok ok

and over here also ok

so you have set your environment

variable path also

now you will install the intellij idea

id simply uh just go to the official

website of the intellij idea ide and

click on download over here so there are

two versions over here ultimate in

community we will download the community version

here you can see that it started

downloading it might take some time so

just wait now i have download the

intellij idea ide the community version

here you can see now let's install it

simply just click it

click next

next now over here uh

create desktop shortcut yes

for the 64-bit launcher and

update context menu

i'll click this check box create

associations for now i don't want to

create any association

then update path variable restart needed

yes i will add the launcher to the path i'll

i'll

click this checkbox as well

click on install

and here you can see that the intellij

idea ide is getting installed

now here you can see that my intellij

idea community version has been installed

installed

simply click on new project then here uh

just click on java and

here you can see that the java version

15. this is the jdk

that we have installed before

simply just click on next create project

from template i'll just name it as hello

i'll just change the interface of this ide

ide

all we need to do is simply just go to file

file

go to settings and here in the

appearance bar just change the theme to [Music]

[Music]

so this is how you can do it

now let's run a program saying hello world

world

simply just write s out and here you can

see we have the system out.println so

this intellij idea ide has a feature of

autocompleting also just simply by

writing s out it will be system.out.println

system.out.println

and i'll write hello

hello everyone

and i'll click on this button

so here you can see the output that's

hello everyone that's what i printed

over here

so our program has been successfully

executed so this is all about the

intellij idea id

so now we have installed the intellij

idea ide and the java jdk also so we

will install some of the drivers and the

java files that we require in the

selenium so all you need to do is just

you need to go to this official page of

the selenium is

selenium hq i will give all the links in

the description box so it will be easier

click on this link that is a selenium.div

and go to downloads

this is the official website of selenium

and we will download all our drivers and

jar files from this website only

now here first we will download some of

the selenium client and web driver

language bindings now selenium supports

many languages like ruby java python c

we will be working on java you will be

working with java so in order to create

scripts of selenium webdriver you need

to make use of language specific line

drivers so these are the drivers

of java

see here there are some of the versions

that i have told before as well there's

and the alpha version that is recently

released i have discussed about the

versions of selenium in the previous

videos you can check out that

for now uh to download these jar files

we will

and here you can see a zip file has been downloaded

downloaded

here you can see that it is downloaded

simply click on this file

and here you can

see now see i would recommend you to

make a separate folder for java files so

it will be very easy and beneficial for

you because we will be downloading many

java files and drivers

so it will be very confusing and here we

will be giving the paths also in the program

program

when we execute our test cases so it

will be very difficult that which driver

is placed where

so it's better that you would make a

separate folder for those drivers and

jar files

so here in d drive i'm making a separate

selenium jar

jar

okay

so i'll be placing all my jar files and

drivers in this file all i need to do is those

those

files which i had downloaded here you

can see that this is jar file this is

executable jar files

then the next i'll go in lips folder and

over here all these jar files i will

copy it and

okay

so these are the java files which we

downloaded now we will add all these jar

files in the intellij idea ide

so now we will add the jar files so

simply just go on file

go to modules and go to the dependency tab

tab

you can see here add sign this plus sign

click on this

then

go to the file where your jar files are placed

so here you can see all these jar files

which i have pasted in the selenium jar

and drivers

add it

and here you can see the jar file is added

added

click on apply

just wait for a second here you can see

so here you can see now those jar files

so now we have installed the uh jdk we

have set the path for it

and then we have installed the intellij

idea ide and we have added the jar files also

also

so now let's install the drivers just go

to the official website of selenium that

is will be selenium.dave

click on this

so here you can see platform supported

by selenium browsers

now for various browsers we have various

drivers for firefox we have the gecko

driver we

for the chrome we have the chrome driver

for safari we have the safari driver so

mainly i will be

performing operations using the chrome driver

driver

so first we will download the chrome driver

driver

for chrome

just simply before downloading open your chrome

chrome

and be careful about the versions of

chrome firefox and internet explorer you

can do that by just going over here and

click

on about chrome and here you can see my

so i'll be installing the driver of this

version only

be very careful with your drivers

because if you're uh having an old

version of google chrome and you're

downloading a driver of a different

version so it won't work

so it's better check out your version

first update it and then download an

updated driver

so i'll just simply go and write your download

chrome driver for 85.0.4183.21

and here you can see

i'll give the links in the description

box so it'll be very easier for you to download

see here the chrome driver for the

latest is 86.0 but the latest version

that is the stable version that i'm

so

now if you're having linux then click

this one if you're having mac then click

this one and if you're having windows

then click this one i'm having windows

so i'll be clicking chrome driver

underscore windows 32

zip folder

and here you can see it has downloaded

so here you can see this chrome driver

it is a zip file i will extract it

just simply click on extract all and it

will start extracting it

chrome driver all you need to do is just

copy this driver

copy this driver and paste it in your

folder that you have made

so i have made different folders over

here like for chrome driver firefox

driver ie drivers and the jar files

keep things making programs while

implementing the selenium framework when

you are implementing it we need to add

many java files we need to have many

drivers also so if you keep things very

systematic it will be very easier for you

you

so here for chrome driver i have added this

this

now let's go and install the firefox driver

driver

simply just go on firefox again check

your version you don't need to do

anything just click on settings

and here you can see

my version is 81.0 so

so

i'll be downloading the

driver for version 81.0 just type download

download firefox

driver for version 81.0

and here you can see it's

so here this is the driver for the

and here it is again i will copy it

so today we're going to install the

intellij idea ide and some drivers and

java files for selenium framework on

windows 10.

so let's get started

so open your google and type intellij

idea ide

the very first link that we see is the

www.jetbrains.com so click on this link

the intellij idea is an integrated

development environment that is the ide

which is written in java for developing

the computer software

and it was developed by the jet trains

now apart from

all this

intellij idea id also has features like

we have the built-in tools we have the

jvm languages like java kotlin scala groovy

groovy

and also it supports some of the

frameworks like the spring java double e

and it's supposed to mobile development

and web development as well like the

html css angular node.js

so these are some of the features of

intellij idea id

in terms of system requirement we need a

ram of 2gb minimum and disk space that

we require is of 3gb of space

and also before installing the intellij

idea ide we have to install the jdk first

first

so what we need to do is first

type jdk download

now i haven't installed the jdk

i'll show you

go to cmd

and i'll type java

java space

space

dash version

here you can see i haven't installed my

jdk it says that java is not recognized

as an internal or external command or

operable program or batch file

i will

run this command again after installing

my jdk so i'll close this and

here you see we have the www.oracle.com

on this link

and we have different versions of java

jdk we have the java sc 15 we have the

java sc 14 and we have the java s11

we're going to download the

now uh if you have mac os if you're

using mac os you can install

installer you can click this one and if

you're using windows then you can click

this one so i'll i'm using windows

so i click

this file

now here you must accept the license

agreement for oracle java se which says

i reviewed and accept the oracle

technology network license agreement for

oracle java se

you have to simply just click on this

check box and click

on download jdk 15.

so now you can see that my java jdk has

been downloaded so all i'll need to do

is i'll just click on this

so this is the place where your java jdk

will be saved let it be this way and

and here you can see that it is getting installed

installed

it will take some time so

so here you can see that my java

sc development kit 15 has been

successfully installed

so i'll click close

and here i'll type

cmd again

just simply type java space dash

version and here you can see java

version 15

java sc runtime build 15

is been installed

this shows that you have successfully

installed your java jdk 15 and if

it's not coming this way and if you type

this command and this is not the output

of it uh you need to go through the

steps again and install it again

so now we have uh installed our java jdk on

on

on our system so we're going to set the

environment variable simply just type

environment variable and here you can

see edit the system environment variable

here you can see environment variable right

right

here you'll see system variables in this

system variable window

click on path

and click edit

so click on new

and here we're going to enter the part

how we're going to do it

so just go on

c drive on c drive go to program files

and here you can see java

go to java

go to jdk 15 go to the bin folder and

and paste it over here

so this is going to be the new system

click ok

and click ok

and click ok so you have set your

environment variables as well

so we can install the intellij idea ide now

simply go to the official website of

intellij idea ide

and go to download

here we have two versions the ultimate

version and the community version and if

you're using windows go to windows and

if you're using mac then click on mac

and if you're using linux then click on

linux so i'm i'm using windows so i'll

be clicking on windows and we're going

to download the community version simply

just click on download

and here you can see that my intellij

idea become ide the community version is

so now you can see that my intellij idea

the community version has been

downloaded so click on this

click next

so here uh create desktop

shortcut yes for the 64-bit

and update context menu

i'll click add open folder as a project

then create associations i don't want to

create any associations for now

then update path variable that is the

restart needed and add launchers did to

the path

i click

on this checkbox as well

and i'll click next

and here you can see that the intellij

idea ide the community version is

and just click on finish

so here you can see

so here you can see that the intellij

idea id the community version has been

installed and i have created a

shortcut desktop icon over here so i'll

and i'll click i confirm that i have

read and accepted the terms of this user

data sharing i'll just click don't sign

i don't want to share data sharing

so this is the ui theme i'll click the

light one

go to next

here click on java

and here you can see that we have the

java version 15 because you have

downloaded the jdk

so it will be visible here and if you

have not downloaded the jdk it will show

that a link to download jdk like here

you can say see over here download jdk so

so

i have downloaded so it's showing 15

java version 15 has been downloaded jdk

just click on next

uh create project from template

click next

so i'll just write hello

hello world

and

here you can see like if i write s out a

system out dot println so this intellij

idea id has a very cool feature of auto

completing it like if i write s out it's

in system order printer n and there are

many more shortcuts to this we will

learn as and on we keep on programming

we'll keep learning it

so i'll just write hello

world and i'll click on this button that

is the run main

and here you can see here it's hello world

world

so we have installed the java jdk we

have set the variable path also and then

we have installed the intellij idea ide

and we executed a program and it's

successfully executed

so we're done with the installation of

the jdk and the intellij idea id now we

have to install java files and

some of the drivers that we require for

the browsers for the selenium framework

so all we need to do is

just go to the official web page of

selenium that is the selenium hq

here you see we have the www.selenium.dev

www.selenium.dev

click on this

click on downloads

and here we have the selenium client and

web driver language bindings

see to create webdriver selenium web

driver scripts you need to make use of

language specific client drivers

now as we know selenium supports many

languages like ruby java python c-sharp

and javascript so it for

every language we have the specific

client drivers for ruby we have some

client drivers for java we have some

client drivers so we'll be using uh java

we'll be doing selenium with java so

here you can see we have a stable

the latest release that we have the

alpha release for

i have discussed about the selenium

versions also in the previous tutorials

so you can check out that

so we're going to do with java selenium

with java so simply click on download

so here you can see we have this zip

file of selenium java i'm going to

and here we have the executable jar files

files

so it is recommended that

you create a separate folder for the

selenium jar files and the drivers so

i'll be creating a separate folder of

jar files and drivers just created on

any drive like c drive or d drive or

somewhere because we're going to

download many jar files and many drivers so

so

locating them and it will be placed in

somewhere and then locating them and

finding them at that point of time will

be very hard so just simply make a

folder over here

i'll be naming selenium jars and drivers

a folder in selenium jars and drivers

i'll name it jars

and i'll create a separate folder also

name it drivers

and in drivers we're going to install

the chrome driver and the firefox driver

so we'll make the folders for that as well

well

let's make things very systematic

because if you don't do it then it will

be very problematic

problematic

so these this way we have created a new

folder in rd drive that is the selenium

jars and drivers so we have downloaded

we have the first two java files over

here we're gonna copy it

then again over here go to libs

and we have the jar files here also so

and here it is

so we're going to add these java files

now to our

id so just create a new project

project

next i'll name it as selenium

finish so here it is

now we're going to add the jar files

that we have downloaded simply go on file

file

must accept okay just click on accept

and go to modules here

here

you can see dependency tab called dependency

dependency

and here you can see there's a plus sign

right so click on this plus sign and

here you see jars or directories click

go to the

drive where you have created your folder

i've created a d drive and i have named

as selenium jars and drivers

for jars and select all those jars that

and simply just click ok

so here you can see that i have added my

java file over here so just click on apply

apply

click ok

so here you can see that

i can see all my java files over here in

external libraries okay

okay

so we have added the java files also so now

now

let's download the drivers

so what i need to do is

same on selenium hq just go down and

here you can see platforms supported by selenium

selenium

browsers click on browsers and for

different browsers we have different

drivers like for firefox we have the

gecko driver for internet expert we have

the internet explorer driver for safari

we have a safari driver for chrome we

have the chrome driver so basically we

will perform all our test cases in

chrome driver we're going to launch the

chrome driver frequently

but in the next tutorial i will explain

how to launch drivers like the firefox

driver the chrome driver

so for that we need to download the

drivers for it

so all we need to do is just click on

documentation over here

and here you can see

the latest better version that we have

is the chrome driver 86 and the stable

version that we have the 85 now see over

here you need to check your chrome

browser version first so what you need

to do is go on settings and

go to about chrome

and here you can see your version it's

version 85 and if it is not updated then

please update it and then download your driver

driver

because your driver version and your

google browser this chrome browser

should match and if it's not matching

and then your browser will not be launched

launched

so here i have the stable version that

is the 85 version so i'll be clicking

over here

and here you can see

this page if you have linux click over

here if you have mac click on this link

and if you have windows then click on

this link i'm having windows so i'll be clicking

clicking

on this link

here you can see this is the chrome

driver this is the zip file i will

i have the exe file over here

copy this file and paste it in the

folder that you have created

in chrome driver

same way we're going to download the

here we have different versions of gecko

world driver so what you're going to do is just go to firefox

is just go to firefox and check out the version that you have

simply go on settings or general

or general and here you will see that you your

and here you will see that you your updated version that is the version 81

updated version that is the version 81 i'm having 81.0.1

i'm having 81.0.1 so my firefox is updated so i'm going to

so my firefox is updated so i'm going to download the version 81.

and here you will see the driver versions

versions now i'm having windows 64 64-bit so i'll

now i'm having windows 64 64-bit so i'll be clicking this and if you have mac

be clicking this and if you have mac then click this and if you have linux so

then click this and if you have linux so depending upon your operating system

depending upon your operating system just click

just click so here you can see we have the gecko

so here you can see we have the gecko driver it's a zip folder so we're going

driver it's a zip folder so we're going to extract files

and here you can see it is an exe application we're going to simply copy

application we're going to simply copy it and

it and paste it to the folder where you have

paste it to the folder where you have created your

created your drivers folder in firefox driver

drivers folder in firefox driver so today we are going to understand uh

so today we are going to understand uh many topics like first we are going to

many topics like first we are going to create two sets of test cases

create two sets of test cases we will learn how to launch the browser

we will learn how to launch the browser next we will learn how to navigate to a

next we will learn how to navigate to a particular url we will understand the

particular url we will understand the hierarchy of the interfaces and the

hierarchy of the interfaces and the classes in the selenium web driver also

classes in the selenium web driver also we will understand a particular command

we will understand a particular command that is the chrome driver driver is

that is the chrome driver driver is equal to new chrome driver why is it not

equal to new chrome driver why is it not called the best practice okay

called the best practice okay so let's get started

so let's get started so as we know before automating any test

so as we know before automating any test script we have to prepare manual test

script we have to prepare manual test cases first so first we will create two

cases first so first we will create two sets of test cases over here

sets of test cases over here so the first set

in the first set we will have three test cases

cases the first test case is

the first test case is open

open the

the chrome

chrome browser

browser or to launch the chrome browser now

or to launch the chrome browser now whenever we create the manual test cases

whenever we create the manual test cases to open the browser or to launch a

to open the browser or to launch a browser is the first test case it's

browser is the first test case it's always the first test case okay

always the first test case okay next we're going to navigate

next we're going to navigate navigate to

navigate to the url

third the third command is close the browser

browser so these are the three test cases that

so these are the three test cases that we're going to execute one is the open

we're going to execute one is the open the chrome browser that we're going to

the chrome browser that we're going to launch the chrome browser next we're

launch the chrome browser next we're going to navigate to the url

going to navigate to the url www.google.com

www.google.com and the third we're going to close the

and the third we're going to close the browser

browser that we are opening okay

that we are opening okay this is the first set in the second set

this is the first set in the second set we're going to launch the firefox

we're going to launch the firefox browser

browser open the

open the firefox

firefox browser

next we're going to navigate

we're going to navigate to the

to the url

url that is the

that is the ww dot

next is we're going to close the

we're going to close the browser that is the firefox browser

browser that is the firefox browser okay

okay these are the two sets of test cases

these are the two sets of test cases that we have prepared and we're going to

that we have prepared and we're going to execute these test cases today

execute these test cases today as we know uh that the selenium supports

as we know uh that the selenium supports many browsers like the firefox browser

many browsers like the firefox browser the chrome browser the internet explorer

the chrome browser the internet explorer browser safari browser

browser safari browser as we have installed the exe file of the

as we have installed the exe file of the chrome driver and the firefox driver

chrome driver and the firefox driver that we have uh installed in the

that we have uh installed in the previous lecture so we are going to uh

previous lecture so we are going to uh launch the chrome driver and the firefox

launch the chrome driver and the firefox driver and since the process is very

driver and since the process is very similar so once you understand how to

similar so once you understand how to launch a particular browser you can

launch a particular browser you can launch any other browser according to

launch any other browser according to your requirement

your requirement okay

okay open intellij idea ide

open intellij idea ide so in the previous tutorial we had

so in the previous tutorial we had included our jar files in a selenium

included our jar files in a selenium project we had created a selenium

project we had created a selenium project we included a jar files in that

project we included a jar files in that so we're going to continue in that

so we're going to continue in that project itself

project itself so yeah

so yeah as we

as we know yeah we have created two sets of

know yeah we have created two sets of test cases uh

test cases uh we are going to execute it how we gonna

we are going to execute it how we gonna do that

do that first thing

first thing we know for chrome browser

we know for chrome browser the driver that we require is the chrome

the driver that we require is the chrome driver

driver right that we have installed in our

right that we have installed in our computers we have installed the chrome

computers we have installed the chrome driver and the firefox driver so first

driver and the firefox driver so first we will execute for the chrome driver

we will execute for the chrome driver and then i will execute the test cases

and then i will execute the test cases for the firefox driver

for the firefox driver okay for the chrome browser we require

okay for the chrome browser we require the chrome driver

the chrome driver so now what we're going to do first the

so now what we're going to do first the very first step that we are having is

very first step that we are having is the

the open the

open the chrome

chrome browser this is the first step right so

browser this is the first step right so how we're going to do that first thing

how we're going to do that first thing we're going to create the object of

we're going to create the object of chrome

chrome chrome driver

chrome driver okay we're going to create the object of

okay we're going to create the object of chrome driver

chrome driver but how do we refer this chrome driver

but how do we refer this chrome driver object we need to understand the

object we need to understand the hierarchy

hierarchy of the selenium webdriver which has the

of the selenium webdriver which has the classes and the interfaces so let's

classes and the interfaces so let's understand that first

so this is the diagram that we are having

having the selenium provides my number of

the selenium provides my number of classes and the interfaces and we need

classes and the interfaces and we need to understand the hierarchy of classes

to understand the hierarchy of classes and interfaces

and interfaces now to understand this hierarchy we need

now to understand this hierarchy we need to have a knowledge about the interfaces

to have a knowledge about the interfaces and the inheritance concept of java

and the inheritance concept of java now here here you can see this diagram

now here here you can see this diagram right uh in selenium web driver the

right uh in selenium web driver the search context the very first interface

search context the very first interface these yellow boxes are interfaces and

these yellow boxes are interfaces and the green boxes are the classes okay

the green boxes are the classes okay so this yellow box search context

so this yellow box search context this is the super interface of the web

this is the super interface of the web driver and it contains only two methods

driver and it contains only two methods that is the find element and the fine

that is the find element and the fine elements

elements yes these two methods are different it

yes these two methods are different it is not just about a s in find elements

is not just about a s in find elements they are different they are used to find

they are different they are used to find the element on our web page the web

the element on our web page the web elements that we have that is the text

elements that we have that is the text box the drop down menu

box the drop down menu they uh these commands help to find the

they uh these commands help to find the web elements on the web page

web elements on the web page so we will understand that when we

so we will understand that when we practically implement the test cases but

practically implement the test cases but for now let us understand that the

for now let us understand that the search context this search context that

search context this search context that we have is the super interface and is an

we have is the super interface and is an interface that contains abstract methods

interface that contains abstract methods now what are these abstract methods

now what are these abstract methods these methods are the these abstract

these methods are the these abstract methods are the methods that has no

methods are the methods that has no implementation they have only definition

implementation they have only definition there is no implementation of abstract

there is no implementation of abstract methods they just have the definition

methods they just have the definition okay so this is the search context that

okay so this is the search context that is the super interface which has the

is the super interface which has the abstract method find element and the

abstract method find element and the find elements

find elements next we have the web driver interface

next we have the web driver interface okay the web driver interface which is

okay the web driver interface which is extended from the search context okay it

extended from the search context okay it is extended from the search context this

is extended from the search context this means

means that it contains the methods the

that it contains the methods the abstract methods of

abstract methods of find element and find elements method is

find element and find elements method is also in the web driver apart from this

also in the web driver apart from this it also has the other methods like the

it also has the other methods like the get method the quit method close get

get method the quit method close get window handles and many other methods

window handles and many other methods okay

okay so the all these are abstract methods

so the all these are abstract methods that has only body and there is no

that has only body and there is no implementation okay

implementation okay and so these are the uh topmost root uh

and so these are the uh topmost root uh interface apart from all apart from this

interface apart from all apart from this the web driver also has the nested

the web driver also has the nested interface okay it also has some nested

interface okay it also has some nested interfaces like which has windows

interfaces like which has windows navigation target locator timers option

navigation target locator timers option these are also abstract methods through

these are also abstract methods through these methods the through these

these methods the through these interfaces we can perform various uh

interfaces we can perform various uh operations like navigating to the url

operations like navigating to the url maximizing the window and many more okay

maximizing the window and many more okay so the uh the web driver also includes

so the uh the web driver also includes the nested interfaces

the nested interfaces next

next we have the remote web driver this is a

we have the remote web driver this is a fully implemented class

fully implemented class okay which implements the interface web

okay which implements the interface web driver here you can see it implements

driver here you can see it implements the web driver interface okay

the web driver interface okay now this web driver or remote web driver

now this web driver or remote web driver this remote web driver is a fully

this remote web driver is a fully implemented class here you can see it's

implemented class here you can see it's a fully implemented class where all the

a fully implemented class where all the abstract methods coming from the search

abstract methods coming from the search context

context coming from the search context and the

coming from the search context and the web driver are implemented in this

web driver are implemented in this particular class because obviously when

particular class because obviously when we create abstract classes right so

we create abstract classes right so these uh when we create abstract methods

these uh when we create abstract methods we have to use those methods we just you

we have to use those methods we just you just don't have to keep it you will use

just don't have to keep it you will use it that is why there is no

it that is why there is no implementation and only definition in it

implementation and only definition in it as i said your core java knowledge will

as i said your core java knowledge will be required over here to understand this

be required over here to understand this hierarchy so that is why we

hierarchy so that is why we need to have the knowledge of

need to have the knowledge of inheritance and uh

inheritance and uh interface faces of core java so the

interface faces of core java so the remote web driver yeah so the remote web

remote web driver yeah so the remote web driver contains methods of the search

driver contains methods of the search context and the web driver in addition

context and the web driver in addition also it implements a javascript executor

also it implements a javascript executor and takes screenshot

and takes screenshot okay so it uh implements these

okay so it uh implements these interfaces also which has abstract

interfaces also which has abstract methods on its own and we will we can

methods on its own and we will we can implement those extract extract methods

implement those extract extract methods so to the conclusion we can say that the

so to the conclusion we can say that the remote webdriver is a fully implemented

remote webdriver is a fully implemented class which contains the abstract

class which contains the abstract methods of the web driver interface and

methods of the web driver interface and the search context interface and it

the search context interface and it takes screenshot

takes screenshot interface and the javascript executor

interface and the javascript executor okay

okay so this is about the remote web driver

so this is about the remote web driver now here you can see these classes these

now here you can see these classes these classes are the

classes are the uh

uh browsers that we have of selenium

browsers that we have of selenium selenium supports many browsers you know

selenium supports many browsers you know right the firefox browser the internet

right the firefox browser the internet explorer browser the edge browser safari

explorer browser the edge browser safari browser

browser so the remote web driver it extends

so the remote web driver it extends these classes and here you can see these

these classes and here you can see these classes are the web browsers that we

classes are the web browsers that we have that is the firefox browser

have that is the firefox browser internet explorer browsers

internet explorer browsers okay

okay so now uh there are various versions of

so now uh there are various versions of selenium as i told in the previous

selenium as i told in the previous tutorial from fourth version here you

tutorial from fourth version here you can see this is the chromium driver and

can see this is the chromium driver and chrome driver right from the four fourth

chrome driver right from the four fourth version the chrome driver extends the

version the chrome driver extends the chromium driver this has happened from

chromium driver this has happened from the fourth version they had made some

the fourth version they had made some changes they had included a chromium

changes they had included a chromium driver also which uh

driver also which uh through which the chrome driver will get

through which the chrome driver will get extended

extended so these were the changes in the fourth

so these were the changes in the fourth uh

uh release of selenium

release of selenium so this is the hierarchy of selenium

so this is the hierarchy of selenium cluster interface in which we have the

cluster interface in which we have the uh super interface that is the search

uh super interface that is the search context then we have the web driver

context then we have the web driver interface which has which includes uh

interface which has which includes uh nested interfaces also which has many

nested interfaces also which has many abstract methods like windows navigation

abstract methods like windows navigation target locator timeouts options

target locator timeouts options then we have the remote web driver which

then we have the remote web driver which implements the

implements the [Music]

[Music] interface webdriver

interface webdriver and it also

and it also implements the javascript executor and

implements the javascript executor and the take screenshot

the take screenshot interface next we have the um

interface next we have the um next we have the browsers these are the

next we have the browsers these are the browsers which is supported by the

browsers which is supported by the selenium and the remote web driver

selenium and the remote web driver extend these classes these are classes

extend these classes these are classes okay remember the remote web driver and

okay remember the remote web driver and these browser are the classes whereas

these browser are the classes whereas the search context web driver nested

the search context web driver nested interfaces take screenshot and

interfaces take screenshot and javascript executor are the interfaces

javascript executor are the interfaces okay this so this is the complete

okay this so this is the complete hierarchy of the selenium class and the

hierarchy of the selenium class and the interface

interface so now

so now let's move to the

let's move to the program

program so now over here uh for opening the

so now over here uh for opening the chrome browser the first thing that we

chrome browser the first thing that we did over here is we created a object of

did over here is we created a object of chrome driver right now how do we refer

chrome driver right now how do we refer this object

this object here

here in the

in the so remember this chrome driver is a

so remember this chrome driver is a class

class right as we as shown

right as we as shown in the hierarchy it is a class

in the hierarchy it is a class now here

now here just refer to this hierarchy again and

just refer to this hierarchy again and here we can see that the web driver

here we can see that the web driver is the parent interface

here you can see that the web driver is the parent interface and now you must be

the parent interface and now you must be saying no the remote driver

saying no the remote driver the remote web driver is the parent but

the remote web driver is the parent but whatever talking about i'm talking about

whatever talking about i'm talking about the interface focus on what i'm saying

the interface focus on what i'm saying i'm talking about interface the web

i'm talking about interface the web driver is the parent interface and the

driver is the parent interface and the remote web driver is a class okay

remote web driver is a class okay remote web driver is a class and the web

remote web driver is a class and the web driver is an interface so your the

driver is an interface so your the parent interface will be web driver

parent interface will be web driver so the web driver interface will give a

so the web driver interface will give a reference to the chrome driver how i'm

reference to the chrome driver how i'm going to write webdriver

going to write webdriver i will give a reference like driver is

i will give a reference like driver is equal to new chrome driver

equal to new chrome driver so now uh your in this command

so now uh your in this command web driver driver is equal to new chrome

web driver driver is equal to new chrome driver we are using uh the dynamic

driver we are using uh the dynamic polymorphism concept

polymorphism concept in which the child class object child

in which the child class object child loss object that is the chrome driver

loss object that is the chrome driver is referred by the parent interface that

is referred by the parent interface that is the web driver through a reference

is the web driver through a reference variable and that reference variable is

variable and that reference variable is called as driver

called as driver okay

okay so this is how

so this is how we are opening the chrome browser so

we are opening the chrome browser so let's run this command first

so our chrome browser is not launched why

our chrome browser is not launched why let's see

let's see here it shows an error which says

here it shows an error which says illegal state except exception

illegal state except exception which says the path to the driver

which says the path to the driver executable must be set by the

executable must be set by the webdriver.chrome.driver system property

webdriver.chrome.driver system property okay this is your error the path to the

okay this is your error the path to the driver executable must be set by the web

driver executable must be set by the web driver

driver dot chrome dot driver system property

dot chrome dot driver system property so here it says that i have to define a

so here it says that i have to define a property

property a system property and to define this

a system property and to define this system property we have a system class

system property we have a system class so i will write

so i will write system

system dot

dot set property

set property now this set property command has

now this set property command has two values need to be entered over here

two values need to be entered over here uh one is the string key and is the

uh one is the string key and is the string value

string value in the string key what we have to enter

in the string key what we have to enter it's given over here itself

it's given over here itself webdriver.chrome.driver we will simply

webdriver.chrome.driver we will simply copy this

copy this and paste it over here this is your

and paste it over here this is your string key

string key whereas the value will be the part where

whereas the value will be the part where your executable file is saved that is

your executable file is saved that is the chrome driver

the chrome driver so in my case i'll go to

so in my case i'll go to d drive syrian jars and drivers

d drive syrian jars and drivers drivers and the chrome driver because

drivers and the chrome driver because we're launching the chrome driver so i

we're launching the chrome driver so i will simply just copy this part

will simply just copy this part and i will paste it over you

and i will paste it over you change the slashes

change the slashes okay and we're gonna include our file

okay and we're gonna include our file name over here

name over here our file name is

our file name is chrome driver

chrome driver okay

okay so we're gonna write chrome driver

so we're gonna write chrome driver dot exe now if you're using mac you

dot exe now if you're using mac you don't need to write exe because mac does

don't need to write exe because mac does not support exe files so there's no

not support exe files so there's no requirement to write exe but if you're

requirement to write exe but if you're using windows then you're going to write

using windows then you're going to write exe

exe okay we're going to execute this

okay we're going to execute this statement now so here you can see

statement now so here you can see my chrome browser is launched you can

my chrome browser is launched you can see this chrome browser it is launched

see this chrome browser it is launched which says chrome is being controlled by

which says chrome is being controlled by automated test software now this chrome

automated test software now this chrome browser

browser and this chrome browser the

and this chrome browser the original chrome browser these two chrome

original chrome browser these two chrome browsers are different here we cannot

browsers are different here we cannot see any tab which shows that chrome

see any tab which shows that chrome browser is being controlled but over

browser is being controlled but over here you can see chrome is being

here you can see chrome is being controlled by automated test software

controlled by automated test software there's a tab over here

there's a tab over here okay so this is the difference between

okay so this is the difference between the uh

the uh chrome browser that we are launching

chrome browser that we are launching through automation and the chrome

through automation and the chrome browser that we have originally on our

browser that we have originally on our computers

computers so i'll just close this

so we have launched the chrome browser and yes

and yes one important question

one important question that you must be thinking is uh by

that you must be thinking is uh by looking at this uh

looking at this uh diagram now over here you must be

diagram now over here you must be thinking as i said that the parent

thinking as i said that the parent interface is the web driver but

interface is the web driver but you're the super parent interface that

you're the super parent interface that is the search context is also there so

is the search context is also there so why are we not writing

why are we not writing a search

a search context

context driver

driver like i'll just write

like i'll just write driver1

driver1 equal to new

equal to new chrome driver now this command is also

chrome driver now this command is also correct i'm not saying that this command

correct i'm not saying that this command is wrong but why are we not writing

is wrong but why are we not writing search context driver is equal to new

search context driver is equal to new chrome driver and why are we writing web

chrome driver and why are we writing web driver driver is equal to new chrome

driver driver is equal to new chrome driver

driver the reason behind this is refer add this

the reason behind this is refer add this diagram again

diagram again here i have uh told before that the

here i have uh told before that the search context interface contains only

search context interface contains only two methods that is the find element and

two methods that is the find element and the fine elements

the fine elements so if we are writing search context

so if we are writing search context driver 1 is equal to new chrome driver

driver 1 is equal to new chrome driver it will only have

it will only have two abstract classes or sorry two

two abstract classes or sorry two abstract methods that is the

abstract methods that is the find element and the fine elements

find element and the fine elements whereas if i'm writing web driver it has

whereas if i'm writing web driver it has all those methods like the fine element

all those methods like the fine element and the fine elements also and all the

and the fine elements also and all the web driver methods as well so that is

web driver methods as well so that is the reason why we are writing web driver

the reason why we are writing web driver driver is equal to new chrome driver

driver is equal to new chrome driver okay

okay so now the next question that you must

so now the next question that you must be thinking is okay we are fine with the

be thinking is okay we are fine with the search context we are not uh there's no

search context we are not uh there's no advantage in writing search context

advantage in writing search context because it will have only two methods

because it will have only two methods included in it uh that is a find element

included in it uh that is a find element in the find elements so why not remote

in the find elements so why not remote why not remote web driver

why not remote web driver like we can write remote web driver

like we can write remote web driver driver

driver sequel to new

sequel to new chrome driver this is also possible

chrome driver this is also possible but the reason behind why we're not

but the reason behind why we're not writing remote webdriver is because the

writing remote webdriver is because the remote webdriver mechanism the

remote webdriver mechanism the architecture of the remote web driver is

architecture of the remote web driver is very different from the web driver here

very different from the web driver here there are two reasons okay if we want to

there are two reasons okay if we want to use this approach the remote web driver

use this approach the remote web driver driver 3 is equal to new chrome driver

driver 3 is equal to new chrome driver if you're using this approach

if you're using this approach then

then this approach is only accessible when we

this approach is only accessible when we want to access in remote location see

want to access in remote location see here the remote web driver works very

here the remote web driver works very different from the web driver and it

different from the web driver and it also the remote web driver is a class

also the remote web driver is a class always remember there's a difference

always remember there's a difference between a class and an interface okay

between a class and an interface okay so class

so class and it contains methods which

and it contains methods which shows that which what action is to be

shows that which what action is to be performed that is remote web driver

performed that is remote web driver whereas interface it contains the

whereas interface it contains the abstract method so the remote web driver

abstract method so the remote web driver is not serving as advantages as the web

is not serving as advantages as the web driver that we have included over here

driver that we have included over here so it is the best practice is to include

so it is the best practice is to include the web driver driver is equal to new

the web driver driver is equal to new chrome driver

chrome driver okay so i'll delete this

okay so i'll delete this command

command and yeah through system.set property

and yeah through system.set property uh we have a key value we have entered

uh we have a key value we have entered the string value over here that is the

the string value over here that is the webdriver.chrome.driver

webdriver.chrome.driver and here we have entered the path of our

and here we have entered the path of our executable chrome driver next we have

executable chrome driver next we have written web driver driver is equal to

written web driver driver is equal to new chrome driver

new chrome driver through these two steps

through these two steps the chrome browser is launched now

the chrome browser is launched now remember these two steps are common for

remember these two steps are common for all the test cases we are going to write

all the test cases we are going to write because in every test case we are going

because in every test case we are going to launch a browser so these two steps

to launch a browser so these two steps are going to be similar

are going to be similar okay

okay so the next test case the next test case

so the next test case the next test case that we have is

that we have is navigate to the

navigate to the url okay

url okay how are you going to do that now we have

how are you going to do that now we have driver as a reference variable we're

driver as a reference variable we're going to write driver dot

going to write driver dot get

get and we're going to include the

and we're going to include the site where we want to navigate that is

site where we want to navigate that is www.google.com

this is the site i want to navigate to i'm going to run this command

the chrome browser is launched but it has not navigated to

it has not navigated to the url why let's see

so here it says chrome browser chrome driver was started successfully and here

driver was started successfully and here it says

it says invalid argument exception there is

invalid argument exception there is invalid argument why

invalid argument why let me tell you here when we write the

let me tell you here when we write the url you need to write the complete url

url you need to write the complete url which includes https

which includes https colon and slash

so our chrome browser is launched and here it is it is navigated to the url

here it is it is navigated to the url that is the

that is the google.com okay

google.com okay i'll just close this

i'll just close this i'll close this as well okay

i'll close this as well okay so now you have understood to navigate

so now you have understood to navigate your url we will write driver dot get

your url we will write driver dot get the get command is used to navigate to

the get command is used to navigate to the url okay

is to close the browser

how are we going to do that we're going to simply write driver

to simply write driver dot

dot close

the close command is used to close the browser

save it and run

so your our chrome browser is launched and it is navigated to the url and it is

and it is navigated to the url and it is closed

closed see it happens very fast

see it happens very fast but uh yeah this is the process like we

but uh yeah this is the process like we have launched the chrome browser we have

have launched the chrome browser we have navigated to the url and we have closed

navigated to the url and we have closed the browser

the browser to navigate the url we are using the get

to navigate the url we are using the get command and to close the browser we are

command and to close the browser we are using the close command

using the close command so these were the steps to launch the

so these were the steps to launch the browser to navigate to the url and to

browser to navigate to the url and to close the browser

close the browser now let's execute the

now let's execute the second test set

second test set which has the firefox browser which in

which has the firefox browser which in which we have to launch the firefox

which we have to launch the firefox browser so i'll comment all these

browser so i'll comment all these and we're going to

and we're going to launch the firefox first okay there is

launch the firefox first okay there is no harm if we write both the browsers

no harm if we write both the browsers there's no harm it will execute the

there's no harm it will execute the chrome browser first and then it will

chrome browser first and then it will execute the firefox browser first we

execute the firefox browser first we will do that also but first let us

will do that also but first let us execute this particularly okay

execute this particularly okay so in the next set of test cases

so in the next set of test cases here it is we have open the firefox

here it is we have open the firefox browser navigate to the url and close

browser navigate to the url and close the browser the only difference is that

the browser the only difference is that we are working with the firefox browser

we are working with the firefox browser over here okay and over here we were

over here okay and over here we were working with the chrome browser

working with the chrome browser so let's start

so let's start first thing

first thing the first test case which says that we

the first test case which says that we have to open the

have to open the firefox browser

firefox browser okay so how we're going to do that

okay so how we're going to do that obviously we're going to write system

obviously we're going to write system dot

dot set property

set property which is having two string values one is

which is having two string values one is key and one is the

key and one is the value okay so over here you can see

value okay so over here you can see over here

over here the key value is webdriver.chrome.driver

the key value is webdriver.chrome.driver so here it's going to be a web driver

so here it's going to be a web driver dot getco

dot getco gecko is the driver name for the firefox

gecko is the driver name for the firefox browser

browser dot

dot driver

driver okay

okay this is the key

now we will enter the value how we're going to do that we're going to go to

going to do that we're going to go to the path where our

the path where our firefox

firefox driver is saved

driver is saved here it is

here it is i'm going to copy this path

i'm going to simply paste it over here we will

we will change the slashes

change the slashes and we are going to include the

and we are going to include the file name

file name so our file name is getco driver

so our file name is getco driver gecko

gecko driver

driver dot exe

dot exe okay

okay and

and next command our next command is that

next command our next command is that we're going to create an object of

we're going to create an object of firefox first and how we're going to

firefox first and how we're going to refer it we are going to refer it by the

refer it we are going to refer it by the web driver interface

web driver interface web driver

web driver driver

driver is equal to new firefox

is equal to new firefox okay

okay next

next we need to navigate to the url how we're

we need to navigate to the url how we're gonna do that

gonna do that navigate

navigate to

to the url

the url we're gonna simply write

we're gonna simply write driver

driver dot get

https we need to write https colon

colon www.google.com

okay now the third command

now the third command is to

is to close the

close the browser how we're gonna do it we simply

browser how we're gonna do it we simply write driver

write driver dot close

dot close okay so let's

okay so let's launch it

launch it let's run this program we'll click on

let's run this program we'll click on this

and here it is our firefox is launched it is navigated and

it is navigated and it's closed yes

it's closed yes so as i said there's no harm like simply

so as i said there's no harm like simply i will

i will uncomment all

these i'll name this as driver one

name this as driver one driver one and driver one

driver one and driver one okay so let's execute this

okay so let's execute this statement it will open the chrome driver

statement it will open the chrome driver first

yes it is opening the chrome driver first it is navigating and it is closing

first it is navigating and it is closing now our firefox will be opened yes

now our firefox will be opened yes it is navigating and it is

it is navigating and it is closed so there is no harm if you are

closed so there is no harm if you are including two browsers in one program

including two browsers in one program there is no harm in that okay just

there is no harm in that okay just change the reference variable your i

change the reference variable your i have changed the reference variable to

have changed the reference variable to driver 1 and driver

driver 1 and driver now since we have executed these two

now since we have executed these two sets of test cases

sets of test cases now let me explain you this command now

now let me explain you this command now here we have written web driver driver

here we have written web driver driver is equal to new firefox driver

is equal to new firefox driver we can also write

we can also write firefox

firefox driver

driver dr1 is equal to new

dr1 is equal to new firefox driver

firefox driver this command

this command is also valid okay it's there's no harm

is also valid okay it's there's no harm in writing firefox driver dr1 is equal

in writing firefox driver dr1 is equal to new firefox driver

to new firefox driver but what are the disadvantages behind

but what are the disadvantages behind this

this statement i'll tell you

statement i'll tell you now see when you're working in an

now see when you're working in an organization you are working

organization you are working with many people you will be having at

with many people you will be having at least 500 number of test case cases and

least 500 number of test case cases and out of which 250 test cases are need to

out of which 250 test cases are need to be automated so there are large number

be automated so there are large number of test cases which are need to be

of test cases which are need to be automated in that you will be supporting

automated in that you will be supporting the cross browser testing

the cross browser testing so

so you have to simultaneously uh

you have to simultaneously uh run a multiple browsers at the same time

run a multiple browsers at the same time okay and then a large number of test

okay and then a large number of test cases now see the advantage behind

cases now see the advantage behind writing webdriver driver is equal to new

writing webdriver driver is equal to new firefox driver your you are not stick to

firefox driver your you are not stick to one browser

one browser you can

you can execute multiple browsers this way but

execute multiple browsers this way but whereas if we write firefox driver

whereas if we write firefox driver driver one is equal to a new firefox

driver one is equal to a new firefox driver here we are stick to one driver

driver here we are stick to one driver it is um we are specific towards the

it is um we are specific towards the driver that is the firefox driver here

driver that is the firefox driver here if you want to change to chrome driver

if you want to change to chrome driver it will be you have to write chrome

it will be you have to write chrome driver

dr2 is equal to new

new this is what you have to write if you

this is what you have to write if you want to change to chrome driver and you

want to change to chrome driver and you have to

have to comment this line and even have you have

comment this line and even have you have to change there will be many other

to change there will be many other changes also in the program because of a

changes also in the program because of a driver okay so this thing is very

driver okay so this thing is very harmful it is not a good practice of

harmful it is not a good practice of writing this command that is the firefox

writing this command that is the firefox driver

driver driver is equal to new firefox driver

driver is equal to new firefox driver whereas when if you if you're working

whereas when if you if you're working with this and there is a situation where

with this and there is a situation where you have to change to chrome driver you

you have to change to chrome driver you have to simply just change over your

have to simply just change over your chrome driver

chrome driver you will just write chrome driver

you will just write chrome driver and your entire program will be

and your entire program will be launched through a chrome driver okay so

launched through a chrome driver okay so this is the difference between the web

this is the difference between the web driver driver is equal to new chrome

driver driver is equal to new chrome driver and the chrome driver driver is

driver and the chrome driver driver is equal to new chrome driver these are the

equal to new chrome driver these are the problems that we are facing if you are

problems that we are facing if you are writing chrome driver driver is equal to

writing chrome driver driver is equal to new chrome driver that is the program is

new chrome driver that is the program is specific towards the chrome driver

specific towards the chrome driver whereas if you are writing web driver

whereas if you are writing web driver driver is equal to new chrome driver it

driver is equal to new chrome driver it is not specific to us a particular

is not specific to us a particular browser okay

browser okay so let's first rely revise what have we

so let's first rely revise what have we uh understood in this tutorial

uh understood in this tutorial so what did we learn the first thing

so what did we learn the first thing that we learnt is to launch the browser

that we learnt is to launch the browser in case of chrome browser how did we do

in case of chrome browser how did we do first we uh

first we uh set the property to a system class that

set the property to a system class that is a system.set property in which we are

is a system.set property in which we are having two string

having two string we need to enter two string values that

we need to enter two string values that is the string key and the string value

is the string key and the string value in case of chrome driver the string key

in case of chrome driver the string key is the webdriver chrome driver whereas

is the webdriver chrome driver whereas the string value will be the path where

the string value will be the path where our executable file is saved

our executable file is saved the next statement is that we're going

the next statement is that we're going to write web driver driver is equal to

to write web driver driver is equal to new chrome driver through these commands

new chrome driver through these commands it will launch the chrome browser

it will launch the chrome browser now in case of firefox browser same we

now in case of firefox browser same we are going to write system.set property

are going to write system.set property but the key value will change that is

but the key value will change that is the webdriver.getcode.driver

the webdriver.getcode.driver and also the path where our firefox

and also the path where our firefox driver is placed that will also change

driver is placed that will also change okay then the next command will be web

okay then the next command will be web driver driver is equal to new firefox

driver driver is equal to new firefox driver through this command we are

driver through this command we are launching our firefox browser

launching our firefox browser next we learned how to navigate to a

next we learned how to navigate to a particular url simply we will use driver

particular url simply we will use driver dot get command the get command is used

dot get command the get command is used to navigate to a particular url we have

to navigate to a particular url we have to include the https uh all the website

to include the https uh all the website any any url you are entering over here

any any url you are entering over here you have to entire the you have to enter

you have to entire the you have to enter the full url the entire url including

the full url the entire url including the https okay

the https okay then to close the browser we learned how

then to close the browser we learned how to close the browser that is we are

to close the browser that is we are using the close command that is a

using the close command that is a driver.close command

driver.close command so the next thing

so the next thing the next thing that we learned is about

the next thing that we learned is about the hierarchy of the classes and the

the hierarchy of the classes and the interfaces

interfaces that is we learned first thing about the

that is we learned first thing about the search context it is a super interface

search context it is a super interface of the web driver and it has only two

of the web driver and it has only two methods that is the fine element and the

methods that is the fine element and the find elements

find elements next we learned that the web driver is

next we learned that the web driver is an interface which extends the search

an interface which extends the search context interface and the web driver has

context interface and the web driver has methods like the get method the get

methods like the get method the get title get current url close quit etc

title get current url close quit etc that has many methods and also it

that has many methods and also it has the nested interfaces also then the

has the nested interfaces also then the remote web driver is a fully implemented

remote web driver is a fully implemented class which implements the web driver

class which implements the web driver interface

interface okay

okay then we have the chrome driver the

then we have the chrome driver the internet explorer driver the firefox

internet explorer driver the firefox driver opera safari driver all these are

driver opera safari driver all these are child classes of the remote webdriver

child classes of the remote webdriver class and they provide the browser

class and they provide the browser specific implementation of the selenium

specific implementation of the selenium webdriver

webdriver so these are the hierarchy of the

so these are the hierarchy of the classes and the interfaces of the

classes and the interfaces of the selenium webdriver

selenium webdriver next next we learned that what are the

next next we learned that what are the this is this this ppt shows that what

this is this this ppt shows that what are the valid statements that we can

are the valid statements that we can write through uh creating an object of

write through uh creating an object of chrome driver and how can we refer it

chrome driver and how can we refer it now writing web driver driver is equal

now writing web driver driver is equal to new web driver this command is wrong

to new web driver this command is wrong okay this command is wrong

okay this command is wrong we can write web driver driver is equal

we can write web driver driver is equal to new chrome driver new firefox driver

to new chrome driver new firefox driver new internet explorer driver this is the

new internet explorer driver this is the best practice in industry level we use

best practice in industry level we use the web driver driver is equal to new

the web driver driver is equal to new chrome driver this command is frequently

chrome driver this command is frequently cut this command is only used because uh

cut this command is only used because uh writing this command firefox driver

writing this command firefox driver through this it is the program the

through this it is the program the script that you're writing is specific

script that you're writing is specific towards a firefox only it is launching

towards a firefox only it is launching it will launch only the firefox browser

it will launch only the firefox browser whereas over here also it will launch

whereas over here also it will launch only the firefox driver but there's a

only the firefox driver but there's a situation where you have to change the

situation where you have to change the driver they will they might say that the

driver they will they might say that the company says that you have to launch the

company says that you have to launch the chrome browser

chrome browser launch the entire test script in the

launch the entire test script in the chrome browser so what you're going to

chrome browser so what you're going to do is you just have to simply change

do is you just have to simply change over here to chrome driver and you're

over here to chrome driver and you're done but whereas if you're uh writing

done but whereas if you're uh writing firefox driver you have to change the

firefox driver you have to change the entire statement and there will be other

entire statement and there will be other statements also that you have to change

statements also that you have to change okay

okay so the best practice is the web driver

so the best practice is the web driver practice web driver driver is equal to

practice web driver driver is equal to new firefox driver but whereas if you

new firefox driver but whereas if you write chrome driver driver is equal to

write chrome driver driver is equal to new chrome driver there's no harm in it

new chrome driver there's no harm in it but the best practice is to write the

but the best practice is to write the web driver

web driver so this is all for today

so this is all for today so in this tutorial we will understand

so in this tutorial we will understand what are web elements what are the

what are web elements what are the different types of web elements we will

different types of web elements we will understand the locators and its types

understand the locators and its types also we will understand the difference

also we will understand the difference between find elements and find element

between find elements and find element method

method so let's get started

first thing what is web element now anything that is present on the web

now anything that is present on the web page is called as a web element for

page is called as a web element for example the text box is a drop down menu

example the text box is a drop down menu the radio button anything that is

the radio button anything that is present on the web page is known as a

present on the web page is known as a web element

web element let me show you this site for example

for example this is the web page now anything that is present on this web

anything that is present on this web page anything that is this search bar

page anything that is this search bar these uh

these uh my account link this more link this cart

my account link this more link this cart link the search icon anything that is

link the search icon anything that is present over here is a web element we

present over here is a web element we have to inspect all these elements like

have to inspect all these elements like over here if you want to send any

over here if you want to send any command if you want to send any text

command if you want to send any text message on the search bar how are we

message on the search bar how are we going to do that we're going to inspect

going to do that we're going to inspect the elements so all these are known as

the elements so all these are known as web elements

now web elements are basically of two types one is single element the second

types one is single element the second is the group elements

is the group elements now single element

now single element this is the registration page here you

this is the registration page here you can see

can see here you can see these text boxes right

here you can see these text boxes right so these are single elements why because

so these are single elements why because of we can easily find out a locator to

of we can easily find out a locator to work with this for example we can find

work with this for example we can find it through id we can find out through

it through id we can find out through name so these are the different types of

name so these are the different types of locators that will be used to uh inspect

locators that will be used to uh inspect these elements these text boxes this

these elements these text boxes this radio button

radio button but

but i'm explaining here what are the

i'm explaining here what are the different types of web elements so there

different types of web elements so there are two one is the single element the

are two one is the single element the second is the group element single

second is the group element single elements are the text boxes because we

elements are the text boxes because we can identify them very easily through

can identify them very easily through locators through name through class name

locators through name through class name whereas the drop down menu they are

whereas the drop down menu they are known as group elements because

known as group elements because here to identify the drop down menu we

here to identify the drop down menu we will use a locator as well as that we

will use a locator as well as that we will use a combination of a value or

will use a combination of a value or index property now what is this value or

index property now what is this value or index property when we understand how to

index property when we understand how to uh inspect the drop down menu at that

uh inspect the drop down menu at that time we will come to know that what are

time we will come to know that what are the different types of

the different types of commands that is used to inspect the

commands that is used to inspect the drop down menu so there is a reason why

drop down menu so there is a reason why it is called as a group element

it is called as a group element so next we have locators now what are

so next we have locators now what are locators locators are the way to

locators locators are the way to identify and web element

identify and web element anything that is present on a web page

anything that is present on a web page is called as a web element right so how

is called as a web element right so how do we identify it for example

do we identify it for example here you can see right this search box

here you can see right this search box how will you identify the search box how

how will you identify the search box how will you send commands to the search box

will you send commands to the search box how will you uh click on this icon on

how will you uh click on this icon on the search icon how will you do that for

the search icon how will you do that for that you need to inspect these elements

that you need to inspect these elements for that you need to locate these

for that you need to locate these elements so how we gonna do that simply

elements so how we gonna do that simply just place your cursor on this element

just place your cursor on this element or whichever element you want to inspect

or whichever element you want to inspect just right click it

just right click it and click on inspect

and click on inspect and here you can see

and here you can see see i'm

see i'm actually placing my mouse on this syntax

actually placing my mouse on this syntax of search button of this search box and

of search button of this search box and it is highlighting here you can see

it is highlighting here you can see right it is highlighting

right it is highlighting so this is the way you can inspect your

so this is the way you can inspect your web element and through these locators

web element and through these locators we will

we will inspect the element for example here you

inspect the element for example here you can see input this input is your tag

can see input this input is your tag name it is an element

name it is an element your input has many attributes like we

your input has many attributes like we have class we have type we have name we

have class we have type we have name we have title so these are the different

have title so these are the different attributes of input tag so we will be

attributes of input tag so we will be using these attributes as locators to

using these attributes as locators to locate these web elements to inspect

locate these web elements to inspect these web elements okay

these web elements okay so now what are locators locators are a

so now what are locators locators are a way to identify a html element on a web

way to identify a html element on a web page

page as we

as we just saw right now now there are

just saw right now now there are different types of locators one is the

different types of locators one is the locator the second is the customized

locator the second is the customized locator under locator we have the id we

locator under locator we have the id we have the name we have the link text and

have the name we have the link text and the partial link text we have the tag

the partial link text we have the tag name we have the class name whereas in

name we have the class name whereas in customized locators we have the css

customized locators we have the css selector and the x bar now this xpath is

selector and the x bar now this xpath is one of the most important locators and

one of the most important locators and it is frequently used by many

it is frequently used by many automation testers because it is one of

automation testers because it is one of the most easiest thing and uh we will be

the most easiest thing and uh we will be using a different uh plugin for this

using a different uh plugin for this expert that is called the crow path

expert that is called the crow path plugin so choosing xpath as a locator

plugin so choosing xpath as a locator will be one of the most easiest locator

will be one of the most easiest locator yeah even though id name and all these

yeah even though id name and all these are easiest but most of the time peop

are easiest but most of the time peop automation testers they prefer the xpath

automation testers they prefer the xpath locator

locator okay so we will do that at the end

okay so we will do that at the end because there are many uh technical

because there are many uh technical things also in this it is

things also in this it is a little hard to understand before that

a little hard to understand before that we will understand what is id name link

we will understand what is id name link text partial link text tag name class

text partial link text tag name class name and css selector and you will have

name and css selector and you will have a command on this we will

a command on this we will practically implement also this

practically implement also this okay so locating by id

okay so locating by id now uh before proceeding i would

now uh before proceeding i would recommend you to

recommend you to have a basic knowledge about the html

have a basic knowledge about the html which will be very beneficial for you

which will be very beneficial for you because we are automating the web pages

because we are automating the web pages over here and a web page is made up of

over here and a web page is made up of html css javascript languages so your

html css javascript languages so your html and css will play a lot of role

html and css will play a lot of role over here

over here in locating the web elements just the

in locating the web elements just the basic knowledge and then it's fine

basic knowledge and then it's fine okay

okay so now locating by id

so now locating by id now id they are unique for each element

now id they are unique for each element the id value that we have right is

the id value that we have right is always unique for each element and it is

always unique for each element and it is one of the most common way of

one of the most common way of locating an element

locating an element and the id are supposed to be unique on

and the id are supposed to be unique on a page

a page and that is the reason why id are the

and that is the reason why id are the most reliable locators like in form of

most reliable locators like in form of priorities whenever the automation

priorities whenever the automation tester tests the application

tester tests the application the first thing that they will do is

the first thing that they will do is they will try to automate the web

they will try to automate the web element through

element through id

id because uh id the value of id is always

because uh id the value of id is always unique for each element so that is the

unique for each element so that is the reason why id is one of the most

reason why id is one of the most reliable locator and the fastest and the

reliable locator and the fastest and the safest locators out of all the locators

safest locators out of all the locators okay

okay now let us assume this is your text box

now let us assume this is your text box email address and you want to send some

email address and you want to send some value over here you want to automate

value over here you want to automate this field okay you want to inspect this

this field okay you want to inspect this field you want to send some value over

field you want to send some value over your how you're going to do that and

your how you're going to do that and this is the html syntax that you have

this is the html syntax that you have for this text box

for this text box so how will we locate this element by id

so how will we locate this element by id we will simply write driver dot find

we will simply write driver dot find element

element here i am using find element and not

here i am using find element and not find elements okay

find elements okay driver dot find element by dot id

driver dot find element by dot id and here when you inspect this element

and here when you inspect this element when you uh right click and inspect on

when you uh right click and inspect on this element here you will get the

this element here you will get the syntax right over your id is equal to

syntax right over your id is equal to email you will place this value over

email you will place this value over here now see whatever value you enter

here now see whatever value you enter here is case sensitive okay whatever is

here is case sensitive okay whatever is written over here you have to write it

written over here you have to write it over here the same way like over here

over here the same way like over here the email is written in small letters

the email is written in small letters you need to enter your email in small

you need to enter your email in small letters only it's case sensitive okay

letters only it's case sensitive okay then i will

then i will send a form command this is the send key

send a form command this is the send key command over use this is a form control

command over use this is a form control which is used over here to send a

which is used over here to send a particular text to this field what i'm

particular text to this field what i'm doing is send keys abc at the right

doing is send keys abc at the right gmail.com right so i'm sending this

gmail.com right so i'm sending this email id that is abc at the gmail.com in

email id that is abc at the gmail.com in this text field the text field which is

this text field the text field which is located over here this email

located over here this email so you get it i'm writing driver dot

so you get it i'm writing driver dot find element by dot id email which i

find element by dot id email which i found it over here in the syntax

found it over here in the syntax dot send keys abc at the rate gmail.com

dot send keys abc at the rate gmail.com so this is the way how i'm going to

so this is the way how i'm going to locate the id see we're going to

locate the id see we're going to implement it also

implement it also first just understand this command

first just understand this command okay

okay the next one

the next one locating by name the next locator is

locating by name the next locator is name okay

name okay now here

now here same same thing just assume you have a

same same thing just assume you have a text box which is name uh which is of

text box which is name uh which is of email address and this is the

email address and this is the syntax of it so how we gonna look it by

syntax of it so how we gonna look it by name it's the same same as id but the

name it's the same same as id but the only difference between name and id is

only difference between name and id is that

that name locator

name locator are not unique for a page like i said

are not unique for a page like i said for id for each element the id value is

for id for each element the id value is unique whereas for name it's not that

unique whereas for name it's not that okay

okay that is the difference between the id

that is the difference between the id and the name

and the name so over here you can see right name is

so over here you can see right name is equal to from similarly we will write

equal to from similarly we will write driver dot find element

driver dot find element by dot name

by dot name from

from dot send keys abc at the rate gmail.com

dot send keys abc at the rate gmail.com so this is the command which i will use

so this is the command which i will use to locate by name locator

now let's implement this uh practically i'll just open my intellij idea ide

so now i'll create a new java class simply uh i'm having this project name

simply uh i'm having this project name selenium and i'll create a new java

selenium and i'll create a new java class i'll name it as

class i'll name it as selenium

now here you can see this web page now we will be automating this web page

we will be automating this web page so the task that we have for today is

so the task that we have for today is here you can see the search bar

here you can see the search bar so we will be automating this search bar

so we will be automating this search bar so how we gonna do that we simply gonna

so how we gonna do that we simply gonna click on the search bar and click on

click on the search bar and click on inspect

inspect and here you can see

and here you can see as my mouse is on the syntax and you can

as my mouse is on the syntax and you can see that the search box is

see that the search box is highlighted

highlighted okay here we have different attributes

okay here we have different attributes like the class we have the type we have

like the class we have the type we have id we have name so we will be using

id we have name so we will be using these attributes to locate this search

these attributes to locate this search element one by one okay

element one by one okay so let's do it

so let's do it now open your intelligent idea id and

now open your intelligent idea id and create a new class i created a new class

create a new class i created a new class in

in my selenium project that is the selenium

my selenium project that is the selenium tutorials too and

tutorials too and in the previous tutorial i explained how

in the previous tutorial i explained how to launch a browser we will be launching

to launch a browser we will be launching the chrome browser so here i have

the chrome browser so here i have written the two commands that were used

written the two commands that were used in launching the chrome browser that is

in launching the chrome browser that is the system dot set property here we have

the system dot set property here we have to enter the key value that is the

to enter the key value that is the webdriver.chrome.driver

webdriver.chrome.driver and the uh path of the executable file

and the uh path of the executable file that is the chrome driver executable

that is the chrome driver executable file

file next we had written that the web driver

next we had written that the web driver driver is equal to new chrome driver so

driver is equal to new chrome driver so these two commands are used to launch

these two commands are used to launch the chrome browser so let's run this

okay so your our chrome browser is launched now what i want to do is i want

launched now what i want to do is i want to maximize this chrome browser that is

to maximize this chrome browser that is my chrome browser is minimized right now

my chrome browser is minimized right now this is what i want

this is what i want so how am i going to do that

so how am i going to do that i'll simply write

i'll write driver dot manage

dot manage dot window

dot window dot maximize

dot maximize so this command will maximize the chrome

so this command will maximize the chrome browser now let's see

browser now let's see let's run

so here you can see my chrome browser got maximized okay

as i said we are going to locate this search box through id and by name okay

search box through id and by name okay locators so let's do it by id first

let's do it by id locator so first

so first okay sorry uh just before that we have

okay sorry uh just before that we have to navigate to the

to navigate to the uh url right so first we will

uh url right so first we will navigate to the

navigate to the url

url we're gonna write

we're gonna write driver dot

driver dot get

get gonna enter this

gonna enter this url

and yeah okay

okay so yeah first we launched the chrome

so yeah first we launched the chrome browser we maximized the chrome browser

browser we maximized the chrome browser then we navigated to the url let's check

then we navigated to the url let's check it first

it's launched the chrome browser is launched maximized

launched maximized and it is navigated to this url

and it is navigated to this url so i'll just close this

so i'll just close this now

now as i said i want to

as i said i want to locate this search box this search box

locate this search box this search box through id

through id now here same i'll just place my command

now here same i'll just place my command click on inspect and your this

click on inspect and your this syntax here you can see right

syntax here you can see right this syntax here you can see id is equal

this syntax here you can see id is equal to search underscore query underscore

to search underscore query underscore top

top so this value will be used to locate

so this value will be used to locate this search box now how am i going to do

this search box now how am i going to do that just check it out first

that just check it out first okay

okay so what i'm going to do is i'm going to

so what i'm going to do is i'm going to write driver

write driver dot

dot find element

find element let's find element and not find elements

let's find element and not find elements okay fine element

okay fine element i'm gonna write by

i'm gonna write by dot

dot see here you can see it's by dot tag

see here you can see it's by dot tag name id class name css selector so i'm

name id class name css selector so i'm using id

using id id

id and then i will here

and then i will here insert the value of id that is given

insert the value of id that is given over here simply just double click on it

over here simply just double click on it copy it

copy it and paste it over here okay it is case

and paste it over here okay it is case sensitive so play uh paste the same

sensitive so play uh paste the same thing the this this thing this value

thing the this this thing this value should be same

should be same as

as the id that is given in that syntax okay

the id that is given in that syntax okay now what i want to do is i want to send

now what i want to do is i want to send some command to it so i'll write send

some command to it so i'll write send keys

keys and i'll simply just type

and i'll simply just type i want to send

i want to send t-shirts

and here you can see you could see it's your it's written t-shirts right we

your it's written t-shirts right we haven't

haven't inspected this element this search bar

inspected this element this search bar and that's why it's not clicking on this

and that's why it's not clicking on this okay we will do that later

okay we will do that later so now

so now this is the first way of writing driver

this is the first way of writing driver dot find element by id and dot sign keys

dot find element by id and dot sign keys okay the second method that you can

okay the second method that you can write this command is

write this command is let me comment this so i can write

let me comment this so i can write driver

driver similarly just the same thing

similarly just the same thing but

but i'll write it in a different way find

i'll write it in a different way find element i'll write by dot id

okay that's it now what i'm going to do is

that's it now what i'm going to do is i'm going to store this

i'm going to store this in a variable i will name it as

in a variable i will name it as search

search is equal to driver dot fine element by

is equal to driver dot fine element by dot id

dot id now what i'm doing i'm locating a web

now what i'm doing i'm locating a web element right in java usually when we

element right in java usually when we write we write it as int a is equal to

write we write it as int a is equal to 10 right then we write

10 right then we write float

float b is equal to 10.2 so you're giving some

b is equal to 10.2 so you're giving some data type to your a and b variables

data type to your a and b variables right so here also we will

right so here also we will this search element

this search element so here also we will write something

so here also we will write something right so what you're going to do that so

right so what you're going to do that so what you're going to write

what you're going to write simply here you see this search

simply here you see this search underscore queries underscore talk what

underscore queries underscore talk what is this we are locating a web element

is this we are locating a web element right

right so we are finding a web element on a web

so we are finding a web element on a web page so this search variable will be of

page so this search variable will be of what type it will be of web element type

what type it will be of web element type so web element search is equal to driver

so web element search is equal to driver dot find element by dot id search

dot find element by dot id search underscore query underscore talk

underscore query underscore talk okay

okay now over here you could see i had

now over here you could see i had written dots and key so simply what i'll

written dots and key so simply what i'll do is i'll write

do is i'll write search

search dot

dot send keys and i'm gonna write

send keys and i'm gonna write t-shirts

t-shirts okay

okay so let's run this command this is the

so let's run this command this is the second way of writing this

second way of writing this one line command

one line command you can write it this way or you can

you can write it this way or you can write it this way depends on your

it's maximized is navigated to this url

and here it is you can see it's t-shirt here the value is sent

here the value is sent okay so i'll just close this

okay so i'll just close this and close this also

and close this also okay so i'll just comment this

for now this method

is better okay

okay next we will do it by

next we will do it by name

name we will locate the search box by

we will locate the search box by name

name okay so how we gonna do that

okay so how we gonna do that again we're gonna write

again we're gonna write driver

driver dot find element

dot find element by

by dot

dot name

we have the value of name just double click it

click it copy it

copy it paste it over here

paste it over here and write

and write dot send keys i'll write

chrome browser is launched it's maximized

maximized it is navigated to this url

and here you can see

here you can see okay wait a minute

okay wait a minute okay i didn't

okay i didn't comment this let me comment this

comment this let me comment this okay

it's maximized it's navigated to this url

and here you can see it's shorts okay

okay so i'll just close this

so i'll just close this now we have understood how do we locate

now we have understood how do we locate by id and how do we look it by name

by id and how do we look it by name similarly here you can see the

similarly here you can see the your the same way the same way you can

your the same way the same way you can write it by name also there's nothing

write it by name also there's nothing different in it but this is the most

different in it but this is the most precise way you just write it in your in

precise way you just write it in your in one line here you have to write in two

one line here you have to write in two lines is the same thing

lines is the same thing so i prefer this one so it's up to you

so i prefer this one so it's up to you which one do you prefer there's no harm

which one do you prefer there's no harm in writing

in writing either of the way okay

either of the way okay so we have learnt by id we have learned

so we have learnt by id we have learned by name

by name next we have locating by link text and

next we have locating by link text and partial link text now what is link text

partial link text now what is link text and partial link text

and partial link text see

see whenever we have links in our pages okay

whenever we have links in our pages okay like there's a web page and there are

like there's a web page and there are links involved in this in that case we

links involved in this in that case we have the link text and the partial link

have the link text and the partial link text

now link text and partial link text both are different they are not the same but

are different they are not the same but partial link text is not mostly used by

partial link text is not mostly used by the automation testers

the automation testers link text is mostly used by the testers

link text is mostly used by the testers because this is the most precise way of

because this is the most precise way of automating or clicking a link for

automating or clicking a link for example like suppose let me show you

example like suppose let me show you here this page you can see right now

here this page you can see right now your woman

your woman i have dresses

i have dresses now there are various dresses over here

now there are various dresses over here so if i want to click on this link here

so if i want to click on this link here you can see this link

you can see this link so if i want to click on this like how

so if i want to click on this like how am i going to do i'm just simply going

am i going to do i'm just simply going to click inspect

to click inspect and here you can see this you can see

and here you can see this you can see there's an anchor tag over here

there's an anchor tag over here so this anchor tag is used for links in

so this anchor tag is used for links in html okay now here you can see is there

html okay now here you can see is there any class is there any name or id

any class is there any name or id attribute used over here no right so how

attribute used over here no right so how will you identify this element how will

will you identify this element how will you inspect this element we will inspect

you inspect this element we will inspect this element through link text that is

this element through link text that is the link text which is written over here

the link text which is written over here you can see women a line multi-color

you can see women a line multi-color dress you can see this uh text written

dress you can see this uh text written over here right we're gonna inspect

over here right we're gonna inspect through this text this is the link text

through this text this is the link text that is given over here

that is given over here and the a class which denotes the anchor

and the a class which denotes the anchor class

class uh

uh which is used for links in html okay so

which is used for links in html okay so for clicking the links in selenium we

for clicking the links in selenium we will be using the link text locator

so how are we going to locate this element through link text or partial

element through link text or partial link text now for example here we have

link text now for example here we have various links like the printed dress the

various links like the printed dress the printed summer dress and this is the

printed summer dress and this is the syntax of this okay

syntax of this okay so

so it is a syntax of sprinted summer dress

it is a syntax of sprinted summer dress so how we're going to click on this

so how we're going to click on this printed summer dress how we're going to

printed summer dress how we're going to click on this link

click on this link for that

for that we will be using i'll be explaining link

we will be using i'll be explaining link text first we'll write driver dot find

text first we'll write driver dot find element by dot link text

element by dot link text printed summer dress here you can see

printed summer dress here you can see this is printed summer dress this link

this is printed summer dress this link text is used to identify this element

text is used to identify this element here you can see there is printed summer

here you can see there is printed summer dress this printed summer dress right

dress this printed summer dress right this text is used to identify this

this text is used to identify this element that is the printed summer dress

element that is the printed summer dress okay so i just simply write printed some

okay so i just simply write printed some address this is case sensitive to cited

address this is case sensitive to cited the same way and dot click again before

the same way and dot click again before we were writing send keys right that is

we were writing send keys right that is the form command this is also form

the form command this is also form command which is used to click a

command which is used to click a specific element or to click a specific

specific element or to click a specific link so what operation i need to perform

link so what operation i need to perform over here i want to click this element

over here i want to click this element right print it somewhere else so i'm

right print it somewhere else so i'm going to write dot click

going to write dot click similarly for partial link text what you

similarly for partial link text what you do you partially write the text like

do you partially write the text like over here we have the printed summer

over here we have the printed summer dress we'll just write some address

dress we'll just write some address still it will detect this printed sum

still it will detect this printed sum address and it will click at this link

address and it will click at this link okay

okay that's the uh partial link test and the

that's the uh partial link test and the link text

link text now here the partial link text means

now here the partial link text means that we don't need to pass the complete

that we don't need to pass the complete value here you just need to pass a

value here you just need to pass a portion of the text like i said you need

portion of the text like i said you need to pass the portion of the next i have

to pass the portion of the next i have passed some address over here right so

passed some address over here right so through this also it will click at

through this also it will click at printed some address so let's uh

printed some address so let's uh practically do it first or uh just open

practically do it first or uh just open your

your intellij id id

intellij id id so i'll just create a different package

so i'll just create a different package over here

over here sorry i'll just create a different class

sorry i'll just create a different class over here

over here or link text and

or link text and partial link text so i'll just write

selenium tutorials

tutorials three

three okay

okay just click on dresses

okay so now by

by link

link text

text so it's going to be um

driver dot

dot fine element

fine element by

by dot

dot link text

link text okay

okay so now here i want um

so now here i want um i want to click on this link so how am i

i want to click on this link so how am i gonna do it i'm gonna

gonna do it i'm gonna inspect this element first

so i've inspected this element here you can see i have the printed

here you can see i have the printed chiffon dress which is written away this

chiffon dress which is written away this is the

is the link text i will copy this

and i will paste it over here and simply write

and simply write click

click okay

okay so now let's see

and here it is selected so here you can see this is printed

so here you can see this is printed chiffon dress

chiffon dress as i had written a printed chiffon dress

as i had written a printed chiffon dress dot click so here it's clicked

dot click so here it's clicked okay

okay now let's try it by partial link text

now let's try it by partial link text so i'll just simply

so i'll just simply command this

what i'm going to do is i'm going to write driver

write driver dot

dot find element

find element by dot

by dot partial link text and what i'm going to

partial link text and what i'm going to enter is chiffon dress

enter is chiffon dress and i'll click

this text okay so now let's run this

chrome browser's launch this maximize it is navigating

is navigating [Music]

and now it's clicked okay so now you can see

see through partial link text also my

through partial link text also my printed chiffon dress this this dress

printed chiffon dress this this dress this link is clicked

this link is clicked so now we have understood uh

id we have understood name then we have understood the partial link text and the

understood the partial link text and the link text

link text so next is class name

so next is class name now through class also we can locate our

now through class also we can locate our web element for example we have this

web element for example we have this text box name email address and we have

text box name email address and we have this uh syntax of html syntax now we

this uh syntax of html syntax now we have the attribute class over here here

have the attribute class over here here we have the class attribute form control

we have the class attribute form control the value is

the value is so how we're going to locate by class

so how we're going to locate by class simply just write driver dot find

simply just write driver dot find element by dot class

element by dot class form control send keys and whatever

form control send keys and whatever value you want to send away it's similar

value you want to send away it's similar to id and name there's no such

to id and name there's no such difference in it but this one thing is

difference in it but this one thing is that the class name that the value of

that the class name that the value of form control now this value can be of

form control now this value can be of multiple elements on a web page it's not

multiple elements on a web page it's not unique

unique whereas the id is a unique uh value

whereas the id is a unique uh value right which is given to each element for

right which is given to each element for each element the id value is different

each element the id value is different whereas for class the value for each

whereas for class the value for each element is similar

element is similar like for multiple elements there must be

like for multiple elements there must be a class name form control okay

a class name form control okay so in that case uh many of them don't

so in that case uh many of them don't use class the automation testers they

use class the automation testers they use class uh locator very less as

use class uh locator very less as compared to the id and the name

compared to the id and the name so the next locator that we have is the

so the next locator that we have is the tag name

tag name okay now tag name uh are used to find

okay now tag name uh are used to find multiple elements on the web page

multiple elements on the web page like let me tell you what is tag name

like let me tell you what is tag name like suppose um

like suppose um here you can see right this input this

here you can see right this input this is your tag name

is your tag name this is the tag name here over your

this is the tag name here over your input and the attributes are this type

input and the attributes are this type name id

name id these are the attributes that is used

these are the attributes that is used so tag name

so tag name are used to find multiple elements on

are used to find multiple elements on the web page

the web page for example suppose

suppose this page okay now i want to find the number of links

now i want to find the number of links present on this page

present on this page so how can i do that

so how can i do that i'll simply click on inspect

i'll simply click on inspect i'll find the anchor tags the number of

i'll find the anchor tags the number of anchor tags present on this page okay

anchor tags present on this page okay through that i can find out the number

through that i can find out the number of links that is present in this page

of links that is present in this page okay so tag name now your tag name like

okay so tag name now your tag name like a like here the a the anchor tag is used

a like here the a the anchor tag is used as a tag name now through this a that is

as a tag name now through this a that is the anchor tag we can locate the uh we

the anchor tag we can locate the uh we can find the number of links present on

can find the number of links present on this page

this page now remember tag name is used when we

now remember tag name is used when we want to find multiple things like

want to find multiple things like suppose i can now um

suppose i can now um [Music]

[Music] i if i want to find the number of

i if i want to find the number of sliders over here

sliders over here like how many sliders are present

like how many sliders are present so how am i going to do i'm going to

so how am i going to do i'm going to inspect the element like under every

inspect the element like under every anchor tag we have the image

anchor tag we have the image like suppose for example let me

like suppose for example let me inspect this

inspect this here

yeah you can see under every angle tag we have the image so the source image

we have the image so the source image resource so

resource so ah through this anchor tag i can inspect

ah through this anchor tag i can inspect the number of sliders that is there i

the number of sliders that is there i can inspect these sliders how many

can inspect these sliders how many sliders are present how many uh through

sliders are present how many uh through this image tag i can identify how many

this image tag i can identify how many images are present on this web pages so

images are present on this web pages so the tag is used to find multiple

the tag is used to find multiple elements on the web page

elements on the web page now for example it is mostly used like

now for example it is mostly used like if i want to find the number of sliders

if i want to find the number of sliders if i want to find the number of links on

if i want to find the number of links on this page if i want to find the number

this page if i want to find the number of images on this page so through this i

of images on this page so through this i can find the uh

can find the uh number of multiple items or multiple

number of multiple items or multiple elements on the web page

elements on the web page so let's implement that

so let's implement that so what i'm going to do is i'm going to

so what i'm going to do is i'm going to let's create a new

let's create a new class

class java class

java class write

write selenium

selenium tutorials

okay so i have created a new java class over here

over here i'll write driver.get

i'll write driver.get and this i'll write

and this i'll write inspect this element

okay we will inspect this we will try to find the number of links present on this

find the number of links present on this page okay

page okay let's see whether this

let's see whether this program runs properly or not

is maximized it is navigated to google.com okay

google.com okay so now um

so now um what i want to do is i want to find the

what i want to do is i want to find the number of links that is present on this

number of links that is present on this page okay there are many links like this

page okay there are many links like this image gmail

image gmail and there are links like hindi and the

and there are links like hindi and the different types of languages so i want

different types of languages so i want to i want to know the number of links

to i want to know the number of links that is present on this page so how am i

that is present on this page so how am i going to do that

going to do that okay

okay simply

simply i'll use the tag name tags over here

i'll use the tag name tags over here so here we will be using by tag name the

so here we will be using by tag name the locator so i'll just simply write driver

locator so i'll just simply write driver dot find elements i'll use find elements

dot find elements i'll use find elements over here because i have to find

over here because i have to find multiple elements over here okay

multiple elements over here okay by

by dot

dot tag name and here i'll write

tag name and here i'll write which tag do i need to inspect to find

which tag do i need to inspect to find the number of links that is present on

the number of links that is present on this page so i will be inspecting the

this page so i will be inspecting the anchor tags that is present

anchor tags that is present on this page right the number of anchor

on this page right the number of anchor tags i want to know the number of anchor

tags i want to know the number of anchor tags that is present on this page so

tags that is present on this page so i'll be using

i'll be using a this is the tag name which i want to

a this is the tag name which i want to inspect

inspect okay

now here i have used elements find elements right

elements right so what i'm going to do is i'm going to

so what i'm going to do is i'm going to um

um write a variable over here link is equal

write a variable over here link is equal to driver.find elements by dot name tag

to driver.find elements by dot name tag name

name now this link is of what type that we

now this link is of what type that we need to decide right

need to decide right so how are we gonna do that now here

this find elements okay this find elements need to return a list

this find elements need to return a list it needs to return a list of elements

it needs to return a list of elements it needs to return a list of web

it needs to return a list of web elements

elements where the elements are this a this

where the elements are this a this anchor tag the links that is present on

anchor tag the links that is present on the web page anything that is present on

the web page anything that is present on the web page is known as web elements

the web page is known as web elements right so we are uh returning a list of

right so we are uh returning a list of web elements right we need a list of web

web elements right we need a list of web elements so here we will be using the

elements so here we will be using the collections concept that is there in the

collections concept that is there in the java

java in which we have the list

that is a java util package and your

and your in list this a tag is what it is

in list this a tag is what it is identifying what it is identifying a web

identifying what it is identifying a web element right so i'll write a web

element right so i'll write a web element

element so this find element is designed to

so this find element is designed to return back a list of web element

return back a list of web element which is what is being assigned to the

which is what is being assigned to the variable

variable link

link okay

okay whose type is of what

whose type is of what list web element

list web element okay so now your uh there's a variable

okay so now your uh there's a variable link so what i'm gonna do is i'm gonna

link so what i'm gonna do is i'm gonna write

write s out

s out and

and link

link dot size now the size method is used to

dot size now the size method is used to find the number of uh elements that is

find the number of uh elements that is present okay number of elements that is

present okay number of elements that is present on the

present on the web page so this command through link

web page so this command through link dot size this method this method is used

dot size this method this method is used to find the number of elements okay

to find the number of elements okay so what i'm going to do is i'm going to

so what i'm going to do is i'm going to save it and

save it and let's run

chrome browser is launched it's maximized

it's maximized it's navigated

it's navigated and

and here you will see there are 20 total 27

here you will see there are 20 total 27 links present on the web page now what i

links present on the web page now what i want is i want the name of these links

want is i want the name of these links so how are we going to do that to print

so how are we going to do that to print those name i'll use the for loop

i'm simply going to write for and here

and here we are inspecting the web element

we are inspecting the web element so i'll write web element

so i'll write web element i'll name it as l and your i'll write

i'll name it as l and your i'll write link

s out and i will write l dot

l dot get

get text

text now the get text method is used to

now the get text method is used to retrieve the or to return the text that

retrieve the or to return the text that is uh

is uh inspecting that we are inspecting over

inspecting that we are inspecting over here we are inspecting the link right so

here we are inspecting the link right so it will get the text

it will get the text of those links that means i want the

of those links that means i want the name of the links that is uh that they

name of the links that is uh that they are identifying over here these 27 links

are identifying over here these 27 links right i want the name of these 27 links

right i want the name of these 27 links i'm adding for loop in which i have

i'm adding for loop in which i have given a web element l because i'm

given a web element l because i'm inspecting a web element that is the

inspecting a web element that is the links i'm inspecting i'm going to very

links i'm inspecting i'm going to very i've stored it in l

i've stored it in l and uh here i'm printing those

and uh here i'm printing those uh links the name of those links okay

uh links the name of those links okay so i'll just click

it's maximized it's navigated to google.com

and here you can see we have the different types of links that is present

different types of links that is present over here

over here okay

okay so through this way we can find the

so through this way we can find the number of uh

number of uh links and we can find the name of the

links and we can find the name of the links that is present that is we can

links that is present that is we can find

find we learnt the get text method and the

we learnt the get text method and the size method over here

size method over here okay

okay creating by css selector

creating by css selector now this css selector this is a type of

now this css selector this is a type of customized locator now before uh

customized locator now before uh studying the css selector we need to

studying the css selector we need to study some css concept

study some css concept so let's have a look at it

so let's have a look at it now for example we have a front

now for example we have a front page.html we have this html file we have

page.html we have this html file we have the html tags and everything and inside

the html tags and everything and inside the body tag we have this div tag okay

the body tag we have this div tag okay now we have written div class is equal

now we have written div class is equal to box i have given the class value as

to box i have given the class value as box okay and then i have given the

box okay and then i have given the uh

text and if like i have given a code inside this div element this div block

inside this div element this div block whatever it might be but the thing is

whatever it might be but the thing is over here is about the class and the id

over here is about the class and the id the difference between the class and the

the difference between the class and the id over here okay so we have this front

id over here okay so we have this front page dot html in which we have the div

page dot html in which we have the div tag inside the div tag we have the class

tag inside the div tag we have the class okay and the value of this class is box

okay and the value of this class is box so

so if i append the style sheet or in this

if i append the style sheet or in this html page so how will i style this class

html page so how will i style this class how will i style this div block

how will i style this div block so i'm going to style through this class

so i'm going to style through this class value that is box now how i'm going to

value that is box now how i'm going to do that to access this class i'm going

do that to access this class i'm going to write uh this

to write uh this dot do you see i'll be accessing it

dot do you see i'll be accessing it through a dot this is a period that is

through a dot this is a period that is used

used while accessing the class value okay

while accessing the class value okay so i'll write dot box and then whatever

so i'll write dot box and then whatever attributes i want to write like color

attributes i want to write like color green red or whatever it is whatever

green red or whatever it is whatever formatting i want to do or whatever

formatting i want to do or whatever style i need to add i'll add between

style i need to add i'll add between these blocks of code okay

these blocks of code okay so this is one concept for class we will

so this is one concept for class we will use a dot

use a dot now let's see for id now here we have

now let's see for id now here we have the front page dot html similar and we

the front page dot html similar and we have the div block in which we have the

have the div block in which we have the div id is equal to box one i have given

div id is equal to box one i have given the id value as box one so if i want to

the id value as box one so if i want to style it what i'm going to do i'm going

style it what i'm going to do i'm going to use the hash symbol over here here

to use the hash symbol over here here you can see i'm using the hash symbol to

you can see i'm using the hash symbol to access this id

access this id i'm going to use the hash symbol that is

i'm going to use the hash symbol that is the hash box one and then whatever our

the hash box one and then whatever our styling i want to perform i will perform

styling i want to perform i will perform between these blocks

between these blocks but the thing that i want you to

but the thing that i want you to understand over here is that for class

understand over here is that for class we are using the uh dot and for id we

we are using the uh dot and for id we are using the

are using the hash okay so this is the css concept we

hash okay so this is the css concept we you need to know what's the css selector

you need to know what's the css selector okay

okay so now uh locating by css selector that

so now uh locating by css selector that is the tag and id

is the tag and id now just assume we have this uh

now just assume we have this uh text box that is the email text box and

text box that is the email text box and this is this html syntax that we are

this is this html syntax that we are having

having now here for tag in id

now here for tag in id your tag what is your tag name your tag

your tag what is your tag name your tag name is this this is your tag name input

name is this this is your tag name input okay and these are your attributes like

okay and these are your attributes like the class id name these are your

the class id name these are your attributes right

attributes right so what you're going to do is like for

so what you're going to do is like for tag and id it is tag name hash id like

tag and id it is tag name hash id like as i said in the previous slide to

as i said in the previous slide to access id we use the hash right so over

access id we use the hash right so over here we'll use tag name hash id

here we'll use tag name hash id so how we're going to write is like

so how we're going to write is like driver dot find element

driver dot find element by dot css selector we'll use css select

by dot css selector we'll use css select over here

over here we'll write tag name first the tag name

we'll write tag name first the tag name is input so we'll write input

is input so we'll write input then we'll write hash

then we'll write hash hash

hash and then we are going to write the id

and then we are going to write the id value because it's tag and id the css

value because it's tag and id the css selector that we are using is tag and id

selector that we are using is tag and id right so we're going to write the id

right so we're going to write the id value that is email okay now this is

value that is email okay now this is case sensitive just write it the same

case sensitive just write it the same way which is it is written over here

way which is it is written over here so we're going to write input

so we're going to write input email dot send keys okay whatever uh

email dot send keys okay whatever uh text you want to send just send it over

text you want to send just send it over here

here so this is how you're going to write the

so this is how you're going to write the css director for tag and id

css director for tag and id now let's see for tag and class okay

now let's see for tag and class okay so here we have the text box email

so here we have the text box email address and we have the syntax over here

address and we have the syntax over here so how we gonna write for tag and class

so how we gonna write for tag and class for class we use the dot operator here

for class we use the dot operator here you can see we use a dot right

you can see we use a dot right so similarly before we were using hash

so similarly before we were using hash here you can see we were using hash for

here you can see we were using hash for id so for here we are using the dot for

id so for here we are using the dot for class

class it's the same thing we're just going to

it's the same thing we're just going to write driver dot find element by dot css

write driver dot find element by dot css selector

selector input dot

input dot that is a tag name your tag name is

that is a tag name your tag name is input

input dot

dot dot

dot class value the value of your class is

class value the value of your class is control right so i have written control

control right so i have written control over here dot send keys at the right abc

over here dot send keys at the right abc gmail.com whatever text you want to send

gmail.com whatever text you want to send over here

over here okay next we have the tag and attribute

okay next we have the tag and attribute okay so how we're going to work with tag

okay so how we're going to work with tag in attribute is tag name then we have

in attribute is tag name then we have the attribute name is equal to attribute

the attribute name is equal to attribute value now we can use any of the

value now we can use any of the attribute that we want

attribute that we want like over here we can use the

like over here we can use the driver.find element by.css selector

driver.find element by.css selector input

input name like here i can use id i can use

name like here i can use id i can use name i can use class anything i can use

name i can use class anything i can use so i'm using name name is equal to from

so i'm using name name is equal to from that is the attribute name is name my

that is the attribute name is name my attribute value is from here you can see

attribute value is from here you can see and my tag name is input

and my tag name is input okay

okay my next css locator is tag and class and

my next css locator is tag and class and attribute

attribute so how am i going to do that

so how am i going to do that simply i just have this text box that is

simply i just have this text box that is the email address and i have the syntax

the email address and i have the syntax over here

over here so what i'm going to do is uh over here

so what i'm going to do is uh over here for tag name

for tag name it's tag and class and attribute right

it's tag and class and attribute right so for tag name we'll first insert our

so for tag name we'll first insert our tag name that is the input

tag name that is the input then we have the uh class we want to uh

then we have the uh class we want to uh write the class for that we need to use

write the class for that we need to use the dot operator here we are using the

the dot operator here we are using the dot over here dot

dot over here dot the class value that we have is control

the class value that we have is control over here it's control then the

over here it's control then the attribute name now here i'm using id you

attribute name now here i'm using id you can use any of the attribute so i'm

can use any of the attribute so i'm using id is equal to email dot send keys

using id is equal to email dot send keys abc at the rate gmail.com

abc at the rate gmail.com okay so i hope it's clear for you

okay so i hope it's clear for you the css selector now see css selector is

the css selector now see css selector is not mostly used by the automation tester

not mostly used by the automation tester they don't use this css selector a lot

they don't use this css selector a lot instead of css selector they use the

instead of css selector they use the xpath

xpath see the frequently used locators are the

see the frequently used locators are the id

id the name

the name and for links we use the link text and

and for links we use the link text and the xpath the expert is used

the xpath the expert is used used frequently by all the automation

used frequently by all the automation testers because it is one of the most

testers because it is one of the most precise form to use the locator and it's

precise form to use the locator and it's it's tough to understand but uh once you

it's tough to understand but uh once you understand it it's very easy to use okay

understand it it's very easy to use okay because we have a crow path plug-in to

because we have a crow path plug-in to use that we will use that plug-in to uh

use that we will use that plug-in to uh find our x-path

okay next the one of the most important interview question that you will face is

interview question that you will face is that what is difference between the find

that what is difference between the find element and the find elements

element and the find elements okay

okay now uh we found this find element and

now uh we found this find element and find elements in tag name in tag name i

find elements in tag name in tag name i wrote a program in which i used find

wrote a program in which i used find elements because i wanted to find the

elements because i wanted to find the number of links on a web page right i

number of links on a web page right i wanted to find multiple web element on a

wanted to find multiple web element on a web page

web page so that's the

so that's the method used to find multiple element on

method used to find multiple element on a web page we use the find elements

a web page we use the find elements that's where i use file elements right

that's where i use file elements right so the first difference is that find

so the first difference is that find element

element this method is used to access a single

this method is used to access a single web element on a web page we will use to

web element on a web page we will use to access single element on the web page

access single element on the web page till now we were accessing find element

till now we were accessing find element because we wanted to access only one web

because we wanted to access only one web element that is the

element that is the text box or some other box that is the

text box or some other box that is the email box so we have to access only one

email box so we have to access only one web element so that is the reason why

web element so that is the reason why we're using find element

we're using find element whereas in find elements this method is

whereas in find elements this method is used to access multiple web element on a

used to access multiple web element on a web page in our case we were finding

web page in our case we were finding multiple angular tags the anchor tags

multiple angular tags the anchor tags that is the a tag that is used on our

that is the a tag that is used on our web page we were finding the number of

web page we were finding the number of links in our web page

links in our web page okay

okay next in find element when the element is

next in find element when the element is not found it throws an exception

not found it throws an exception see whenever the element is not found in

see whenever the element is not found in find element it will throw an exception

find element it will throw an exception such as no such element is found okay

such as no such element is found okay whereas in find elements when the

whereas in find elements when the element is not found it returns an empty

element is not found it returns an empty list it will return some empty list okay

list it will return some empty list okay next the final element it will find only

next the final element it will find only one web element whereas the find

one web element whereas the find elements will find the list of elements

elements will find the list of elements which matches the same locator like if

which matches the same locator like if we have uh written a as a tag name

we have uh written a as a tag name written over here

written over here in fine and we find the number of

in fine and we find the number of a tags so it will return the list of

a tags so it will return the list of elements that is the list of elements

elements that is the list of elements will be returned as i have shown in the

will be returned as i have shown in the program let me show you the program

program let me show you the program um

um here it is

here you can see it is returning the list of web elements that is it is

list of web elements that is it is returning the list of links

returning the list of links so the find elements

so the find elements the find elements will find the list of

the find elements will find the list of elements which matches the locator

elements which matches the locator now let me explain you when the element

now let me explain you when the element is not found

is not found like here you can see when the element

like here you can see when the element is not found it throws an exception no

is not found it throws an exception no such element found right so we're going

such element found right so we're going to do that i'll show that i'll implement

to do that i'll show that i'll implement that for you

that for you for example suppose um

okay and suppose

and suppose this by name okay

this by name okay i'm

i'm just writing search

just writing something so that you don't find the element i'm using the fine

find the element i'm using the fine element method over here

element method over here see what i'm trying to do is i am trying

see what i'm trying to do is i am trying to prove you this statement that when

to prove you this statement that when the element is not found it will throw

the element is not found it will throw an exception no such element found i'm

an exception no such element found i'm trying to prove this statement

trying to prove this statement just check it out

okay so i have changed the value over here now let's see

so let's see see here you can see no such element

see here you can see no such element exception no such element unable to

exception no such element unable to locate element here you can see

locate element here you can see we have got an error over here here you

we have got an error over here here you can see name is equal to search

can see name is equal to search underscore q u

underscore q u unable to locate element that's what i

unable to locate element that's what i try i said right

try i said right for a fine element when you're using

for a fine element when you're using find element and the element is not

find element and the element is not found you will get an exception that no

found you will get an exception that no such element found or unable to locate

such element found or unable to locate the element whereas in fine elements we

the element whereas in fine elements we will return an empty list now let's try

will return an empty list now let's try to do

to do this one

we use the find elements method here right find elements now let me change

right find elements now let me change the tag to

the tag to suppose i'm changing to ar okay

suppose i'm changing to ar okay this is what the tag i'm changing and

this is what the tag i'm changing and i'll just comment

i'll just comment this for

this for time being

let's navigate it here you can see are we getting any

here you can see are we getting any list of array it's just simply zero

list of array it's just simply zero number of uh

we didn't find any tag name a r over here so it just returned zero so that's

here so it just returned zero so that's what it said that it won't give any uh

what it said that it won't give any uh error or something it will just return

error or something it will just return an empty list it will just return like

an empty list it will just return like if the element is not for it will return

if the element is not for it will return an empty list over here it returns zero

an empty list over here it returns zero so there is no uh tag name name f a r

so there is no uh tag name name f a r so this is what is the difference

so this is what is the difference between find element and fine elements

between find element and fine elements this is one of the interview question

this is one of the interview question which is asked in selenium and it is one

which is asked in selenium and it is one also one of the most important question

also one of the most important question that is asked

that is asked so this is all for today in the next

so this is all for today in the next tutorial we will learn what is xpath and

tutorial we will learn what is xpath and we will execute we will practically

we will execute we will practically implement that we will also download the

implement that we will also download the crow path

crow path plugin that we used for uh

plugin that we used for uh xpath

xpath hello everyone my name is varsha and

hello everyone my name is varsha and welcome to programming knowledge

welcome to programming knowledge so in today's tutorial we are going to

so in today's tutorial we are going to create test cases and we're going to

create test cases and we're going to execute them

execute them but before that let us understand what

but before that let us understand what we did in the previous tutorial so in

we did in the previous tutorial so in the previous tutorial we learned what

the previous tutorial we learned what are the web elements what are the

are the web elements what are the different types of web elements and one

different types of web elements and one of the most important concept that we

of the most important concept that we learnt in the previous tutorial was the

learnt in the previous tutorial was the locators now the locators are the way to

locators now the locators are the way to identify a web element on a web page and

identify a web element on a web page and we discuss the different types of

we discuss the different types of locators like the id name

locators like the id name tag name class name the link text and

tag name class name the link text and the partial link text and also we

the partial link text and also we discussed about the css selector in the

discussed about the css selector in the previous tutorial

previous tutorial so uh the id name and the class name are

so uh the id name and the class name are the attributes that is used in the html

the attributes that is used in the html through which we can identify the web

through which we can identify the web element

element whereas the link text and the tag name

whereas the link text and the tag name these two are used uh first of all the

these two are used uh first of all the link text is basically used to click a

link text is basically used to click a link on a particular web page if you

link on a particular web page if you want to click on some link we use the

want to click on some link we use the link text whereas the tag name is used

link text whereas the tag name is used to retrieve multiple elements on a

to retrieve multiple elements on a webpage like for example i want to know

webpage like for example i want to know the number of links present on the

the number of links present on the particular page so i'm going to inspect

particular page so i'm going to inspect the tag name that is the anchor tag that

the tag name that is the anchor tag that is the a tag and i'm going to count how

is the a tag and i'm going to count how many a tags are present on that web page

many a tags are present on that web page to which i will uh retrieve multiple

to which i will uh retrieve multiple elements so that is uh that

elements so that is uh that for the so for that we are using tag

for the so for that we are using tag name whereas the css selector we use the

name whereas the css selector we use the tag in id we have the tag in class we

tag in id we have the tag in class we have tag and attribute we have tag class

have tag and attribute we have tag class and attribute so these are the different

and attribute so these are the different types of css selector also we understood

types of css selector also we understood in the previous tutorial so these were

in the previous tutorial so these were the some of the concepts that we learnt

the some of the concepts that we learnt in the previous tutorial now in this

in the previous tutorial now in this tutorial we are going to create test

tutorial we are going to create test cases and we are going to execute it

cases and we are going to execute it what i'm going to do is i'm going to

what i'm going to do is i'm going to create a test case in which we're going

create a test case in which we're going to open the chrome browser

to open the chrome browser i'm going to navigate to this url

i'm going to navigate to this url this page that you're seeing right i'm

this page that you're seeing right i'm going to navigate to this url i'm going

going to navigate to this url i'm going to enter the valid username and password

to enter the valid username and password and click on login button

and click on login button next i'm going to verify the title of

next i'm going to verify the title of the page that is the orange hrm and i'm

the page that is the orange hrm and i'm also going to verify the url that is

also going to verify the url that is specified over here

specified over here see the main intention behind this

see the main intention behind this tutorial

tutorial is that we're going to learn different

is that we're going to learn different types of commands in this also we are

types of commands in this also we are going to learn how to verify an element

going to learn how to verify an element like in manual testing we use the

like in manual testing we use the expected result and the actual result

expected result and the actual result and the status column is present right

and the status column is present right in which you have to match the results

in which you have to match the results and pass the status that it is fail or

and pass the status that it is fail or passed

passed so over here also we are going to verify

so over here also we are going to verify some elements like i am going to verify

some elements like i am going to verify the title of the page we are going to

the title of the page we are going to verify the

verify the url of the page so these are some of the

url of the page so these are some of the elements that we are going to verify

elements that we are going to verify today before that let us understand some

today before that let us understand some of the commands that we use in the

of the commands that we use in the previous tutorial let's understand that

previous tutorial let's understand that let's revise that the first command that

let's revise that the first command that we used was the form command that is the

we used was the form command that is the send keys command

send keys command here you can see the send keys command

here you can see the send keys command which is used to send a particular

which is used to send a particular text to the particular element right

text to the particular element right then we use the click command which is

then we use the click command which is used to click an element

used to click an element then we use the get command which is

then we use the get command which is used to navigate to the url

used to navigate to the url next we use the get text command which

next we use the get text command which is used to retry specific elements text

is used to retry specific elements text if you remember that

if you remember that we were using uh

we were using uh we were counting the number of links in

we were counting the number of links in a page right so in that i wanted to know

a page right so in that i wanted to know the name of those links so we use the

the name of those links so we use the get text command

get text command next we learnt about the size command

next we learnt about the size command the size command is used to get the

the size command is used to get the number of elements in the list

number of elements in the list now uh if you remember

now uh if you remember while

while while counting the number of links we we

while counting the number of links we we use the size command to know how many

use the size command to know how many links are present on the web page

links are present on the web page next we use the

next we use the driver.manage.window.maximize command

driver.manage.window.maximize command which is used to maximize the window

which is used to maximize the window next we use the system dot set property

next we use the system dot set property as you know it is the very first line

as you know it is the very first line on in our

on in our program so which is used to set a value

program so which is used to set a value and a key the key is like the

and a key the key is like the webdriver.chrome.driver and the value is

webdriver.chrome.driver and the value is the path of your executable file

the path of your executable file okay so these were the commands that we

okay so these were the commands that we learned in the previous tutorial so now

learned in the previous tutorial so now here i have prepared some of the test

here i have prepared some of the test cases first is open the chrome browser

cases first is open the chrome browser we will navigate to the url enter the

we will navigate to the url enter the valid username enter the valid password

valid username enter the valid password next we will click on login button then

next we will click on login button then we are going to verify the url and then

we are going to verify the url and then we are going to verify the title and

we are going to verify the title and then we will close the browser

then we will close the browser so these are the some of the steps that

so these are the some of the steps that we are going to perform today so let's

we are going to perform today so let's get started

get started now open your intelligent idea id

now open your intelligent idea id i'm going to create a new

i'm going to create a new class over here

class over here in my project

in my project okay so now i have created a new class i

okay so now i have created a new class i have named it as selenium tutorials file

have named it as selenium tutorials file and i have opened my chrome browser

and i have opened my chrome browser these are the two commands that i've

these are the two commands that i've used that is the system.set property

used that is the system.set property next i have used the web driver driver

next i have used the web driver driver is equal to new chrome driver

is equal to new chrome driver next i have navigated to the url this is

next i have navigated to the url this is the url and i have maximized the window

the url and i have maximized the window these are the commands that we have been

these are the commands that we have been learning in the previous tutorial also

learning in the previous tutorial also so now what i want is i want to uh enter

so now what i want is i want to uh enter valid username and valid password over

valid username and valid password over here so i'm going to simply click on

here so i'm going to simply click on this element and click on inspect

this element and click on inspect here you can see there are different

here you can see there are different attributes used so i'll use the id

attributes used so i'll use the id attribute first

so i'm gonna write driver dot

dot find element

find element by dot id

by dot id i'm going to enter the value that is

i'm going to enter the value that is there this is case sensitive so enter

there this is case sensitive so enter the same value

the same value and what i want to do is i want to send

and what i want to do is i want to send some value to it right

some value to it right so i'm going to write send keys and i'm

so i'm going to write send keys and i'm going to enter the valid username here

going to enter the valid username here you can see the username and the

you can see the username and the password is given this is a demo website

password is given this is a demo website which is normally used for automation so

which is normally used for automation so you can also use this and you can

you can also use this and you can automate this

automate this website so the username here uses admin

website so the username here uses admin so i'm going to copy this

so i'm going to copy this i'm going to paste it away

so here i've entered a valid username now i'm going to enter the valid

now i'm going to enter the valid password

so for that i'm going to write driver again

i'm going to write by dot i'll use name

here you can see this name attribute i'm going to copy this

going to copy this paste it over here

paste it over here i'm going to send some information to it

the password is given over yours so i'll just simply copy this password

and i'll paste it over here so here we have entered the valid

so here we have entered the valid username and valid password

username and valid password so i have entered the valid username and

so i have entered the valid username and password next i have to click on login

password next i have to click on login button

button so

so i'm going to inspect this login button i'll simply click on inspect

button i'll simply click on inspect and here you can see we have the name

and here you can see we have the name class id

class id so i'll use the id

i'll use driver dot find element

by dot id now enter the value and what i want

id now enter the value and what i want to do is i want to click this right so

to do is i want to click this right so i'll write right click

i'll write right click okay so now let's run this

my chrome browser browser is launched successfully

successfully it's navigated

okay there is some problem to it

[Music] okay here you can see i have given some

okay here you can see i have given some space so there is no space and password

it's launched it's navigated and my admin and password okay it's

admin and password okay it's login successfully

okay so now what i want is that i want to verify the title of the page and i

to verify the title of the page and i want to verify the

want to verify the url that is present over here

url that is present over here okay so let's verify that

so first we will verify the url let's verify the url

verify the url now for that we're going to use the get

now for that we're going to use the get current url

current url this is the command that we're going to

this is the command that we're going to use to verify the url now this command

use to verify the url now this command returns the current url of the web page

returns the current url of the web page okay

okay so let's see

so let's see what we're going to do is we're going to

what we're going to do is we're going to write

write driver dot

driver dot get

get current url

current url okay

okay and we're going to store this in a

and we're going to store this in a variable we're going to store this in a

variable we're going to store this in a string type variable

let me write the actual url

okay so we are storing in a string type variable i have named it a variable as

variable i have named it a variable as actual url and i have written string

actual url and i have written string actual url is equal to driver dot get

actual url is equal to driver dot get current url okay

current url okay now let me print this

let's see the actual url of this webpage and then we will verify it first

and then we will verify it first so let's run

my chrome browser is launched it's

it's navigated

navigated and the username and password has

and the username and password has entered its login successfully

and here it is this is my current url that i'm getting

this is my current url that i'm getting okay

okay now i am on this page i'm on the

now i am on this page i'm on the dashboard page so that is the reason why

dashboard page so that is the reason why i'm getting this url

i'm getting this url the current url retrieves the url of the

the current url retrieves the url of the current page okay your your on which

current page okay your your on which page on that page the url will be

page on that page the url will be retrieved

retrieved so here we have printed the url now

so here we have printed the url now let's verify it

let's verify it so now i have to verify it right how how

so now i have to verify it right how how am i going to do that

am i going to do that now

now i have already created a string variable

i have already created a string variable that is the actual url in which i have

that is the actual url in which i have got the current url of the web page

got the current url of the web page now what i am going to do is i am going

now what i am going to do is i am going to create another variable of the string

to create another variable of the string type in which i will store the desired

type in which i will store the desired url

url and i'm going to match both these url

and i'm going to match both these url okay so this is what we're going to do

okay so this is what we're going to do it so first we will create a string type

it so first we will create a string type variable and i'm write it i'm going to

variable and i'm write it i'm going to write it as

write it as desired

desired let's go url

let's go url and i will

and i will paste this url that i am getting

okay next

next i'm going to match this actual url and

i'm going to match this actual url and desired url

desired url for that i'll be using the if command

simply i'll write the actual url dot equals

now if they are equal what i'm going to print is i'm going to print

pass and if they're not

and if they're not then i'm going to print

okay so let's see

so let's see let's run this command

it's navigated okay i've entered the valid

navigated okay i've entered the valid username and password and it's

username and password and it's successfully logging

successfully logging and here it is

and here it is i have got the

i have got the actual url is also retrieved by the

actual url is also retrieved by the current get current url command and also

current get current url command and also the actual url and the desired url

the actual url and the desired url both are matching so the uh output is

both are matching so the uh output is passed now what if i change this url if

passed now what if i change this url if i write

i write rn.com so now let's run this command

rn.com so now let's run this command now you see the output will be fail

browser is maximized valid username and password is entered and

password is entered and here it is on the dashboard page

here it is on the dashboard page now let's see see

now let's see see here you can see the output it's failing

here you can see the output it's failing why it's fail because i have changed the

why it's fail because i have changed the desired url the desired url that i want

desired url the desired url that i want is the open source demo orange

is the open source demo orange hrmlife.com and the actual url that i'm

hrmlife.com and the actual url that i'm getting is this

getting is this okay so that is the reason why it's fair

okay so that is the reason why it's fair so this is how you can verify the url of

so this is how you can verify the url of a web page

a web page next let's

next let's verify the title of the page

verify the title of the page okay

okay similarly if you're going to verify the

similarly if you're going to verify the title of the page the same way for that

title of the page the same way for that the command that we will use is the

the command that we will use is the get title command

okay so what you're going to do is we're

so what you're going to do is we're going to simply write string

actual title that will be driver dot

that will be driver dot get title

get title okay

okay next

next let's print this title

i'm going to write actual title [Music]

[Music] and let's see

my chrome browser is launched it's navigated

valid username password is entered it's login

so this is the title that i got the first one is the i got the current url

first one is the i got the current url then the test case that i have verified

then the test case that i have verified is par is failed because i have written

is par is failed because i have written the desired url that i want is this and

the desired url that i want is this and the actual url that i'm getting is this

the actual url that i'm getting is this the next one is that i'm printing the

the next one is that i'm printing the title of the page that is the orange hrm

title of the page that is the orange hrm now how do we get the title simply just

now how do we get the title simply just inspect this page

and here in the head tag you can see the title here you can see it's orange hrm

title here you can see it's orange hrm so this is the title of the page okay so

so this is the title of the page okay so this is this is the desired title that

this is this is the desired title that you want

you want okay

okay so what you're going to do is

so what you're going to do is similarly we're going to write string

desired title

title that we want is the

that we want is the orange hrm this title that we want is

orange hrm this title that we want is we're going to match this

we're going to match this we're going to simply place it over here

now we will verify it you will verify with the if command i'm

you will verify with the if command i'm going to write if

going to write if the actual title dot equals

the actual title dot equals and we're going to write the desired

and we're going to write the desired title

and here we're going to write if my

write if my if my test case is passed

if my test case is passed then i'll write

then i'll write pass

pass and if it's not if it's not matching

and if it's not if it's not matching then

then i'm going to write

okay so now let's run

okay now i've launched its login and we have login successfully

and we have login successfully let's see

let's see now here we can see the current url my

now here we can see the current url my test case is passed

test case is passed next i can see the title of the page

next i can see the title of the page that is the orange hrm and the desired

that is the orange hrm and the desired title and the title that i'm getting

title and the title that i'm getting the actual title they both are matching

the actual title they both are matching so the test case is passed what if what

so the test case is passed what if what if i change this desired title

if i change this desired title and now let's see

okay my chrome browser is launched it's navigated

and here you can see it's failing okay

okay so we have verified our title we have

so we have verified our title we have verified our url the next command that

verified our url the next command that we're going to use is

we're going to use is the

the driver dot

driver dot close

so this command is used to close the browser

so let's run this again

run this again [Music]

we have opened a chrome browser it's launched

launched it's navigated

it's navigated it's maximized and

log in successfully and here it says it's pass our

it's pass our the current url is retrieved the test

the current url is retrieved the test cases of verifying the url is pass

cases of verifying the url is pass next the

next the actual title of the web page is

actual title of the web page is retrieved and the test cases fail

retrieved and the test cases fail because i have

because i have written only orange hr so let's change

written only orange hr so let's change it and save it and let's run it again

my chrome browser is launched it's navigated

it's maximized the valid pass username password is entered and here it is okay

password is entered and here it is okay and it's closed also

so this is the current url the test case of verifying the url is

the test case of verifying the url is passed this is the current title

passed this is the current title and the test case for verifying the

and the test case for verifying the title is passed

title is passed so this is how you can verify the url

so this is how you can verify the url and the title

and the title these are the different commands and the

these are the different commands and the different commands that we learned today

different commands that we learned today is one is the get current url then we

is one is the get current url then we learnt the get title

learnt the get title also and we learned how to verify the

also and we learned how to verify the commands okay so this is what we learned

commands okay so this is what we learned today we executed this test case we

today we executed this test case we opened the chrome browser we navigated

opened the chrome browser we navigated to the url we entered the valid username

to the url we entered the valid username the valid password we clicked on login

the valid password we clicked on login we

we verified the url we verified the title

verified the url we verified the title of the web page next we close the

of the web page next we close the browser so we executed these test cases

browser so we executed these test cases by executing these test cases we learned

by executing these test cases we learned how to verify the title we learned how

how to verify the title we learned how to verify the

to verify the url also we learned different commands

url also we learned different commands we learnt like the get title command and

we learnt like the get title command and the get current

the get current url command okay so there is also one

url command okay so there is also one more command that i want to explain you

more command that i want to explain you is the get paid source command which is

is the get paid source command which is usually used to get the page source that

usually used to get the page source that is the source code of the page that we

is the source code of the page that we are on

are on so these are some of the get commands

so these are some of the get commands that i'm explaining you these are

that i'm explaining you these are frequently used by the automation

frequently used by the automation testers

testers so uh we're going to write the driver

so uh we're going to write the driver dot

dot get page source

get page source and we're going to store this in an

and we're going to store this in an element

element sorry we're going to store this in a

sorry we're going to store this in a string type variable

i'm going to write the page source that is ps

is ps and we're going to simply print it

so my chrome browser is launched this navigated and

navigated and okay so here you can see that my source

okay so here you can see that my source code that is the page source code is

code that is the page source code is visible over here

visible over here this is the source code that i have got

this is the source code that i have got okay

okay so this is also one of the command which

so this is also one of the command which is used that is the get page source

is used that is the get page source this is used to get the source code of

this is used to get the source code of the page that we are navigated to

the page that we are navigated to so in this tutorial we learned the three

so in this tutorial we learned the three commands that is the get paid source we

commands that is the get paid source we learned the get title and we learned to

learned the get title and we learned to get current url

get current url okay

okay so in the get source we learned that we

so in the get source we learned that we uh through get page source we can get

uh through get page source we can get the page source we can get the source

the page source we can get the source code of the page next we learn through

code of the page next we learn through get title command we learned how to get

get title command we learned how to get the title of the web page next we

the title of the web page next we learned the get current url which is

learned the get current url which is used to get the current url of the page

used to get the current url of the page so these were the three uh get commands

so these were the three uh get commands that we learned in the today's tutorial

that we learned in the today's tutorial so in the next tutorial we are going to

so in the next tutorial we are going to learn about uh the xpath we are going to

learn about uh the xpath we are going to use the group plugin the crowpart plugin

use the group plugin the crowpart plugin for the chrome browser

for the chrome browser and through that chrome brow crop path

and through that chrome brow crop path plugin we are going to uh retrieve our x

plugin we are going to uh retrieve our x part

part so we're going to study what are the

so we're going to study what are the different types of xpath also

different types of xpath also so in this tutorial you will understand

so in this tutorial you will understand about the xpath

about the xpath you will understand what is xpath how to

you will understand what is xpath how to locate the element using the xpath

locate the element using the xpath we will also understand about the crow

we will also understand about the crow path plugin the types of xpath what are

path plugin the types of xpath what are their syntax

their syntax then we will understand the difference

then we will understand the difference between the absolute and the relative x

between the absolute and the relative x path and out of the absolute and

path and out of the absolute and relative x path which one is preferred

relative x path which one is preferred and why

and why so let's get started

first let us understand what is x path now as i said it is a part of a locator

now as i said it is a part of a locator here you can see this chart right we

here you can see this chart right we have the different types of locators as

have the different types of locators as i discussed in the previous tutorial i

i discussed in the previous tutorial i discussed about the id name link text

discussed about the id name link text the partial linked text the tag name the

the partial linked text the tag name the class name and then the css selector

class name and then the css selector we are left with xpath now there are

we are left with xpath now there are different types of xpath like the

different types of xpath like the relative expert and the absolute xpath

relative expert and the absolute xpath and it comes under the customized

and it comes under the customized locators

locators as i discussed in the previous tutorial

as i discussed in the previous tutorial locators are the way to find an html

locators are the way to find an html element on a web page

element on a web page expert is used when we don't have the id

expert is used when we don't have the id the name the tag name locators present

the name the tag name locators present in the html that is when we use xpath

in the html that is when we use xpath like here you can see in selenium

like here you can see in selenium automation if the elements are not found

automation if the elements are not found by the general locators like the id

by the general locators like the id class name

class name or the link text the partial link text

or the link text the partial link text the tag name etc

the tag name etc then the xpath is used to find an

then the xpath is used to find an element on the web page

element on the web page xpath is also defined as the xml path

xpath is also defined as the xml path the shortcut the short name of xpath is

the shortcut the short name of xpath is the xml path

the xml path now xpath is basically a syntax or a

now xpath is basically a syntax or a language for finding any element on the

language for finding any element on the web page using the xml path expression

web page using the xml path expression as i said xml path is defined as the xml

as i said xml path is defined as the xml path right

path right to find any element we use the xml path

to find any element we use the xml path expression now this x path

expression now this x path is the address of element using the html

is the address of element using the html dom structure by using the html dom

dom structure by using the html dom structure we will find the xml path

structure we will find the xml path expression now what is this html dome

expression now what is this html dome structure

structure now here you can see we have the normal

now here you can see we have the normal html code that we write usually we have

html code that we write usually we have the html head title body and we close

the html head title body and we close the html tag this is the normal html

the html tag this is the normal html code that we usually write

code that we usually write but when a web page is loaded the

but when a web page is loaded the browser automatically creates a dom

browser automatically creates a dom structure that is the document object

structure that is the document object model

model here you can see this is the dom model

here you can see this is the dom model like we have the document we have the

like we have the document we have the html tag oh that is the root element

html tag oh that is the root element then we have the head we have the title

then we have the head we have the title we have the body under body we have the

we have the body under body we have the different types of elements so this is

different types of elements so this is the dom model that is the dom structure

the dom model that is the dom structure why it is called as a dom structure

why it is called as a dom structure because

because the browser automatically creates a dom

the browser automatically creates a dom structure that is the nodes that is a

structure that is the nodes that is a different nodes are created

different nodes are created automatically over here you can see we

automatically over here you can see we have the html head title is just simply

have the html head title is just simply written over here but over here we have

written over here but over here we have the nodes there are nodes present over

the nodes there are nodes present over here so that is the reason why it is

here so that is the reason why it is called the html dom structure and it is

called the html dom structure and it is created automatically by the browser

created automatically by the browser dom is basically an api interface that

dom is basically an api interface that is provided by the browser

is provided by the browser now see if we go detailing into the dom

now see if we go detailing into the dom structure it's a very huge concept but

structure it's a very huge concept but for now to understand that the x path

for now to understand that the x path the xml expression that we will derive

the xml expression that we will derive we will derive from the html dom

we will derive from the html dom structure you know this structure that

structure you know this structure that we have we will derive from this

we have we will derive from this for example

for example so this is the web page now if i want to

so this is the web page now if i want to uh inspect any of the element i'll

uh inspect any of the element i'll quickly i simply click on inspect and

quickly i simply click on inspect and here you see

here you see this is the dom structure of a web page

this is the dom structure of a web page like we have the html head body the html

like we have the html head body the html tag is closed inside head we have

tag is closed inside head we have different types of meta property we have

different types of meta property we have the style we have the script so all

the style we have the script so all these are the

these are the so all these are in the form of the

so all these are in the form of the html dom structure

html dom structure okay

so when a web page is loaded the browser automatically creates this dom object

automatically creates this dom object and

and this dom is an api interface that is

this dom is an api interface that is provided by the browser

provided by the browser okay

okay next let us see how can we capture the x

next let us see how can we capture the x path

now this is the page that we want to inspect now suppose this is the email

inspect now suppose this is the email address uh

address uh field we have and we want to inspect

field we have and we want to inspect this element

this element so i'll simply click on inspect and here

so i'll simply click on inspect and here you can see this text box is highlighted

you can see this text box is highlighted right

right now i'm i want to capture the x path of

now i'm i want to capture the x path of this text box how am i going to do that

this text box how am i going to do that i will uh

i will uh simply

simply this syntax i will simply right click

this syntax i will simply right click over here

over here go to copy and i will click on copy full

go to copy and i will click on copy full xpath see here i have two options i have

xpath see here i have two options i have copy xpath and i have copy full xpath so

copy xpath and i have copy full xpath so i will use copy full expert there is a

i will use copy full expert there is a difference between the two you will

difference between the two you will understand that later

understand that later but for now let's

but for now let's click on copy full expat

click on copy full expat paste it over here

paste it over here okay

okay so here you see

so here you see this is the complete xpath that we are

this is the complete xpath that we are having

having for this field that is the email address

for this field that is the email address how is it

how is it first we have the html then we have the

first we have the html then we have the body then we have the different div tags

body then we have the different div tags that we have over here and the last we

that we have over here and the last we have the input because we want to access

have the input because we want to access this element we have the input tag over

this element we have the input tag over here

here now here you can see these numbers one

now here you can see these numbers one two one

two one these are the index numbers that is

these are the index numbers that is present over here

present over here okay these are the index number that is

okay these are the index number that is given away that is the first element of

given away that is the first element of div under the first element of div i am

div under the first element of div i am selecting the second div under the

selecting the second div under the second div i'm selecting the first dev

second div i'm selecting the first dev as you can see there are different divs

as you can see there are different divs over here

over here so uh through these uh acts by accessing

so uh through these uh acts by accessing these divs i have reached to input tag

these divs i have reached to input tag and over here i'm accessing the email

and over here i'm accessing the email address that is this field

address that is this field okay so this is how we can access uh

okay so this is how we can access uh so this is the first method of accessing

so this is the first method of accessing the xpath the second method that we have

the xpath the second method that we have is the pro path plugin

okay so what we'll do is uh we'll simply go to google and type

go to google and type crow path plugin

crow path plugin the very first link that we have i'll

the very first link that we have i'll give the link in the description box

give the link in the description box just simply click add to chrome

and it is added okay

okay now here you can see

now here you can see there is no option away of crow path but

there is no option away of crow path but now uh let me refresh this page i'll

now uh let me refresh this page i'll just close this browser

and here you can see we have the option crow path

crow path because we have added the extension to

because we have added the extension to the chrome browser so we can see this

the chrome browser so we can see this option crow path

option crow path okay now i inspected this element

okay now i inspected this element this element i have inspected so let's

this element i have inspected so let's see the crow path

see the crow path and here it is

and here it is so here you can see this crow path right

so here you can see this crow path right uh we have the relative x path now as i

uh we have the relative x path now as i said the x path are of two types that is

said the x path are of two types that is the relative x path and the absolute x

the relative x path and the absolute x path

path then the css selector we have the hash

then the css selector we have the hash id the hash is used for uh

id the hash is used for uh id write

id write sorry the css directory that we have is

sorry the css directory that we have is the hash email now hash is used when we

the hash email now hash is used when we are accessing the id over here the id

are accessing the id over here the id that we have is email or if you can see

that we have is email or if you can see it's emailed

here it is it's email okay next the absolute expire this is the

next the absolute expire this is the absolute x bar that we are having

absolute x bar that we are having and the tag name that we are using that

and the tag name that we are using that is the input

is the input here you can see

here you can see the crow path is basically used to find

the crow path is basically used to find the x path of any element

the x path of any element and it is mostly used because it is used

and it is mostly used because it is used to find the element move more precisely

to find the element move more precisely like suppose if i will copy this

like suppose if i will copy this and here you can see the difference

and here you can see the difference this x path is different from this x

this x path is different from this x path why because we are indicating index

path why because we are indicating index number for each and every div that we

number for each and every div that we have here you can see there is no index

have here you can see there is no index number for this three divs but over here

number for this three divs but over here we have the index number given over here

we have the index number given over here why

why because uh

because uh crow path plugin is used to find the

crow path plugin is used to find the element more accurately okay

element more accurately okay that is the reason why we use crow path

that is the reason why we use crow path plugin there were previous plugins also

plugin there were previous plugins also that were used that is the firebug

that were used that is the firebug plugin the firepath plugin but they are

plugin the firepath plugin but they are outdated mostly crow path plugin is used

outdated mostly crow path plugin is used by the companies

by the companies and

and and the second most reason is that here

and the second most reason is that here you can see we have the relative x bar

you can see we have the relative x bar the css selector that it is selecting

the css selector that it is selecting the tag name that it is using so all

the tag name that it is using so all these things are present over here it is

these things are present over here it is showing these things so whereas over

showing these things so whereas over here if we you can just simply copy

here if we you can just simply copy full xpath and that's the option over

full xpath and that's the option over here so that is the reason why we use

here so that is the reason why we use the crow path plugin

the crow path plugin okay

okay now this is one thing

now this is one thing so the next thing that i want to explain

so the next thing that i want to explain is that suppose you have any of a

is that suppose you have any of a expert suppose this is the expert that

expert suppose this is the expert that you have and you want to find the x bar

you have and you want to find the x bar this x part is of which element so what

this x part is of which element so what you're going to do is i'll simply copy

you're going to do is i'll simply copy this

this i will click on this source code control

i will click on this source code control f here you can see find by string

f here you can see find by string selector or xpath

selector or xpath i will place my xpath over here and here

i will place my xpath over here and here you can see

you can see here it is

here it is i'm placing my password field over here

i'm placing my password field over here this x path indicates the password field

this x path indicates the password field that i have so this is how also you can

that i have so this is how also you can find the element through the x path

find the element through the x path and by using crow path you are finding

and by using crow path you are finding the x path that is the absolute x bar

the x path that is the absolute x bar and the relative x path as well okay

and the relative x path as well okay okay so

okay so now you have got an idea of how to

now you have got an idea of how to capture the x-path this is a small

capture the x-path this is a small example of it which is very easier form

example of it which is very easier form now suppose this is the html syntax that

now suppose this is the html syntax that i have for the username password and

i have for the username password and login button now if i want to access my

login button now if i want to access my login button through xpath

login button through xpath if i want to click on this login button

if i want to click on this login button through my x bar

through my x bar so how am i going to uh capture the x

so how am i going to uh capture the x path of this login button

path of this login button the very first thing that we have is the

the very first thing that we have is the forward slash

forward slash this forward slash is very important it

this forward slash is very important it is used to access the element okay

is used to access the element okay forward slash and then first i'm

forward slash and then first i'm accessing the html

accessing the html again a forward slash then i'm accessing

again a forward slash then i'm accessing the body tag

the body tag again a forward slash then i'm accessing

again a forward slash then i'm accessing the form tag

the form tag again a forward slash and then i'm

again a forward slash and then i'm accessing the input type that is the

accessing the input type that is the index three that is one two three the

index three that is one two three the third input uh tag

third input uh tag that i want to access because i want to

that i want to access because i want to click on the login button right here you

click on the login button right here you can see the syntax it's input type

can see the syntax it's input type submit name submit and the value is

submit name submit and the value is login this is the login button that we

login this is the login button that we are having for this and i want to access

are having for this and i want to access this login button i want to click on

this login button i want to click on this login button for that the x bar

this login button for that the x bar that we're going to use is this one

that we're going to use is this one over here the three indicates the index

over here the three indicates the index number that is the third input

number that is the third input type

type that is the third input tag name i want

that is the third input tag name i want to access so this is how you will write

to access so this is how you will write your x path

your x path so next now let us understand the

so next now let us understand the different types of x path that is the

different types of x path that is the relative x path and the absolute expo

relative x path and the absolute expo there are two types of x bar relative

there are two types of x bar relative and absolute x bar

and absolute x bar let's see the absolute x

let's see the absolute x now the absolute x path it contains the

now the absolute x path it contains the complete path from the root element to

complete path from the root element to the desired element

the desired element okay

okay for example

for example here you can see my root element is html

here you can see my root element is html and my desired element is this that is

and my desired element is this that is the input type submit name submit value

the input type submit name submit value login this is my desired

login this is my desired okay so i want to i have to uh for

okay so i want to i have to uh for absolute xpath i have to access from

absolute xpath i have to access from root element to the desired element

root element to the desired element that's what i'm doing over here i'm

that's what i'm doing over here i'm writing a forward slash that is only one

writing a forward slash that is only one forward slash

forward slash then i'm accessing html again a forward

then i'm accessing html again a forward slash then i'm accessing body

slash then i'm accessing body again a forward slash i'm accessing form

again a forward slash i'm accessing form then in form tag i want to access the

then in form tag i want to access the third input

third input tag how i will write my xml path

tag how i will write my xml path okay this is the xml path expression

okay this is the xml path expression that i discussed before

that i discussed before next it says that it starts with a

next it says that it starts with a single slash

single slash here you can see it is started with a

here you can see it is started with a single slash over here from root element

single slash over here from root element to the desired element

to the desired element next uh let us discuss is advantages and

next uh let us discuss is advantages and disadvantages the advantage of absolute

disadvantages the advantage of absolute xpath is that it identify identifies the

xpath is that it identify identifies the element very fast

element very fast now obviously over here you are writing

now obviously over here you are writing the

the complete path

complete path like we are writing

like we are writing html slash body slash form slash input

html slash body slash form slash input the third index we are writing the

the third index we are writing the complete path because of this it is

complete path because of this it is accessing the element very faster okay

accessing the element very faster okay that is the advantage of absolute x path

that is the advantage of absolute x path whereas the disadvantage now for this

whereas the disadvantage now for this we'll take up an example so that it will

we'll take up an example so that it will be easier for you

be easier for you so this is the page that you have that

so this is the page that you have that is the username and password and the

is the username and password and the login page that you have for that you

login page that you have for that you have written the html syntax right

have written the html syntax right now what if the developer wants to make

now what if the developer wants to make some changes on this page it wants to uh

some changes on this page it wants to uh suppose a developer wants to enter

suppose a developer wants to enter another field

another field of email

of email so

so here it is username password email i

here it is username password email i have written another uh

have written another uh syntax over here that is the input id

syntax over here that is the input id email type text okay so the developer

email type text okay so the developer has entered another uh

has entered another uh text field over here of email

text field over here of email and i have to access the login and i had

and i have to access the login and i had written the xpath before this one right

written the xpath before this one right this is the expert that i had written

this is the expert that i had written before

before so is it possible to access the login

so is it possible to access the login now after making this changes no right

now after making this changes no right this was the previous expert that i had

this was the previous expert that i had written for the login button

written for the login button for that

for that this was the syntax i'm accessing the

this was the syntax i'm accessing the third element of input

third element of input that is the login right over here

that is the login right over here i am accessing the third element of

i am accessing the third element of input which is the email id right it is

input which is the email id right it is the email id that is present over here

the email id that is present over here so this is the biggest disadvantage of

so this is the biggest disadvantage of absolute xpath

absolute xpath that is if there are any changes that is

that is if there are any changes that is made by the developers in the path of

made by the developers in the path of the element then our written expat will

the element then our written expat will no longer work as you saw in that

no longer work as you saw in that example

example i had written the expert for the login

i had written the expert for the login but when the changes were made by the

but when the changes were made by the developers the expert did not work for

developers the expert did not work for the

the login button because at that place the

login button because at that place the third element of input tag was the email

third element of input tag was the email id

id okay

okay so this is the advantages of the

so this is the advantages of the absolute x-path

absolute x-path so now let's discuss about the relative

so now let's discuss about the relative x-path

x-path now a relative x-path is the one where

now a relative x-path is the one where the path starts from the middle of the

the path starts from the middle of the html dom structure of your choice your

html dom structure of your choice your there is no root note there is no

there is no root note there is no desired node you can simply uh start the

desired node you can simply uh start the path where you want to of your choice

path where you want to of your choice wherever you want to start so basically

wherever you want to start so basically it means that it can search for the

it means that it can search for the element anywhere on the web page okay

element anywhere on the web page okay and it starts with a double slash

and it starts with a double slash whereas the absolute x path starts with

whereas the absolute x path starts with a single slash

a single slash it has a syntax and this is the basic

it has a syntax and this is the basic syntax of the relative x path

syntax of the relative x path first we have the double slashes then we

first we have the double slashes then we have the tag name the stack name can be

have the tag name the stack name can be div image input etc anything

div image input etc anything okay then uh we will open the brackets

okay then uh we will open the brackets and then we have the add the rate this

and then we have the add the rate this add the rate is used to select an

add the rate is used to select an attribute we will write the attribute

attribute we will write the attribute name and we will write the value of this

name and we will write the value of this attribute okay for example

attribute okay for example i have written first the two the forward

i have written first the two the forward slashes i need the double forward

slashes i need the double forward slashes

slashes then i need input

then i need input that is the tag name i'll open my

that is the tag name i'll open my brackets at the rate the attribute that

brackets at the rate the attribute that i'm using is id and the value of this

i'm using is id and the value of this attribute is email

attribute is email so this is the basic syntax of xml that

so this is the basic syntax of xml that is the relative xml and this is most

is the relative xml and this is most frequently used as compared to the

frequently used as compared to the absolute xml

absolute xml why we will discuss that later

so the advantages of relative x path the first advantage is that you don't need

first advantage is that you don't need to mention the long x bar the long x bar

to mention the long x bar the long x bar that is the absolute x path is from the

that is the absolute x path is from the root element to the desired element

root element to the desired element right so over here you don't need to

right so over here you don't need to mention this long x path because there

mention this long x path because there is no

is no need to start from the root element you

need to start from the root element you can start

can start middle at you the path can start from

middle at you the path can start from the middle of the html dom structure

the middle of the html dom structure that is of your choice

that is of your choice but the disadvantage is that it will

but the disadvantage is that it will take more time in identifying the

take more time in identifying the element as we are specifying the partial

element as we are specifying the partial path and not the exact exact part

path and not the exact exact part whereas in absolute x path we are

whereas in absolute x path we are specifying the exact path of the element

specifying the exact path of the element over here we are specifying the partial

over here we are specifying the partial path of the elements so that is the

path of the elements so that is the reason why it takes time in processing

reason why it takes time in processing so here we have some of the examples of

so here we have some of the examples of the relative x path like first you can

the relative x path like first you can see i have the two double slashes the

see i have the two double slashes the tag name that i have used is a

tag name that i have used is a then this is the at the rate sign the

then this is the at the rate sign the attribute is hereif and the value of the

attribute is hereif and the value of the attribute that i have given over here

attribute that i have given over here next i have the two double slashes and i

next i have the two double slashes and i have used the image that is the img uh

have used the image that is the img uh tag name then i have the add the rate

tag name then i have the add the rate sign and the attribute that i'm using is

sign and the attribute that i'm using is alt and the value of this is flower so

alt and the value of this is flower so these are some of the examples

these are some of the examples now if you want to access a x part with

now if you want to access a x part with multiple attributes what if we have

multiple attributes what if we have multiple attributes like suppose there

multiple attributes like suppose there might be a

might be a syntax where the name value the name the

syntax where the name value the name the value of the name is similar so what

value of the name is similar so what we'll do is we'll use multiple

we'll do is we'll use multiple attributes we'll use id with that

attributes we'll use id with that because id is never same it is not the

because id is never same it is not the same for every element it is different

same for every element it is different id is unique right so what i'm going to

id is unique right so what i'm going to do is i'm going to use id that is over

do is i'm going to use id that is over here is name and also the name attribute

here is name and also the name attribute that is the name value so by using these

that is the name value so by using these multiple attributes value i can access

multiple attributes value i can access the element more properly right so the

the element more properly right so the syntax of this is tag name or the two

syntax of this is tag name or the two double slashes tag name open bracket at

double slashes tag name open bracket at the rate attribute one is equal to value

the rate attribute one is equal to value one and then the attribute two the value

one and then the attribute two the value two similarly like attribute three value

two similarly like attribute three value three so you can go on

three so you can go on as you wish okay so this is a way of

as you wish okay so this is a way of accessing multiple attributes

accessing multiple attributes in relative x path

in relative x path so now let's study the difference

so now let's study the difference between the absolute x path and the

between the absolute x path and the relative exponent

relative exponent now the absolute x path it contains the

now the absolute x path it contains the complete path from the root element to

complete path from the root element to the desired element as we studied from

the desired element as we studied from the root element that is the html and

the root element that is the html and the desired element that we wanted that

the desired element that we wanted that is the login button we have the

is the login button we have the input tag right the input third index

input tag right the input third index so it contains the complete path from

so it contains the complete path from the root element to the desired element

the root element to the desired element whereas the relative x path

whereas the relative x path is the one where the path starts from

is the one where the path starts from the middle of the html dom structure of

the middle of the html dom structure of your choice you can start from your

your choice you can start from your choice

choice okay

okay it starts with a single forward slash

it starts with a single forward slash whereas over here in later it starts

whereas over here in later it starts with the doubles forward slash

with the doubles forward slash in absolute x path not used more often

in absolute x path not used more often because it selects

because it selects element from the root node

element from the root node whereas the relative x path is used very

whereas the relative x path is used very often because it searches the element

often because it searches the element everywhere at the web page

everywhere at the web page okay

okay next we have in absolute x bar there is

next we have in absolute x bar there is no attribute value over here the syntax

no attribute value over here the syntax that i had shown before

like this is the syntax of the xpath here we have the attribute value right

here we have the attribute value right we are using the value of the attribute

we are using the value of the attribute and the attribute name

and the attribute name whereas in absolute x path there is no

whereas in absolute x path there is no such case there is no attribute value in

such case there is no attribute value in relative we use the attribute and the

relative we use the attribute and the value of it

value of it this is the basic example of the

this is the basic example of the absolute expert and this is the example

absolute expert and this is the example of the relative x path

of the relative x path [Music]

[Music] so this is the difference between the

so this is the difference between the absolute x pi and the relative x part so

absolute x pi and the relative x part so we know x path are of two types but

we know x path are of two types but which one is mostly preferred

which one is mostly preferred obviously the relative x path is mostly

obviously the relative x path is mostly preferred

preferred why

why because if the application is not very

because if the application is not very stable like if the application is not

stable like if the application is not stable and all the attributes are not

stable and all the attributes are not stable

stable so we are not we cannot use the absolute

so we are not we cannot use the absolute expert why because the developer might

expert why because the developer might make changes frequently right it's not

make changes frequently right it's not stable so the developer will make

stable so the developer will make changes the expat will keep on changing

changes the expat will keep on changing so that is the reason why absolute xpath

so that is the reason why absolute xpath is not mostly used by the automation

is not mostly used by the automation testers whereas the relative xpath is

testers whereas the relative xpath is mostly used by the automation testers

mostly used by the automation testers because in relative xpath the attributes

because in relative xpath the attributes used are fixed they are not changing we

used are fixed they are not changing we are not using the root element to the

are not using the root element to the desired element

desired element okay so that is the reason why we use

okay so that is the reason why we use the relative x path and not the absolute

the relative x path and not the absolute x path

x path so in the previous tutorial we learnt

so in the previous tutorial we learnt about the x path what is x path and the

about the x path what is x path and the different types of x path that is the

different types of x path that is the absolute x path and the relative

absolute x path and the relative exponent also we learned the difference

exponent also we learned the difference between the two so in this tutorial we

between the two so in this tutorial we will understand about the x path

will understand about the x path operators and functions

operators and functions so let's get started

so let's get started so previous uh tutorial we learnt about

so previous uh tutorial we learnt about the relative xpath and the absolute

the relative xpath and the absolute expert let's implement that first on our

expert let's implement that first on our intelligent idea id so open your

intelligent idea id so open your intellij idea

so i will create a new java class

java class i'll name it as

i'll name it as selenium

selenium tutorials

tutorials six

okay so all i want to do is this is the

so all i want to do is this is the website like the ebay.com i'll all i

website like the ebay.com i'll all i want to do is i want to uh inspect this

want to do is i want to uh inspect this search box and the search button okay

search box and the search button okay so for that in the previous tutorial i

so for that in the previous tutorial i explained about the crow path plugin

explained about the crow path plugin now we're going to use the selectors hub

now we're going to use the selectors hub plugin see the selectors hub plugin is

plugin see the selectors hub plugin is the advanced version of the crow path as

the advanced version of the crow path as the crow path is not having some of the

the crow path is not having some of the features which this selector hub

features which this selector hub plugin is having so what we'll do is how

plugin is having so what we'll do is how to install is

to install is write

write selectors hub xpath

selectors hub xpath the first link that you get over here

the first link that you get over here i will provide the link in the

i will provide the link in the description box

description box simply just click to add to chrome

and your selectors hub is added to your chrome browser

chrome browser so since we have

so since we have installed our selectors hub plugin xpath

installed our selectors hub plugin xpath on our browsers so i'll just close this

on our browsers so i'll just close this and i'll open it again

so let me inspect this i'll inspect and here you can see we have the

and here you can see we have the selectors hub

selectors hub present over here

okay so now

so now all i want to do is i want to inspect

all i want to do is i want to inspect this search box and the search button i

this search box and the search button i will write the x path for the search box

will write the x path for the search box and the search button the absolute

and the search button the absolute expert as well as a relative expert so

expert as well as a relative expert so let's do it

let's do it okay so i have created this uh selenium

okay so i have created this uh selenium tutorial 6 this is the java class that i

tutorial 6 this is the java class that i have created in my selenium package the

have created in my selenium package the first statement that i have written is

first statement that i have written is to open the chrome browser that is the

to open the chrome browser that is the system.set property in which i have

system.set property in which i have given the key value

given the key value and the value of the that is the path of

and the value of the that is the path of the executable driver

the executable driver next i have written the web driver

next i have written the web driver driver is equal to new chrome driver

driver is equal to new chrome driver next i have to navigate to the url that

next i have to navigate to the url that is the url i have given over here

is the url i have given over here next i am maximizing the window through

next i am maximizing the window through driver.manage.window

okay so these are the three commands which is uh

which is uh same in all the tutorials till now

same in all the tutorials till now you want to locate the search box right

you want to locate the search box right through relative xpath and absolute

through relative xpath and absolute expert let's first do the absolute x

expert let's first do the absolute x path

[Music] okay so simply i'll just write driver

okay so simply i'll just write driver dot find

dot find element

element by dot

by dot x path

x path and i will write the absolute x path

and i will write the absolute x path over here

let me inspect this element here it is and here you can see we have

here it is and here you can see we have the re relative x path we have the id

the re relative x path we have the id name

name class name

class name uh javascript path the absolute xpath

uh javascript path the absolute xpath and the tag name that is given over here

and the tag name that is given over here in selectors hub we have

in selectors hub we have many features there are a lot of

many features there are a lot of features provided in selectors hub as

features provided in selectors hub as compared to the crow path plugin the

compared to the crow path plugin the crowbar plugin is not having that much

crowbar plugin is not having that much of features in it so that is the reason

of features in it so that is the reason why uh selectors hub is mostly used by

why uh selectors hub is mostly used by many automation testers also it supports

many automation testers also it supports the uh shadow dom objects now uh when i

the uh shadow dom objects now uh when i will be explaining about the shadow dome

will be explaining about the shadow dome at that time we will be using it but for

at that time we will be using it but for now uh

now uh let us focus on the absolute path in the

let us focus on the absolute path in the relative expat that we are doing right

relative expat that we are doing right now

now so this is the absolute x bar that we

so this is the absolute x bar that we have i'll simply click on copy

i want to send some command to it so i'll write send keys

i'll write send keys and i'll write

and i'll write t-show

okay so let's run this

let's run this so let's run this

so let's run this i'll simply click on run

chrome browser is launched it's navigated

it's navigated the browser is maximized

the browser is maximized and here you can see on the search box

and here you can see on the search box we have t-shirts written over here okay

so next uh what i want to do is i want to inspect this element that is i want

to inspect this element that is i want to click on the search button okay so i

to click on the search button okay so i will inspect this element

and here you can see we have the absolute xpath as well as the relative

absolute xpath as well as the relative expat we will choose the absolute xpath

expat we will choose the absolute xpath but

here we'll write driver dot find element

dot find element by dot x path and i will write my

by dot x path and i will write my absolute x path

absolute x path over here

over here and what i want to do is i want to click

and what i want to do is i want to click right so i will right click

so here it is i am sending some command to the search box that is the t-shirt

to the search box that is the t-shirt command and then i am clicking on the

command and then i am clicking on the search button

search button so let's run this

chrome browser is launched it's navigated the browser is

it's navigated the browser is maximized t-shirts and here it's clicked

okay so it's working properly

so it's working properly now let's do with a relative xpath

now let's do with a relative xpath i'll commend this

okay so now we'll do it relative

relative xpath

xpath i'll write driver

i'll write driver dot find element

dot find element by dot

by dot x path and i'm going to mention my

x path and i'm going to mention my relative x path over here

relative x path over here so as for the search box

so as for the search box here it is we have the relative x path

here it is we have the relative x path which is written over here

which is written over here and simply copy this

and simply copy this and paste it over here okay so be

and paste it over here okay so be careful with this syntax we have only

careful with this syntax we have only the single quote over here there is no

the single quote over here there is no double quote because java does not

double quote because java does not support double quotes so if you mention

support double quotes so if you mention double quote over here

double quote over here it will not support

it will not support here you see right it's in red color so

here you see right it's in red color so that's the reason why java does not

that's the reason why java does not support

support double uh inside double quotes another

double uh inside double quotes another double quote so that's the reason why

double quote so that's the reason why we're writing with single quotes okay

we're writing with single quotes okay so be careful with that

so be careful with that now this is the relative expert for the

now this is the relative expert for the search box and what i want to do is i

search box and what i want to do is i want to send some key right so i will

want to send some key right so i will write

so i'll write shirts for men okay next i want is i want to

next i want is i want to inspect the

inspect the search button right for that i'll write

search button right for that i'll write fine element

fine element by dot x path

this is the search button let me inspect it

it and here you can see we have the

and here you can see we have the relative expert given over here right so

relative expert given over here right so i'll copy it

i'll copy it paste it over here and what action do i

paste it over here and what action do i need to perform is i want to click on

need to perform is i want to click on that button right so i will write click

let's see if this runs chrome browser is launched

it's navigated and it's maximized it's written shirts

and it's maximized it's written shirts for men

and here it is okay so it's working properly

okay so it's working properly so this is how you can inspect element

so this is how you can inspect element through absolute expat and the relative

through absolute expat and the relative x path ah the difference between the

x path ah the difference between the absolute expired and the relative expert

absolute expired and the relative expert we studied about that in the previous

we studied about that in the previous tutorial also their advantages and

tutorial also their advantages and disadvantages

disadvantages okay so in this tutorial mainly we will

okay so in this tutorial mainly we will understand about the

understand about the xpath operators and their functions

so the first thing is or operator now when we implement this uh practically at

when we implement this uh practically at that time you will understand it very uh

that time you will understand it very uh properly so first let us understand the

properly so first let us understand the syntax of it as in the previous tutorial

syntax of it as in the previous tutorial i explained about the expert with

i explained about the expert with multiple attributes

multiple attributes here you can see

here you can see that is the two slashes over here the

that is the two slashes over here the tag name that we want that is input a or

tag name that we want that is input a or any of the tag name at the rate

any of the tag name at the rate attribute 1 is equal to value 1 at the

attribute 1 is equal to value 1 at the rate attribute 2 is equal to value 2 and

rate attribute 2 is equal to value 2 and so on this is how we will write x bar

so on this is how we will write x bar with multiple attributes now with the

with multiple attributes now with the help of these multiple attributes we are

help of these multiple attributes we are inserting some of the operators of x bar

inserting some of the operators of x bar that is the or operator and the and

that is the or operator and the and operator

operator like here you can see we have the two

like here you can see we have the two slashes over here the tag name that

slashes over here the tag name that we're using that is the input

we're using that is the input at the rate id the attribute that we are

at the rate id the attribute that we are using is id and the value of it is the

using is id and the value of it is the search underscore query

search underscore query or the or operator which i have written

or the or operator which i have written over here

over here then the second attribute that i am

then the second attribute that i am using at the rate name

using at the rate name and the value of it is search okay so

and the value of it is search okay so this is how we will write the syntax

this is how we will write the syntax with the operator in equilibrium x path

with the operator in equilibrium x path now we will implement this method and

now we will implement this method and then you will understand this table

so i will just comment this

okay so now what i want is i will inspect

so now what i want is i will inspect this element and i'll uh try to send

this element and i'll uh try to send some of the keys of it like i'll write

some of the keys of it like i'll write t-shirts for men over here so let's see

t-shirts for men over here so let's see if the element is identified or not

if the element is identified or not okay i'll click on inspect

okay i'll click on inspect okay so in this syntax here you can see

okay so in this syntax here you can see we have the id attribute as well as the

we have the id attribute as well as the name attribute present over here

name attribute present over here okay so first

okay so first let me write

let me write driver

driver dot

dot find element

find element by

by dot x path

dot x path and here i will write my relative

and here i will write my relative x path so first the two slashes

x path so first the two slashes the tag name that i want is input

the tag name that i want is input open bracket

open bracket first i am going to write

first i am going to write at the rate

at the rate id

id so the value of the id

is this here you can see so let me copy this

so let me copy this next i'm going to write or

then i'm going to write add the rate name attribute

that is this i will just simply copy it

i will just simply copy it paste it over here

paste it over here dot

dot send keys and whatever keys i want to

send keys and whatever keys i want to send is short

send is short for

for men

men and let's see whether we can locate this

and let's see whether we can locate this element or not

so a chrome browser is launched it's navigated

it's navigated it's maximized and here you can see

it's maximized and here you can see shirts for men that means this search

shirts for men that means this search box is located through our operator

box is located through our operator okay

okay so now here you can see

this a part the id part at the rate id is the a

is the a at the rate name is the b part right now

at the rate name is the b part right now if both the elements are true that means

if both the elements are true that means the return the element is identified and

the return the element is identified and it returns both the element right now

it returns both the element right now what if

what if my first element is true and the second

my first element is true and the second element is false it returns a so let's

element is false it returns a so let's check this out

that means at the rate id is equal to this value is correct whereas this value

this value is correct whereas this value is not correct now let's see what

is not correct now let's see what happens

happens whether we are able to locate the

whether we are able to locate the element or not

element or not so i click on run

my browser is navigated

navigated it's maximize and here you can see

it's maximize and here you can see shirts for men

shirts for men the search box is inspected it is

the search box is inspected it is identified

identified even though if my name attribute the

even though if my name attribute the value of the name attribute is not

value of the name attribute is not correct okay

correct okay now what if my ad id value is not

now what if my ad id value is not correct like if i write this gh

correct like if i write this gh let's see whether we can identify the

let's see whether we can identify the element or not

my chrome browser is launched it's navigated

it's navigated it's maximized

it's maximized and here you can see shirts for men

and here you can see shirts for men it's identified

it's identified okay

okay now what if the id value is wrong and

now what if the id value is wrong and even the name value is wrong

even the name value is wrong let's see if the element is identified

let's see if the element is identified or not

so our chrome browser is navigated and it's maximized

and here you can see there is no element over here there is no key sent over here

over here there is no key sent over here that is the shirts for men

that is the shirts for men why because my id value as well as the

why because my id value as well as the name value is wrong okay

name value is wrong okay so this is what the

so this is what the or operator is

or operator is if my a element that is the id value

if my a element that is the id value is wrong as well as the name attribute

is wrong as well as the name attribute value is wrong that means it's not the

value is wrong that means it's not the same as it is specified in the html dom

same as it is specified in the html dom structure the element will not be

structure the element will not be identified

identified whereas if my id value is wrong but my

whereas if my id value is wrong but my name value is correct the element is

name value is correct the element is identified similarly if my a value that

identified similarly if my a value that is the id value is right whereas my name

is the id value is right whereas my name value is wrong

value is wrong still the element is identified and if

still the element is identified and if both are right the element is identified

both are right the element is identified but if both are wrong the element is not

but if both are wrong the element is not identified so this is all about the or

identified so this is all about the or operator

operator now let's check out the and operator

now let's check out the and operator okay it's the same as it is or only the

okay it's the same as it is or only the rules are bit different you will

rules are bit different you will understand that practically

understand that practically so we are testing for and operators so

so we are testing for and operators so i'll just write and over here

i'll just write and over here let's see so the id value is same and

let's see so the id value is same and the name value is also correct so let's

the name value is also correct so let's see if it is inspected the element is

see if it is inspected the element is inspected or not let me comment this

inspected or not let me comment this okay

okay all right

when chrome browser's launched it's navigated it's maximized and here you

navigated it's maximized and here you can see the

can see the shirts for men

shirts for men the search box is inspected as well as

the search box is inspected as well as the command is sent that is the shirts

the command is sent that is the shirts for women so this means this uh line

for women so this means this uh line this

this driver.fine element this function that

driver.fine element this function that we have written works well okay now what

we have written works well okay now what if if i just

if if i just write the id value wrong whereas the

write the id value wrong whereas the name value the value of name attribute

name value the value of name attribute is correct okay so let's see if the

is correct okay so let's see if the element is identified or not

element is identified or not so my chrome browser is launched

so my chrome browser is launched it's navigated

it's navigated it's maximized

okay there is no command sent over here

command sent over here okay so if my id is wrong

okay so if my id is wrong and my name is right that means the

and my name is right that means the element is not identified

element is not identified what if my id value is correct whereas

what if my id value is correct whereas the name value is wrong

the name value is wrong let's see if the element is identified

let's see if the element is identified or not

my chrome browser is launched it's navigated

it's navigated and it's maximized

okay so here you can see that my search box is not

box is not identified and there is no command sent

identified and there is no command sent over here

over here so your element cannot be identified if

so your element cannot be identified if the id value is right and the name value

the id value is right and the name value is wrong as well as the id value is

is wrong as well as the id value is right wrong and the name value is right

right wrong and the name value is right both of the ways the i

both of the ways the i the element is not found what if

the element is not found what if both of them are wrong

both of them are wrong let's see

let's see let me inspect it

let me inspect it click on run

click on run chrome browser is launched

chrome browser is launched it's

it's navigated it's maximized

navigated it's maximized and here you can see there is no command

and here you can see there is no command sent over here

sent over here okay

if the a element that is the id attribute is having the wrong value

attribute is having the wrong value as well as the name attribute is having

as well as the name attribute is having the wrong value the element is not

the wrong value the element is not identified

identified similarly if the a attribute that is the

similarly if the a attribute that is the id attribute is having the wrong value

id attribute is having the wrong value and the name attribute is having the

and the name attribute is having the right value still the element is not

right value still the element is not identified

identified if the a attribute is having the correct

if the a attribute is having the correct value whereas the b attribute is having

value whereas the b attribute is having the wrong value still the element is not

the wrong value still the element is not identified

identified in case of and operator the element is

in case of and operator the element is only identified if the id attribute is

only identified if the id attribute is correct as well as the name attribute

correct as well as the name attribute value is correct only then the element

value is correct only then the element is identified so that is the difference

is identified so that is the difference between the and operator and the or

between the and operator and the or operator like here you can see

operator like here you can see the element is identified in all the

the element is identified in all the cases except if both the uh attribute

cases except if both the uh attribute values are wrong okay whereas over here

values are wrong okay whereas over here it is

it is the element is identified in only one

the element is identified in only one case that is both the id as well as the

case that is both the id as well as the name attribute value should be correct

name attribute value should be correct that is it should be the same as it is

that is it should be the same as it is mentioned in the html dom structure

mentioned in the html dom structure so this is the difference between the or

so this is the difference between the or operator and the and operator

operator and the and operator so the next function that we're going to

so the next function that we're going to study about is the contains function

study about is the contains function now the contains is used to identify an

now the contains is used to identify an element all the functions that we

element all the functions that we studied till now of x path are used to

studied till now of x path are used to identify an element

identify an element when we are familiar with some part of

when we are familiar with some part of the attribute value of an element

the attribute value of an element now this means that when we are familiar

now this means that when we are familiar with some part of the attributes value

with some part of the attributes value that is for example let me show you the

that is for example let me show you the normal syntax of the relative x bar that

normal syntax of the relative x bar that we write is this right

we write is this right two

two two slashes the tag name add the rate id

two slashes the tag name add the rate id and the value like over here you can see

and the value like over here you can see two slashes input at the rate id and the

two slashes input at the rate id and the value that i have written is the first

value that i have written is the first name

name now what if you want to use the contains

now what if you want to use the contains method when we are using the contains

method when we are using the contains method we will write add the rate id

method we will write add the rate id comma first that is only the partial

comma first that is only the partial text i will write in contains method i

text i will write in contains method i don't need to write the full text

don't need to write the full text so this is a feature of contains

the next function that we're going to study is the starts with function now

study is the starts with function now see all these functions that we are

see all these functions that we are studying they are used dynamically for

studying they are used dynamically for dynamic uh elements they are used now

dynamic uh elements they are used now what are dynamic elements there are two

what are dynamic elements there are two types of elements one is dynamic and one

types of elements one is dynamic and one is static static elements are elements

is static static elements are elements whose attributes value does not change

whose attributes value does not change the value of the attribute does not

the value of the attribute does not change

change whereas the dynamic elements are the

whereas the dynamic elements are the elements whose attribute value changes

elements whose attribute value changes on refresh or any of the operation of

on refresh or any of the operation of the web page like if we click on that

the web page like if we click on that element the value changes

element the value changes for example let us take up the start and

for example let us take up the start and the stop button like this is the button

the stop button like this is the button if i click on start

if i click on start the function will start

the function will start but after start the button changes to

but after start the button changes to stop

stop and when i click on stop

and when i click on stop the function will stop and the button

the function will stop and the button will change the value will change to

will change the value will change to start so this is how this this is what

start so this is how this this is what is the dynamic working of the

is the dynamic working of the uh

uh of the elements on the web page now for

of the elements on the web page now for example like over here you can see we

example like over here you can see we have the button like start and the stop

have the button like start and the stop if i want to inspect the start button i

if i want to inspect the start button i want to uh

want to uh identify the start element what i'm

identify the start element what i'm going to do is i'm going to write slash

going to do is i'm going to write slash input two slashes input at the rate id

input two slashes input at the rate id is equal to start

is equal to start this will identify this will locate the

this will identify this will locate the start button only and not the stop

start button only and not the stop button

button because after clicking on start

because after clicking on start the value is changing to stop right so

the value is changing to stop right so it will only identify the start button

it will only identify the start button what about stop

what about stop so for that i have to write input at the

so for that i have to write input at the rate id is equal to stop over here also

rate id is equal to stop over here also it is identifying only the stop button

it is identifying only the stop button and not the start button

and not the start button so in this case we will use the start

so in this case we will use the start smith operation

smith operation now here you can see there are two

now here you can see there are two things there are two words in common

things there are two words in common right the s t

right the s t s and t these are the two words that are

s and t these are the two words that are in common over here so what i'm going to

in common over here so what i'm going to do is i'm going to use a starts with

do is i'm going to use a starts with function i'm going to write starts with

function i'm going to write starts with either rate id and sd

either rate id and sd in this case it will detect the start

in this case it will detect the start operation as well as the stop operation

operation as well as the stop operation so this is the advantage of start swipe

so this is the advantage of start swipe like here you can

like here you can like here you can see

like here you can see start with find the element whose

start with find the element whose attribute value changes on refresh or

attribute value changes on refresh or any operation on the web page like

any operation on the web page like clicking the uh in the element on the

clicking the uh in the element on the web page

web page now in this expression matching the

now in this expression matching the starting text of the attribute used to

starting text of the attribute used to find the element whose attribute changes

find the element whose attribute changes dynamically

dynamically here's the attribute value this is the

here's the attribute value this is the attribute value right that start and the

attribute value right that start and the stop this attribute value is changing

stop this attribute value is changing dynamically right

dynamically right so this is what we're going to do we are

so this is what we're going to do we are going to match the starting text of the

going to match the starting text of the attribute values this is the starting

attribute values this is the starting text which is the similarity

text which is the similarity so always keep in mind that the

so always keep in mind that the starting value of the attribute should

starting value of the attribute should be similar

be similar then only starts with function will work

then only starts with function will work we can also find element whose attribute

we can also find element whose attribute value is static which does not change

value is static which does not change but this works uh properly with dynamic

but this works uh properly with dynamic functions okay

so let's implement this first now this is the page this is the element

now this is the page this is the element that i want to inspect

i'll click on inspect and here it is so what i'm going to do is i'm going to

what i'm going to do is i'm going to write the

write the x path over here okay

x path over here okay for contains method

for contains method so let me write two slashes the tag name

so let me write two slashes the tag name input

then contains open brackets

open brackets the rate i'll use

i'll use name let me use name attribute so i'll write

so i'll write name

name comma

comma single quotes

underscore nkw

nkw here you can see

here you can see this value

this value let me copy this

and close the bracket close the back

close the back and here you can see we have one element

and here you can see we have one element matching which shows one element

matching which shows one element matching this element is matching it is

matching this element is matching it is highlighted right so this is the element

highlighted right so this is the element which is matched over here now if i'm

which is matched over here now if i'm using contains as i said i can use

using contains as i said i can use partial text right so what i'll do i'll

partial text right so what i'll do i'll just remove w

just remove w and still you can see one element

and still you can see one element matching

matching and still you can see one element

and still you can see one element matching i remove i remove the k as well

matching i remove i remove the k as well so

so let's see if it is detecting this

let's see if it is detecting this element or not i will copy this

right driver dot

find element by dot x path

by dot x path and i will mention this

and i want to send some

send some value to it so i'll write

value to it so i'll write shirts for

shirts for kids

kids my chrome browser is launched

it's maximized and here you can see we have the value written away shirts for

have the value written away shirts for kids so this means that the search box

kids so this means that the search box that i have inspected over here through

that i have inspected over here through contains method is working properly okay

contains method is working properly okay we can locate the element over here so

we can locate the element over here so this is how we will use contains method

this is how we will use contains method now if i use

now if i use starts with

starts with i'll just simply remove this contains

i'll just simply remove this contains and write

and write starts with

starts with and here you can see

and here you can see uh so since uh

uh so since uh selectors hubs gives us the feature of

selectors hubs gives us the feature of writing the x path over here as well in

writing the x path over here as well in the uh expired the text box so i have

the uh expired the text box so i have written a input starts with at the rate

written a input starts with at the rate name and here you can see it is starting

name and here you can see it is starting with underscore n right so let me write

with underscore n right so let me write underscore

underscore and here you can see we have one element

and here you can see we have one element matching now what if i remove n

matching now what if i remove n and here you can see we have three

and here you can see we have three elements matching which is matching to

elements matching which is matching to underscore you can see

underscore you can see the uh three elements are given over

the uh three elements are given over here the first element is over here this

here the first element is over here this is the second element and this is the

is the second element and this is the third element

third element since we are inspecting this third

since we are inspecting this third element so i'll just include n see it

element so i'll just include n see it doesn't matter where your what type of

doesn't matter where your what type of value you're writing over here

value you're writing over here these functions are used only for

these functions are used only for dynamically functions now in the next

dynamically functions now in the next tutorial when you learn about the

tutorial when you learn about the advanced x path there you will see many

advanced x path there you will see many dynamic elements so at that point we

dynamic elements so at that point we will use starts with metal okay

will use starts with metal okay i'll just copy this element

i'll just copy this element and let's see if it's working well or

and let's see if it's working well or not

not driver dot

driver dot fine element

fine element y dot x path

y dot x path and here i will include the element

and here i will include the element now let me send some keys

now let me send some keys t-shirts for

kids let me comment this

let me comment this and let's see if it's working well or

and let's see if it's working well or not

so our chrome browser is launched it's navigated

it's navigated and

and it's maximized and here you can see

it's maximized and here you can see t-shirts for kids this means that my

t-shirts for kids this means that my search box the element that i want to

search box the element that i want to inspect that is the search box is

inspect that is the search box is inspected through

inspected through these starts with method okay see i'm

these starts with method okay see i'm here i'm just showing the demo of using

here i'm just showing the demo of using these functions that how you can use

these functions that how you can use these functions

the next method that we're going to understand is the

understand is the the next function that we're going to

the next function that we're going to study is the text function

study is the text function now see text is an inbuilt function of

now see text is an inbuilt function of the selenium webdriver and it is

the selenium webdriver and it is frequently used and it is one of the

frequently used and it is one of the most popular expat function that is used

most popular expat function that is used and it is basically used to locate

and it is basically used to locate elements the elements that we want to

elements the elements that we want to locate right based on the text of the

locate right based on the text of the web element like here you can see we

web element like here you can see we have the user id

have the user id and the element that i want to locate

and the element that i want to locate this is the text box that i want to look

this is the text box that i want to look at the text of the web element the text

at the text of the web element the text of the web element is the user id over

of the web element is the user id over here by using this this text i am going

here by using this this text i am going to identify this web element okay this

to identify this web element okay this is what text function is

is what text function is over here like you can see uh like if i

over here like you can see uh like if i inspect this element this is the element

inspect this element this is the element that i'm inspecting we have the td tag

that i'm inspecting we have the td tag inside the tr tag we have the td a line

inside the tr tag we have the td a line is equal to right and the text that is

is equal to right and the text that is used that is a user id so if i want to

used that is a user id so if i want to inspect this element how i am going to

inspect this element how i am going to write is the two slashes td

write is the two slashes td the text function the text the value of

the text function the text the value of the text function is the user id this is

the text function is the user id this is how i'm going to write the text function

how i'm going to write the text function okay so let's uh

okay so let's uh do this let's

do this let's do the demo of this

do the demo of this i'll comment this

i'll comment this so this is the cell link that i want to

so this is the cell link that i want to click on so what i'm going to do is i'm

click on so what i'm going to do is i'm going to inspect this element

going to inspect this element and i'll write the x path over here

and i'll write the x path over here the tag that we're using is the a tag

the tag that we're using is the a tag it's a link

it's a link so a tag and i'm going to write text

so a tag and i'm going to write text here you can see

here you can see okay so here we can see that is the one

okay so here we can see that is the one element matching so i'm going to copy

element matching so i'm going to copy this

this x path

x path and i'll paste it over here that'll

and i'll paste it over here that'll write driver

write driver dot find element

dot find element by dot

by dot x path

x path paste it over here and the operation

paste it over here and the operation that i want to perform is i want to

that i want to perform is i want to click on this link okay

click on this link okay so let's see

it's navigated and it's maximized and here you can see

and it's maximized and here you can see the cell

the cell link is clicked okay

now suppose if i want to use the contains

contains and the text method both of them i'll

and the text method both of them i'll write contains

open bracket then i'll write text function

function comma

comma then i'll write

then i'll write a cell

here you can see we have six elements that is matching it

that is matching it sell

sell sell

sell selling

selling then we have saved sellers

then we have saved sellers then sell

then sell sellers information center seller

sellers information center seller information center now see

information center now see here you can see we have used the

here you can see we have used the contains method when we were using the

contains method when we were using the text method only one element was

text method only one element was identified but when we are using the

identified but when we are using the contains method the six elements are

contains method the six elements are matching this means the cell this cell

matching this means the cell this cell word that we're using

word that we're using see here i have used the contains method

see here i have used the contains method if i'm using contains method i'm finding

if i'm using contains method i'm finding six elements

six elements when i was using the text method only i

when i was using the text method only i found only one element matching whereas

found only one element matching whereas if i'm using the contains method there

if i'm using the contains method there are six elements that is matching over

are six elements that is matching over here why

here why because in all these matching elements

because in all these matching elements there are some uh words at the cell like

there are some uh words at the cell like over here we have the cell we have

over here we have the cell we have selling we have said sellers we have

selling we have said sellers we have sell over here again we have the seller

sell over here again we have the seller information center then we have the

information center then we have the seller information center

seller information center so if you're using contains and text so

so if you're using contains and text so this is the difference

this is the difference whereas if i use

whereas if i use starts with over here

there are three elements matching over here here you can see we have sell

here here you can see we have sell seller

seller seller information center there are

seller information center there are three elements that is matching to

three elements that is matching to starts with so this is how you can use

starts with so this is how you can use text function with all the functions

text function with all the functions that i have explained over here which

that i have explained over here which contains start and starts with okay so

contains start and starts with okay so uh

uh but the only difference will be that

but the only difference will be that that we will find multiple elements

that we will find multiple elements through these

through these if we use starts with with text and if

if we use starts with with text and if we use the contains with text

we use the contains with text so

so these were the functions that we studied

these were the functions that we studied let's see the final conclusion of it

let's see the final conclusion of it which function to use when

which function to use when so when do we use contains method in

so when do we use contains method in expert

expert we will use the contains method if you

we will use the contains method if you know the partial constant visible text

know the partial constant visible text or attribute now what is this partial

or attribute now what is this partial constant visible text partial constant

constant visible text partial constant visible text means that if there is any

visible text means that if there is any text like suppose there is an element

text like suppose there is an element which you want to identify

which you want to identify there is a text for it right that is

there is a text for it right that is what we are using in contains method

what we are using in contains method like here you can see

like here you can see the contains method the text which we

the contains method the text which we are using we are using the partial

are using we are using the partial constant text this first is the constant

constant text this first is the constant text even name is the constant text it

text even name is the constant text it contains method and the starts method is

contains method and the starts method is used dynamically

used dynamically so we will use only the words that are

so we will use only the words that are constant

constant okay similarly goes with start with over

okay similarly goes with start with over here the words that are constant is s

here the words that are constant is s and t whereas the other words are

and t whereas the other words are changing right because start

changing right because start as a as we are starting the button it is

as a as we are starting the button it is changing to stop so that value is

changing to stop so that value is changing dynamically okay

so we will use the contains method in x path if you know the partial constant

path if you know the partial constant visible text it should be constant it

visible text it should be constant it should not be dynamically okay

should not be dynamically okay next we will use the starts with method

next we will use the starts with method if you know the initial partial constant

if you know the initial partial constant visible text or the attribute the

visible text or the attribute the initial partial constant text means that

initial partial constant text means that like over here

like over here there is an initial constant text right

there is an initial constant text right that is the st

that is the st you are also st rest all the words are

you are also st rest all the words are changing okay so the partial initial

changing okay so the partial initial constant text is used in starts with

next we can use the contains method and the starts with method with absolute

the starts with method with absolute text or attribute also this means that

text or attribute also this means that we can write

the first name as well similarly for

similarly for uh

uh start with we can write start or stop as

start with we can write start or stop as well but the only problem will be that

well but the only problem will be that it will identify that element only for

it will identify that element only for starts with okay

next we can you use the text method in xpath if you're aware of the absolute

xpath if you're aware of the absolute visible text now here in the text method

visible text now here in the text method we cannot write the partial text like

we cannot write the partial text like over here you can see you cannot use

over here you can see you cannot use text method with the partial text like

text method with the partial text like in the contains method we were writing

in the contains method we were writing the partial text right

the partial text right whereas in text method we are not

whereas in text method we are not allowed to use the partial text like

allowed to use the partial text like over here we were

over here we were identifying the element cell right we

identifying the element cell right we were clicking the element cell in the

were clicking the element cell in the demo now if i write sel only it will not

demo now if i write sel only it will not identify

identify if you're using the text method but in

if you're using the text method but in contains method it will identify okay so

contains method it will identify okay so this is the difference between the two

this is the difference between the two next we cannot make use of starswith

next we cannot make use of starswith method if the initial text is constantly

method if the initial text is constantly changing now for example

changing now for example this st word is changing constantly now

this st word is changing constantly now suppose just imagine we have a button

suppose just imagine we have a button name activated and deactivated

name activated and deactivated the if you're clicking on activate

the if you're clicking on activate button the process is activated and the

button the process is activated and the value of that button is changing to

value of that button is changing to deactivate so the first words are

deactivate so the first words are changing right so in that case you

changing right so in that case you cannot use starts with function

cannot use starts with function so this is the conclusion of the entire

so this is the conclusion of the entire uh tutorial that we learned that is the

uh tutorial that we learned that is the contains whether the starts with method

contains whether the starts with method the text method then now we have learnt

the text method then now we have learnt uh so much about xpath we have learnt

uh so much about xpath we have learnt what is x path what are the different

what is x path what are the different types of x bar that is the relative x

types of x bar that is the relative x path the absolute x path the difference

path the absolute x path the difference between the relative and x absolute x

between the relative and x absolute x bar the functions of x bar that is the

bar the functions of x bar that is the contains the starts with the text method

contains the starts with the text method so uh this is not all about expert the

so uh this is not all about expert the main part about xpath is the advanced

main part about xpath is the advanced expired functions that we are going to

expired functions that we are going to study

study that is uh this this is the graph that

that is uh this this is the graph that we're going to study in the next

we're going to study in the next tutorial that is the xpath access in

tutorial that is the xpath access in which uh we have the uh ancestors we

which uh we have the uh ancestors we have the parent we have the child we

have the parent we have the child we have the following siblings we have the

have the following siblings we have the preceding siblings so uh this entire

preceding siblings so uh this entire thing we're going to study in the html

thing we're going to study in the html dom structure and we will also do the

dom structure and we will also do the demo of it so in the previous tutorial

demo of it so in the previous tutorial we learnt about the xpath

we learnt about the xpath operators and also the expert functions

operators and also the expert functions as well as we learnt about the different

as well as we learnt about the different types of xpath that is the relative x

types of xpath that is the relative x path and the active expat the different

path and the active expat the different types of locators also we have studied

types of locators also we have studied the id name the css selector link text

the id name the css selector link text and everything so in this tutorial we

and everything so in this tutorial we will learn about the advanced xpath with

will learn about the advanced xpath with their access method

their access method in which we will cover what is the xpath

in which we will cover what is the xpath axis and why do we use this x-path axis

axis and why do we use this x-path axis also we will understand the different

also we will understand the different types of x-path axis and the

types of x-path axis and the relationship with their nodes this is

relationship with their nodes this is the most important thing that we need to

the most important thing that we need to understand

understand next we are going to understand their

next we are going to understand their syntax their descriptions and also we

syntax their descriptions and also we will implement it practically we will

will implement it practically we will automate two websites let me show you

automate two websites let me show you those

those first is this website we will automate

first is this website we will automate this table as well as we will automate

this table as well as we will automate this form

this form so let's get started so the first thing

so let's get started so the first thing that we need to understand is what is

that we need to understand is what is the xpath access

the xpath access now the xpath axis are those axes that

now the xpath axis are those axes that is used to search for multiple nodes in

is used to search for multiple nodes in the xml document for the current node

the xml document for the current node context now what is this current node

context now what is this current node context we will understand while

context we will understand while studying the relationship of nodes now

studying the relationship of nodes now why are we using the xpath access if we

why are we using the xpath access if we have locators like the id name class

have locators like the id name class link text and all these locators are

link text and all these locators are there still we are using the xpath

there still we are using the xpath access why see in the previous tutorial

access why see in the previous tutorial i explained about some of the expat

i explained about some of the expat functions right that is the contains

functions right that is the contains method and the text method and the

method and the text method and the startswith method so even after using

startswith method so even after using those expert functions we cannot

those expert functions we cannot identify the element that is the that is

identify the element that is the that is when we can use the xpath access

when we can use the xpath access so what to do when the expat functions

so what to do when the expat functions fail to identify the elements in that

fail to identify the elements in that case we will use the xpath access along

case we will use the xpath access along with the xpath functions like the expert

with the xpath functions like the expert functions can be contact contains text

functions can be contact contains text start with we can use those functions as

start with we can use those functions as well as the xpath access also we can use

well as the xpath access also we can use those selectors like the id name class

those selectors like the id name class link text css selectors these locators

link text css selectors these locators can also be used okay

can also be used okay so this is what expert access is and why

so this is what expert access is and why do we use xpath access

do we use xpath access next there are different types of expat

next there are different types of expat access like we have the child we have

access like we have the child we have the parent we have following proceeding

the parent we have following proceeding following sibling preceding sibling and

following sibling preceding sibling and sister descendants we will understand

sister descendants we will understand these terms in detail

these terms in detail now here it comes

now here it comes this is the relationship of note okay

this is the relationship of note okay this is one of the most important uh

this is one of the most important uh thing we need to learn in x-path access

thing we need to learn in x-path access you need to remember you need to

you need to remember you need to understand this relationship of note

understand this relationship of note picture

picture and uh so just have a look at this

and uh so just have a look at this picture properly and see this topic is a

picture properly and see this topic is a bit difficult to understand but once you

bit difficult to understand but once you get a hang of this relationship of nodes

get a hang of this relationship of nodes uh it will be very easier for you to

uh it will be very easier for you to locate the elements in the dom html

locate the elements in the dom html structure okay so now uh let's start

structure okay so now uh let's start from this node that is a self node now i

from this node that is a self node now i would suggest you that uh take this

would suggest you that uh take this relationship nodes in your family

relationship nodes in your family context as in when you study your family

context as in when you study your family tree that is the ancestor parents your

tree that is the ancestor parents your siblings your children your descendants

siblings your children your descendants so when you take take in those contexts

so when you take take in those contexts when you take in those family terms it

when you take in those family terms it will be very easy for you to understand

will be very easy for you to understand this relationship okay

this relationship okay because there are many different uh

because there are many different uh keywords that we need to understand the

keywords that we need to understand the ancestor the parent the child the

ancestor the parent the child the preceding sibling the following sibling

preceding sibling the following sibling so to get a hang of it just keep

so to get a hang of it just keep yourself over here and just imagine your

yourself over here and just imagine your family tree

family tree so here uh this is you and this is the

so here uh this is you and this is the self element okay

self element okay each and every node present over here is

each and every node present over here is an element okay so this is self element

an element okay so this is self element so what will be your parent element the

so what will be your parent element the one about the self element is the parent

one about the self element is the parent element that here you can see is three

element that here you can see is three this is your parent element

this is your parent element and your ancestor is one now if you keep

and your ancestor is one now if you keep yourself over here who will be your

yourself over here who will be your ancestors your parents parents will be

ancestors your parents parents will be your ancestor right so in this case one

your ancestor right so in this case one is your ancestor so now uh this is

is your ancestor so now uh this is yourself element three is the parent one

yourself element three is the parent one is the ancestor

is the ancestor now if you keep yourself over here your

now if you keep yourself over here your children that is the 9 10 11 12 and 13

children that is the 9 10 11 12 and 13 these are the child notes that are

these are the child notes that are present over here okay

present over here okay this is you

this is you the one above you is your parent and

the one above you is your parent and your parents parent is your ancestor

your parents parent is your ancestor and your children are your child notes

and your children are your child notes that is the 9 10 11 12 and 13. these are

that is the 9 10 11 12 and 13. these are your child notes okay

your child notes okay coming to the next term that is a

coming to the next term that is a descendant now what are those

descendant now what are those descendants

descendants descendant notes are

descendant notes are children's children as well as the

children's children as well as the children

children okay

okay that means

that means descending will be your 9

descending will be your 9 10 11 12 13

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 and 18.

14 15 16 17 and 18. keeping yourself over here your children

keeping yourself over here your children and your children's children will be

and your children's children will be your descendants okay

your descendants okay so what did we understand till now

so what did we understand till now keeping yourself over here the one the

keeping yourself over here the one the element above you is the parent parent's

element above you is the parent parent's parent is the ancestor that is the one

parent is the ancestor that is the one and your child nodes that is your

and your child nodes that is your children are your child notes

children are your child notes children's childrens are your descendant

children's childrens are your descendant nodes okay

nodes okay now let's go to the preceding and the

now let's go to the preceding and the following these are the two uh terms

following these are the two uh terms that are left

that are left now the preceding siblings and the

now the preceding siblings and the following siblings okay

following siblings okay now your let's take in terms of family

now your let's take in terms of family tree this is yourself keep yourself over

tree this is yourself keep yourself over here okay

here okay now just imagine that your brothers and

now just imagine that your brothers and sisters

sisters that are elder to you okay is your

that are elder to you okay is your preceding sibling

preceding sibling and your brothers and sisters that are

and your brothers and sisters that are younger to you are your following

younger to you are your following siblings okay this is what is following

siblings okay this is what is following siblings and preceding siblings

siblings and preceding siblings now coming to proceeding and following

now coming to proceeding and following now your following means the elements

now your following means the elements that come after the current html tag the

that come after the current html tag the current html tag means the self tag the

current html tag means the self tag the elements that come after the seller self

elements that come after the seller self tag is the following tag which includes

tag is the following tag which includes the following siblings also

the following siblings also whereas preceding is the elements that

whereas preceding is the elements that come before the self tag

come before the self tag which includes the preceding siblings as

which includes the preceding siblings as well see when we practically implement

well see when we practically implement this it will be more easier to

this it will be more easier to understand you will understand in a very

understand you will understand in a very better way okay we will do the practical

better way okay we will do the practical implementation also

implementation also so let's see the syntax these are the

so let's see the syntax these are the two slashes that are always present in

two slashes that are always present in the x path we will write the tag name

the x path we will write the tag name slash the single slash

slash the single slash axis that is the child parent or

axis that is the child parent or ancestor or anything and there is an

ancestor or anything and there is an operator that is specially used over

operator that is specially used over here that is a scope of operator in the

here that is a scope of operator in the scope of operator these two colons and

scope of operator these two colons and then we will write the target element

then we will write the target element whatever it is the target element that

whatever it is the target element that we want to specify

we want to specify so let's have a description of this

so let's have a description of this as i said

as i said child child means it travels all the

child child means it travels all the child element of the current html tag

child element of the current html tag okay so let's look at the description of

okay so let's look at the description of it the first is a child

it the first is a child it traverses all the child elements of

it traverses all the child elements of the current html tag all the child

the current html tag all the child elements of the current html tag our

elements of the current html tag our current html tag is the self tag okay it

current html tag is the self tag okay it is traversing all the child elements of

is traversing all the child elements of the current html tag that is 9 10 11 12

the current html tag that is 9 10 11 12 and 13. next is the parent traverse all

and 13. next is the parent traverse all the parent element of the current html

the parent element of the current html tag

tag so the parent over here

so the parent over here is three okay our current html tag is

is three okay our current html tag is self so the element above the self is

self so the element above the self is the parent element right so your three

the parent element right so your three is the parent element next we have the

is the parent element next we have the following

following traverse all the elements that comes

traverse all the elements that comes after the current attack

after the current attack after the current tag right self is the

after the current tag right self is the current tag all the elements after the

current tag all the elements after the current tag that includes the seven

current tag that includes the seven eight and also the four so this is the

eight and also the four so this is the following

following okay

okay see there is a difference between

see there is a difference between following and following siblings okay

following and following siblings okay the following siblings consist of seven

the following siblings consist of seven and eight element only whereas following

and eight element only whereas following is having four seven and eight okay so

is having four seven and eight okay so there is a difference between the two

there is a difference between the two next coming to the proceeding

next coming to the proceeding traverse all the nodes that comes before

traverse all the nodes that comes before the current html tag so the current html

the current html tag so the current html tag itself before the current html tag

tag itself before the current html tag is 2 5 and 6. okay

is 2 5 and 6. okay so this is your preceding elements

so this is your preceding elements next we have the following siblings

next we have the following siblings traverse from current html tag to the

traverse from current html tag to the next sibling html tag

next sibling html tag traverse from the current html track

traverse from the current html track this self

this self to the next

to the next html tag that is this

html tag that is this this is your next html tag which is just

this is your next html tag which is just next to it right next to your self tag

next to it right next to your self tag which is seven and 8 so this will be

which is seven and 8 so this will be your following sibling

going to preceding sibling traverse from current html tag to previous sibling

current html tag to previous sibling html tag

current html tag is self previous sibling html tag is this that

previous sibling html tag is this that is the five and the six okay next we

is the five and the six okay next we have the ancestors that is your

have the ancestors that is your grandparents in parent reverse all the

grandparents in parent reverse all the ancestor elements of the current html

ancestor elements of the current html tag

tag so the ancestor over here is one this is

so the ancestor over here is one this is your current html tag itself and the

your current html tag itself and the ancestor is one next we have the

ancestor is one next we have the descendant it traverses all the

descendant it traverses all the descended elements now which consists of

descended elements now which consists of the child node the grandchild nodes of

the child node the grandchild nodes of the current html tag

the current html tag so this is the current html tag the

so this is the current html tag the child node that is the 9 10 11 12 and 13

child node that is the 9 10 11 12 and 13 and the grand child nodes that is the 14

and the grand child nodes that is the 14 15 16 17 and 18.

15 16 17 and 18. so this is all about the relationship

so this is all about the relationship table in which we covered about the

table in which we covered about the ancestor the parent the child descendant

ancestor the parent the child descendant the following the preceding the

the following the preceding the preceding sibling and the following

preceding sibling and the following siblings now let's implement this

so these two page uh these two sites we will automate today we will automate

will automate today we will automate this table as well as this form now this

this table as well as this form now this table is dynamic it keeps on changing it

table is dynamic it keeps on changing it is the

is the rediff money.rediff.com the gainers page

rediff money.rediff.com the gainers page in which we have the markets uh

in which we have the markets uh companies present over here which keeps

companies present over here which keeps on changing according to their uh prices

on changing according to their uh prices and so we're going to automate this

and so we're going to automate this table today which is dynamic also we're

table today which is dynamic also we're going to automate this form now this

going to automate this form now this form is static this is dynamic so just

form is static this is dynamic so just open your intellij id id

okay so i've already created a java class in the selenium package and i have

class in the selenium package and i have named it as selenium tutorial 7 so we're

named it as selenium tutorial 7 so we're going to implement our

going to implement our advanced xpath accesses in this uh

advanced xpath accesses in this uh selenium tutorial 7. so uh like the

selenium tutorial 7. so uh like the three lines is always the same in all

three lines is always the same in all the programs so first is the open the

the programs so first is the open the chrome browser that is the system.set

chrome browser that is the system.set property in which we have to specify the

property in which we have to specify the key value and the value that is present

key value and the value that is present that is the executable file you need to

that is the executable file you need to write over here and the key that we use

write over here and the key that we use is the

is the webdriver.chrome.driver because we're

webdriver.chrome.driver because we're launching the chrome browser the next

launching the chrome browser the next line that we write is the web driver

line that we write is the web driver driver is equal to new chrome driver and

driver is equal to new chrome driver and why do we write this i have explained in

why do we write this i have explained in the previous tutorials so you can go and

the previous tutorials so you can go and check out that

check out that the next thing that we're going to do is

the next thing that we're going to do is we are navigating to the url so we are

we are navigating to the url so we are going to use the driver.getcomma in

going to use the driver.getcomma in which we are going to navigate to the

which we are going to navigate to the particular url the next that we are

particular url the next that we are going to write is the maximizing the

going to write is the maximizing the window in which we are using the

window in which we are using the driver.manage.window.maximizecommand

okay so these are the three things that we are going to do so let's execute this

we are going to do so let's execute this and yeah we are exec we are

and yeah we are exec we are automating this table first and then we

automating this table first and then we will jump on to this page okay so first

will jump on to this page okay so first automate this one

automate this one so let's execute this first let's see we

so let's execute this first let's see we are whether we can launch the chrome

are whether we can launch the chrome browser or not

so our chrome browser is launched it's navigated

and it's maximized okay so so far our

so so far our this commands are working

this commands are working so let's get started with the xpath

so let's get started with the xpath access

access first important thing that we need to

first important thing that we need to identify is a self node on the basis of

identify is a self node on the basis of the self node we will identify the other

the self node we will identify the other relationships that is the ancestor the

relationships that is the ancestor the parent the descendants and everything

parent the descendants and everything okay

okay so first thing is we will identify the

so first thing is we will identify the self node so

self node so i take any of the

i take any of the column let me take this one okay so i'll

column let me take this one okay so i'll just click on inspect

and i'll be using the selectors hub xpath tool i have explained about the

xpath tool i have explained about the selectors hub in the previous tutorial

selectors hub in the previous tutorial how to install it so you can check out

how to install it so you can check out that i'll also give the link in the

that i'll also give the link in the description box to install it okay

description box to install it okay so uh this is the element that i

so uh this is the element that i inspected here you can see a rash

inspected here you can see a rash television network

television network so uh what i'll do is i will copy this

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