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Parts of the Brain

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okay let's move on to the parts of the

brain before i run out of time let's see

okay let's start with the hindbrain

we're gonna break it down into the

hindbrain the midbrain and the forebrain

um again i'm gonna oversimplify things here

here

um okay the hind brain is going to be

responsible for like automatic behaviors

and survival responses

um and so a lot of times it's called the

reptilian brain

uh chad and i were in couples counseling

several years ago i think

every couple should go to couples

counseling well i could go on for an

hour about why

i think every individual should go to

counseling every couple should go to

couples counseling

but every time one of us would get a

little bit like on edge

uh start getting like defensive or start arguing

arguing

uh and she would say you're using your

reptilian brain

i'm gonna need you to change from that

reptilian brain to the higher parts of

your brain

i'm just sitting inside thinking oh my

gosh okay whatever

but this is what the reptilian brain

kind of looks like if you look at the

images because

you know we see that it's got that brain

stem which is the medulla the pons

and the midbrain and maybe this is

supposed to be kind of like the

cerebellum or something but it does kind

of look like this it's that bottom part

of the brain

it's a really simplistic part of the

brain it is about survival responses

automatic behavior so it's not like

everything that's higher processing

that's that frontal part of the cerebral

cortex it's

like makes us incredible human beings

and thinkers

so whenever we go into this kind of

arguing survival mode she would say no

you're using your reptilian brain

so every time now i get a little bit mad

chad comes at me with

you're using your lizard brain i'm gonna

need you to use the higher levels of

your brain when you freaking son of a

god you're so good at making me laugh

when i'm mad and makes me even madder

throwing my own stuff back at me um but

i think of it as that lizard brain now

because of him

so we look and we have the medulla ah i

say medulla

medulla is what some people say i've

heard medulla i've heard tons of

different things i have medulla stuck in

my head

but i think medulla is what i hear more

of like the medical doctor say

uh so medulla is going to be the

vegetative functions which we've kind of

already covered but it's those automatic

processes of the autonomic nervous

system breathing blood pressure heart rate

rate

so this brain this part of the brain

does not make us human it makes us a

functioning animal kind of thing

other animals have this uh so vegetative functions

functions

think about those the autonomic nervous system

system

heart rate

okay the next is going to be the pawns

the pawns

this means bridge so we need

something to connect the spinal cord to

the brain

this is that's really the pond's

responsibility connects

brain and spinal cord so why i'm acting

like you know this isn't a really fancy

impressive part of the brain

without this we couldn't function every part

part

is important so connect the brain to the

spinal cord it's going to also regulate

brain activity during sleep

the pons plus the medulla pres plus the midbrain

midbrain

equals the brain stem

and now we have one other part of the

hind brain that i want to go through

and that's our little cauliflower little

brain cerebellum

i don't know why i love the cerebellum i

just think it's because it's

identifiable you look at the brain and

you see the cerebellum

it's that thing in the back and it looks

like cauliflower

or a piece of coral it means little brain

it receives messages from muscles

tendons joints and structures in our

ears to control balance

coordination movement and motor skills

so what do i think

sarah balance i turn every part of the

brain into some kind of girl

sarah balance balance is the main thing

i need y'all to know

uh alcohol really quickly impacts the cerebellum

cerebellum

so that's why they check do you have

coordination do you have balance yeah

can you do this can you walk in a

straight line kind of thing

they're trying to see if that alcohol

has impacted the cerebellum yet

so balance coordination

yeah let's put coordination coordination

now what this means is it could also

have to do with

proceed or this could have to do with

procedural memory

procedural memory is involved in

learning and remembering how to perform tasks

tasks

say your hippocampus is messed up that's

responsible for memory hippocampus

you still have a cerebellum that helps

you perform tests so you're going out

and learning

how to throw a baseball or learning how

to ski

you don't really process it in the same

part you're processing it partly in the

cerebellum because has to do with motor skills

skills

and so you can learn that and you can

get back out there and you can maintain

that kind of

memory yes you know how people have like

tourette's and they have those ticks

and their body just moves involuntarily yeah

yeah

is that part of us that is super that's

a super good question

because like if that's like it's like a movement

movement

usually or like they say something and

with the movement

yeah that may that's completely logical

the connection that you're making i

i don't know for sure um but i'm going

to look it up

it makes it's a really good question and

it makes total sense uh that this would

have to do with the cerebellum

um but there's other parts because

there's a motor cortex which is going to

be at the back of the frontal lobe so

maybe that has to do with it too

the brain is so complex but i'll look it

up and see if i can find anything

okay so it could have to do with

procedural memory i just need you all to

remember sarah balance

so if i say what does the cerebellum

have to do with balance

okay that's the hindbrain let's move on

the midbrain you can't see it so

sometimes it's called a hidden brain

you can see that hindbrain in the back

and then with the brain stem

you can see the cerebral cortex um but

you can't see the midbrain because it's

kind of

in the middle kind of thing now all i

need y'all to really know

is it contains a substantia substance

this secretes the neurotransmitter dopamine

dopamine

in psychology we're super interested in

dopamine because it has to do with pleasure

pleasure

okay so secretes dopamine was looking at

stuff yesterday there's also different

areas that process

dopamine and they're saying you know if

your brain isn't good at processing dopamine

dopamine

maybe you have trouble feeling pleasure

in life and then you're drawn to drugs

or drawn to food or drawn to

tv different things to somehow give you

that dopamine feeling

uh so dopamine super interesting uh

let's see overall the brain

the midbrain is going to help us orient

our eye and body movements help control

sleep and arousal

control sleep

and arousal now what i think about

next then is the reticular formation the

reticular formation runs to the core of

the hindbrain the midbrain

and the brainstem and it's responsible

for screening information and managing

our levels of alertness

and manage levels

without this i think this part's

fascinating because without it

we wouldn't be alert we perhaps would

not even be conscious

this is what keeps us turned on activated

activated

so it's extremely important without

may not be conscious so then you can

start to wonder

what parts have to do with if you if

you're in a coma

what parts are are kind of messed up or

involved uh loss of consciousness has to

do with the reticular formation

or with the thalamus which is what we're

about to go through the thalamus

receives all the sensory information and

sends it to the proper areas of the

cerebral cortex

we need that information to go in and

send to its proper areas

so coma has to do with reticuli

formation or the thalamus

and i'll post a link to like a 3d brain

so y'all can look at all these

structures i hope you'll get interested

in this stuff i think it's

super cool okay um we're going to talk

about the cerebral cortex but first

let's talk about the limbic system the

olympic system is part of the forebrain

this is going to be an interconnected

group of four brain structures

that are generally responsible for

emotions drives and memory

there we see three of the most important

parts emotions amygdala

drives the hypothalamus memory the hippocampus

hippocampus

um i add the thalamus here but there's a

debate does the thalamus actually

is a part of the limbic system some

books say yes some books say no

i'm going to put it here and but just

know if we remove one of the four

structures we're going to remove the

thalamus and put it by itself as not

part of the limbic system

they're responsible for emotions

okay first though let's talk about the thalamus

thalamus

this is a switchboard think about a

switchboard in like an air traffic

control center

it's going to receive information from

all the aircrafts and direct them to the

landing and takeoff area so if we're

talking about the thalamus it's going to

receive input from all sensory systems

except for one system smell smell is

routed differently smell is routed by

the hippocampus and the amygdala

so whenever you smell something

sometimes you're flooded with memories

and flooded with emotion

it's because it's processed differently

through the brain but all other sensory

information goes through the thalamus

and then it's sent to the appropriate

cortical areas the appropriate areas of

that cerebral cortex

and send to

proper cortical areas

okay also transmit some higher brain

uh function or info to the cerebellum

medulla but we don't really need to know that

that

the next part i'm going to go through is

the hypothalamus hypo means under

so the hypothalamus is under the

thalamus hypothalamus

this is definitely part of the limbic

system i started to think about this

for the body it needs to regulate the

body's internal environment including

temperature control

regulate internal environment it always

it does this by regulating the endocrine

system is the big one but also the autonomic

autonomic

nervous system so mainly it controls the

nervous system okay do you all remember

the master gland of the endocrine system

the endocrine system is a series of

glands throughout the body that

the body that released hormones what's

the tell me jordan what's the master gland

gland

you got it i do you know this stuff i

can see you over there like shaking your head

head

the pituitary gland is the master gland

the pituitary gland has a master of its own

own

that's the hypothalamus so if the

hypothalamus is controlling the

pituitary it's controlling the endocrine

system which is controlling

your basic motives so this is the master

control center for

yeah emotions but really let's memorize

basic motives

that's hunger thirst sex and aggression

think all that stuff that's controlled by

faster control center for basic motives

i'm trying to go so fast let's see hunger

hunger

thirst sex

so why do i think of it like a

thermostat well it's like okay the

therm's down here if it starts getting

too cold we need to turn on the heat so

the thermostat sends the message to the

whatever system

to turn on heat so that's kind of like

what the hypothalamus does with every

all these kind of basic motives in the

body let's move on to

the uh amygdala

the amygdala is our primary focus of the

limbic system in psychology because like

i said a bunch of times already

it has to do with emotion i think amy

amy g dallas she is so emotional

we care a lot about this um it's mainly

going to be

aggression and fear the production and

regulation of emotions especially

so if you stimulate this in like a rat

electrically stimulate this they will

get super aggressive

if you remove it entirely they will

become completely indifferent even in

the face of things that should terrify them

them

so this has a lot to do with fear and

aggression but emotions overall

okay we have one more part of the

limbic system and that's the hippocampus

yes mary

you would think that it would have to do

with yeah fear uh would be theirs like

maybe you have an overactive amygdala

you hear this with a lot of

psychological disorders when they talk

about the structures of the brain

it's something's going on with the

amygdala uh so that's absolutely a good

yeah i mean i wonder gosh i want to look

up if anyone's ever been born without an amygdala

things don't scare them remember i said

with a psychopath they need more to

stimulate them like

for us we feel freaked out by things

certain things

for them they need that times 20 in

order to get freaked out so yeah

these parts of the brain are going to be

malfunctioning i can't imagine somebody

without an

amygdala like that would be that would

be crazy uh so i want to look that up

um okay what would you say mary why

write the next thing

like anger issues on your management yes

what is the same thing i i would think

now again you know i'm over simplifying everything

everything

but the amygdala is really important to

us when it comes to these emotions so yeah

yeah

if there's anybody that's having

problems with like over

overpowering emotions then we would

think something's up with the amygdala

and that's why if you take abnormal

psychology for each disorder we go through

through

these are the parts of the brain that

we're concerned about and it's almost

always the amygdala is involved

with other structures okay so the

i think what animal has the best memory

an elephant

what animal looks a lot like an elephant

a hippo

i don't know what any sense to anyone

else but for me it's always art so

hippocampus is memory yeah

and so the forming and retrieving of memories

memories

okay uh cerebral cortex i gotta go go go

three minutes

so hippocampus is memory and then we're

gonna go to the last part of the

forebrain is that cerebral

cortex this is

the i keep saying magic but this is the

magic part of the ring this

is like so freaking special this is that

outer bark

okay you can think about the brain like

a set of russian nesting dolls the outer

part is super

fancy it's like all this gold detail and

just tons of detail overall

super complex and then russian nesting

dolls you open it up and there's a

smaller doll a smaller doll smaller

smaller you get down to the one in the

center and it's like basically even

barely looks like a human being there's

like barely eyes there's no detail

you think about the brain that way

that's a hind brain it's like so

simplistic no detail

but the cerebral cortex is the outer one

that's like oh

this is magical it's responsible for

complex behaviors and higher mental

processes it's the essence of human life

complex behaviors

higher processes mental processes

essence of life this is what makes us

us what really what part of this that

really makes us us is the frontal part

of it if you ever hear me say prefrontal

cortex that's going to be

the frontal part of the cerebral quartz

it's got the cervical cortex overall has

30 billion neurons

if you look at uh different animals fish

have none of this reptiles have a little

primates have a lot

humans have a whole whole lot it's the

last structure in the nervous system to

develop both individually and in terms

of evolution

meaning this is still developing in your

brain this is a reason why you should

not do drugs right now

you should not be smoking marijuana you

should consider everything that you put

into your body because your cerebral quartets

quartets

the magic that is you is still

developing you don't want to mess this

up at all if you want to do drugs wait

till this

is done it's not done until 25 at the

earliest maybe 28 maybe early 30s

medications like antidepressants and

stuff yes and that's what i meant

not crazy yeah and it's why you want to

be careful even with

that kind of stuff uh giving that to

teens giving that to

young adults but um it seems that

antidepressants are pretty safe

and but you do want to look at that i i

think that we have to value

uh medications because there's some

people that really need them

i mean if it becomes a either the person

attempts suicide or they take an

antidepressant you take an

antidepressant kind of thing

um or take a mood stabilizer take

whatever you need

to get you through so you can live life

kind of thing

okay last to develop in terms of

now if you took the cerebral cortex out

of the head and you spread it out

it's like a two by two foot square like

a little mini rug

jammed up into your head so that's why

it's got all these like you know

convolutions those

wrinkles it's about one eighth of an

inch thick

um let's see we can divide it into four lobes

lobes

i know i have like one minute i don't

have one minute i don't have one minute i

uh can i destroy i'm gonna post a video

then of the four logs it's super easy

the frontal is the magic part of us it's

going to be everything higher like

thinking personality emotion memory

processing motor control

speech like everything that

distinguishes us from other animals is

the front part

the parietal part this is i call the

redheaded stepchild of the lobes because

everyone forgets it

it's located right here a student

started doing this one day and now i'll

never forget

they said their parent used to flick

them in the head right here every time

they did something wrong

so parietal it's a whole lot like parent

this is pain and pressure

so it has to do with pain and pressure

touch temperature location of body parts

the parietal occipital think eyes in the

back of your head that has to do with vision

vision

temporal it's right above the ears it

has to do with hearing i think about tempo

tempo

temporal above the ears hearing those

are the four lobes the one thing i wrote

on here was purpose collosum

colossum i think of callus that's a

callus band of neural fibers that

connects the two hemispheres

everything i just said in the last

minute i'll post a video that says it

more slowly

so that you'll have it in your notes

thank you so much for showing up today

you guys are awesome hopefully more people

people

show up next week and we get back to

normal we'll see you ellie

thank you everybody online and sonay i

just saw that you said pituitary gland

nice work

let me know if anyone needs anything i'm

here for you guys i hope everyone's okay

please reach out i have no one emailing

me right now so i'm kind of lonely so

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YouTube Transcript:
Parts of the Brain