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RPH, CHAPTER 2: Revisiting Corazon’s Speech Before the US Congress

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hello good day everybody welcome back to

our subject readings in Philippine

history we are still in our chapter two

which is all about the content and

contextual analysis of selected primary

sources in the Philippine history

so our topic for today will be the uh

last discussion under chapter two this

will be the uh last primary source that

we are going to identify or examine its

context and as well as context so again

this will be the last primary source

that we need to examine it's content and

its context for us to know deeply what

happened in this uh certain events and

we had our first primary source which is

all about the uh a brief summary of the

first voyage around the world by maalan

by Antonio Pega

fetta the second primary

source was the KKK and the caran and

Katipunan thirdd is the readings uh I

mean reading the proclamation of the Philippine

Philippine

Independence and our previous discussion

was all about a glance at the selected

uh uh Philippine political caricature in

Alfred McCoy's Philippine cartoon

or the political caricature of the

American era from 1900s to 1941 and now

this will be the last primary source

which is all about the

revisiting corazona Kino speech before

US Congress so in this topic we are going

going

to uh know and witness the corinos

speech and we can take cues not just on

Cory his uh individual ideas and

aspiration but also the guiding

principles and framework of the

government that she represented but

first let's take a look in the

background of Corazon aino so Maria

Corazon Cory sumulong quango aino mon

complete name was born on January 25

1933 in paniki Tarlac

she was born to The

prominent prominent quango family if we say

say

prominent important or or a famous

family and she served as the 11 take

note 11th President of the Philippines

no and take note that uh she served as

the 11th President of the Philippines

from February 25

1986 until June 303

1992 another is that uh died on August 1

2009 at Ma Medical Center at the age of

76 and she graduated at Far Eastern

University after graduating from

college uh Corey aino studied law at Far

Eastern University in

1953 okay next

Corino she was a Filipino politician who

served as the 11th President of the

Philippines and the first woman to hold

that office again first woman to hold

that office and she was the first

democratically elected president no

again first to

highlight democratically elected

president and first famale president in

Asia and if I'm not mistaken kakino was

indeed the first famale president not

only in Asia but also in the entire

world next she was the most prominent

figure of the 1986 People Power

Revolution because uh Corey aino became

a prominent figure a Philippine history

for her role in The People Power

Revolution in 19 86 which uh she led the out

out

orwa or mahawa president Marcos and restore

restore

democ and 11th president s

Philippines Mark as a significant moment

in the Philippine history and pave the

way for another famale leaders in as IIA

and around the world and also she was

named in a Time magazines as a woman of

the year in 1986 prior of this she had

not held any other elective office

B prior experience in elective office or in

politics leadership during at critical

period Philippine history she earned respect

respect

both domestically and internationally

internationally

and uh

presidency uh paved the way for the

Philippines to regain its Democratic and

para inspired and Oban women in politics

globally next is that she was married

to senator benno aino againa married to

Senator benino aino Jr the Stan chest

correcty Corino was married

oror benno aino

aino

Pro prominent no prominent opposition

figure in the stound chest stound

critique of President

Ferdinand Marcos Nino

aino no nino aino was a former Senator

and had been a vocal critic of Marcos

especially authoritarian Rule and

Corruption during the terms of Marcos

and she Cor aino emerged as a leader of

the opposition after he uh her husband

assassinated on August 21 1983 upon

roring to the Philippines from Exile in

the United States so see Cory aino

central figure in this in the call for

Democratic reforms and uh standing

against the authoritarian rule of

President Ferdinand

Marcos Emer

emergence as in leader was fluid no by

the uh tragic event of her husband's

assassination and the desire for

so speechy but before proceed

speech ill and death of Cory aino so on March

March

24 2008 aino family announced that the

former president had diagnosed with colal

colal

cancer upon her being earlier informed

by her doctors that she had only three

months to leave so she pursued medical

treatment and

chemotherapy so uh kakino the former

president of the Philippines was

diagnosed with colal cancer so colal

cancer disase in which cells in the

colon or rectum grow out of control so

she was uh diagnosed with this type of

cancer in March

24 uh 2008 despite undergoing

treatment undergoing treatment including

uh surgery and chemotherapy medical

treatment and chemotherapy Corey aino

pass away on August take note passed

away on August s

August August okay namat on

year9 okay her battle with uh coloral

tenser brought attention to the

importance of early detection and

treatment of the disease so a series of

healing for aino were held throughout

the country intended for her recovery

because Cory aino known Woulda as

devoted in Catholic faith and her

illness uh garnered

widespread public concern and sympathy

and also during put time Catholic Church

being a significant institution in the

Philippines played a central role in

providing both uh spiritual and

emotional Comfort to the nation during

challenging time times such as the

health struggles of the prominent

figur Corey

aino in a public uh statement during one

healing mass on May 13 2008 Corey aino

said that her blood test indicated that

she was responding well no responding

well to treatment her hair and appetite

lost were apparent so during s healing

on May 13

208 uh 20

so statement about health condition in that

that

statement blood test uh indicated

positive progress in response cancer

treatment that she was undergoing

however the

acknowledge some visible effects

treatment such as hair loss and lost of appetite

appetite

no and Maria coron Cory sumulong kakino

function as the symbol of the

restoration again take note symbol of

restoration of democracy and the

overthrow of the Marcos dictatorship in

1986 yes that's correct that Corey

played a crucial role in the restoration

of democracy in the Philippines she

became a symbol of People Power

Revolution year 1986 which uh led to the

overthrow of the long uh stand

authoritarian regime of President Ferdinand

Marcos next here is this one

so uh the EDSA People Power Revolution

which installed Corey aino in the

presidency put the Philippines in the

international Spotlight for overthrowing

a dictator through peaceful means so the

the is a People Power Revolution in 198

uh6 bro uh International Spotlight now

attention to the Philippines

and event took place along the

EPO de los Santos Avenue or EDSA Mai

major highway in Metro Manila and this

event P was last lasted from February 22

People Power Revolution was often cited

no was often cited as an inspiration for

another movement advocating for

democracy and human rights around the

world and Cory was easily a figure of

the said Revolution as the Widow of the

slain maros oppositionist and former

Senator Beno noinoi aino Jr therefore cor

cor

aino corino's role in uh role Nia Eda

People Power Revolution was deeply

connected personal history and the

tragic events surrounding the assassination

assassination

husband Senator Beno Nino aino Jr in

1983 next Corey was hoisted as the

antithesis of the Ator no anti thisis of

dictator indeed that candidacy Corey and

her subsequent uh presidency symbolize a

break from the oppressive rule of U

Marcos and that's why Corey was hoisted

no Corey was hoisted as the

antithesis of the dictator which was

Marcos next is theod her image is a

morning widowed uh housewife who had

always been in the the shadow of her

husband and relatives and had no

experience take note had no experience

in politics was just oppose against

marus statement stat menhip eloquence

Charisma and cunning political skills C

Corey was uh portrayed as a grieving

Widow limited political experiences and

this was cons uh this uh yes this was

con contract Ed sharply Kang Marcos who

was depicted as a very skilled and very

charismatic statement which political abilities

or in terms politics so neverless P Cory

was able to capture the imagination of

the people whose rights and freedom had

long been compromised throughout the

Marcos regim so indeed that corzan aino

was able to capture the imagination of

the Filipino people who had suffered

years of political repression human

rights uh violation of Human Rights

corruption and Marcus regim and her

personal story as the graving Widow of

uh Senator benno added a powerful and

emotional Dimension to her candidacy and

Cory aino became a symbol of resilience

hope and fight for the country's uh

democracy this is despite that the fact

that Corey came from a Hender family in

Tarlac and owned vast state of sugar

Plantation and H relative occupy local

local and national government position

so it's true that c Cory aino came from

a prominent and a wealthy political

family in Tarlac no so um

uh I mean her family the Quang of family

no had had a uh history of involvement

in both local and national government

positions or politics so what happened

in the People Power Revolution of 1986

so let's see some happenings during the

People Power Revolution of

1986 so the People Power Revolution of

1986 was widely recognized no widely

think not how widely recognized around

the world for its

peaceful character or peaceful

Revolution and the People Power

Revolution of 1986 the

Philippines it gained

or Global recognition for its peaceful

Revolution

Filipinos NE gathered

alonga protest against the authoritarian

rule of President ferdinan Marcos so

when former Senator Nino aino was shoot

at the

tarmac of the Manila International

Airport August 21

1983 the Marcus regim greatly suffered a

crisis of legitimacy no because the

protest from different sectors

frequented different areas in the

country and on August 21 19 uh 83 no

former um Senator Beno Nino aino Jr he

was ass assassinated at the tarmak of

Manila International Airport so the

implication is that this event

significantly uh damaged the legitimacy

of Marcus region so the crisis of

legitimacy K crisis of legitimacy

suggest that government

face severe lose of public trust and

credibility due to controversial circumstances

circumstances

also students religious groups Business

Leaders to every day citizen organize

and participate in the revolution and

this protest where a manifestation of

the widespread dis

dissatisfaction Sam Marcos government

questioning its credibility and

governance and Mark a torning point in

Philippine political history eventually

contributing to the People Power

Revolution so Marcus credibility in the

International Community also suffered

paired with a looming economic crisis

Marcus had to do something to prove to

his allies in the United State that he

remained to be a

democratically anointed uh leader of the

country so the assassination of Nino

aino not only sparked domestic Perle but

also nakad damage

president H Ferdinand Marcos on the

international stage no Nala or down

credibil Marcos and an uh impending

economic crisis threatened by the

stability s Philippines and in response

challenges no and to reassure his

allies in the United States s Marcos was

compelled to take actions to demonstrate

that he's still the legitimate

Democratic leader of the country which

is Philippines so Marcos called for a

snap election in February 1986 where

Cory aino the Widow of slain Senator was

convinced to run no Cory aino was

convinced to run against Marcus so snap

election so if we say snap election is

an election called earlier than expected

or scheduled so in an attempt to

stabilize his regim and prove his

Democratic legitimacy himself Marcos

both domestically and

internationally Ferdinand Marcos

nag snap election in February

February

1896 and Cory the Widow assassinated

Senator Nino aino was persuaded to run

against Marcos in this

election so the canvasing was riged to

maros favor but the people expressed

their protest uh people expressed their

protest against the corrupt and

authoritarian government because during

the snap election in February 1986 in

the Philippines allegations of

widespread El uh El uh

electoral electoral fraud and

manipulation emerg with a canvassing of

votes no conving of votes heavily

criticized for being rigged in favor of

Marcos leading military officials of the

region and martial law orchestrators

themselves Juan p eni and Fidel V Ramos

plotted to take over the presidency

until civilians heed the call of the

Manila Arch Bishop haime cardinal sin no

and other civilian leaders gathered in in

EDSA and that's correct because during

the EDSA People Power Revolution in

1986 Juan Pon enre was the minister they

cannot have minister of defense and

cidel Ramos uh the vice Chief of Staff

of the Armed

Forces so

this military official in Rel and Ramos

both of them had been associated with

the Marcus regim and the implementation

of Martial law and initially plotted to

take over the presidency of Ferdinand

Marcos however plans to talk an

unexpected turnor when

Cardinal AR Bishop of Manila is call to

the public to support the the rebel

military leaders in response to this

call along with the urging of the other

civilian leaders masses of ordinary

Filipinos gathered at EDSA torning the

military rebellions into a people's

movement shot next is the overwhelming

presence of civilians in tsas

successfully torn EOP into a civilian

demonstration the thousands of people

who gathered over through Ferdinand

Marcos from the presidency after

21 years indeed the overwhelming

presence of civilians in EDSA during uh

People Power Revolution in 1986 played a

decisive role in torning what initial

began as a military cou into a massive

and peaceful civilian uh demonstration

so the collective action of thousands if

not millions of Filipinos from lahi or

various walks of lifea along EDSA

creating a human barricade against any violent

violent

escalation and uh this peaceful assembly

fueled by by the uh determination of

ordinary citizens and the withdrawal of

support from K military and political

figures effectively led to the

overthrow of Ferdinand Marcos from the

presidency after his 21y year rule

so that's what happened in the People

Power Revolution of 1986

1986

so this is

a a picture of the new president no

Corazon aino takes uh her off as a

president marking the culmination of the

4 day People Power Revolution in

1986 so next picture this is the 4-day

event from February 22 to 25 will

forever be Etch in history as the

bloodless Revolution which uh culminated

with the end of a dictatorship that was

also marked by a human rights violation

violation

so during the People Power

Revolution and Cory aino together with

uh this Filipino people say Revolution

so a thousand of Filipino

Filipinos took to the streets and

clamored for freedom from the two deade

Iron Fist rule of then president

Ferdinand Marcos

banana and this is Ferdinand Marcos uh

final speech after his inauguration and

before his flight to Hawaii and

Ferdinand Marcos held on the presidency

from 1965 until the apprising forced him

and his family to leave the country in

1986 after the People Power Revolution

uh his to DED rule saw the imposition of

Martial law and various human rights

abuses especially against those he deem

critical of the

government and the Marcus family here

the Marcus family moments after taking

his oth of office in ceremonies in

February 25 1986 so

NAA Marcos and the Marcos uh the

children of Marcos SI bong bong iy and

Irene part and now let's see and witness

the content of the speech of President coron

coron

aino this is a speech to a joint session

of the US Congress delivered 18th of

September 1986 Washington District of

Colombia so on 18th of September 1986 7

months since Corey became president she

went to the United State and spoke

before the joint session of the US

Congress Corey was welcomed with a long

Applause as she talked to the podium and

address the United State about her

presidency and the challenges faced by

the new Republic so approximately seven

months into her presidency Corey aino

traveled to uh United States during her

visit she addressed a joint

session of the United State Congress no

the speech was a significant moment in

the Philippine American relation and an

opportunity for president aino to share

uham vision for the Philippines update

the US government and the development in

her uh Administration and of course seek

support for the country's political and

economic stability and aino speech uh

emphasize democratic values and the

commitment to rebuilding the Philippines

after the disruptive years under

Demarcus regim so she began Her speech

with a story of her leaving the United

State three years prior as as newly

elected wife of noinoi

aino and she then told that uh and she

then told of noinoi Nino's

character convection and resol and

opposing authoritarianism of Marcos she

talk of the three times that they lost

no she talk she talked three times that

they lost n noi

including on Aug uh 23 the first time was

was

when uh the dictatorship detained dinoy

with other denters denter oppose in

politics or oppose law in relation to

the politics so Cory related so

with this statement No the government

treated um him very badly putting uh

Nino aino in a small and stuffy cell

earless ha in a Mil in a military camp

and threatening to harm him despite this

Nino stayed for p days 43 days they

didn't tell his family where he was and

making feel them like they had lost inoi so

family so this was the first Detention

of noo aino next Cory

part I know you know how to read Nam so

Cory explain that after surviving the

first uh detention face serious charges

like subversion murder and other crimes

so he was Tried by a military court but

noo strongly doubted it's fairness

noo fairness in protest um he went on

Hunger Strike refusing to eat for 40

days no fasting for 40 days to empath is

objected objection to the proceedings

and Cory treated this event as the

second time that they that their family

lost noo so

again face SES sub uh sub verion monish

uh attempting to undermine the

government and M and other crimes next

and Corey

said is summarized that uh n no faced

charges like submersion and murder

leading to a military commission trial

no leading to a military uh commission

trial so in response G challenge si uh n

no challenge noi with the authority of

the commission and went on a fasting s viewing

viewing

survival as a sign

from God no intended him for another Fai

despite the government's effort to keep

him alive after his brain was affected H

Nino ended his fast on a 40th Day so his

determination to see the fast through

demonstrated his unwavering commitment

to his cause and that's the second when

they lost Ino so Nino's death was the

third and the last time again Nino's

death was the third third and the last

time that Cory and their children

children lost Eno so she continued so

through this passage no Cory aino losing

someone was in a painful

way political circumstances so the new

came to us in

Boston it had to be after the three

happiest of our lives together though according

according

per and the courage and Faith by which

so no as uh nothing

nothing dictator

Marcos uh 2

million people

no aside

actively

attendo and this signifies if powerful Collective

Collective

enough

cementerio and Corey attributed the

peaceful itsa Revolution to the

martyrdom of nooi she stated that the

death of nooi sparked the Revolution and

the responsibility of offering the Democratic

Democratic

alternative and had fallen on her

shoulders so Cory's address introduced

as to her Democratic philosophy which

she claimed she also acquired from

noinoi so Cory credited the peaceful Ida

Revolution to noo martyrdom

stating noo was ignited

Uprising and inspiring them to raise up

no in demand for change and democracy

she expressed no also s cor Express a

sense of responsibility

to uh provide a democratic alternative

no Democratic Al

alternative Mona a duty that she felt

had fallen on her shoulder so Cory

address unveiled her Democratic philosophy

influence

influence in shaping her vision for the

country's future and craving for

democracy so she are aru so with this

statement No Cory aino expressed his

unwavering belief in

democracy belief in democracy following

n's principle even challenging

circumstances like riged in 19 uh 84

snap election under martial law despite

warnings from lawyers of dictator no

because Cory choose to engage trusting

in the people's intelligence and viewing

it is it as a way to prepare them for a

future democracy and to test or gauge

the opposition's strength even if that

participating might legitimize a fraudulent

fraudulent

process so statement nolight cor aino

miraculous Victory as a result

miraculous Victory as a result of people

struggle during her speech and you

discuss Saia initial action no initial

action as the president of the newly restored

restored

president of the Philippines no and

emphasize intention to Foster

reconciliation reconciliation after s

div uh divisive dictatorship

of um Marcos so Corey also emphasized

the signific ific no significance of

itsa People Power Revolution describing

it as a limited Revolution limited

Revolution yes limited Revolution that

respected the life and freedom of every

Filipino Citizen and with this it

suggests a commitment to a peaceful

transition and a focus on unity in the

afterm of turbulent period in the n in

nation's history

she also boasted of the restoration of

fully constitutional government whose

Constitution gave outmost respect to the

Bill of Rights no so Bill of Rights Bill

of Rights summary of fundamental rights and

and

privileges uh guaranteed to a people

against violation by the government so

Cory reported to the US Congress so

restore democracy by ways of

democracy so this implies that the

transition from dictatorship to

democracy is being carried out in

accordance with Democratic principles and

and

processes completing the Constitutional

structure so this could mean uh

finalizing and implementing the legal

and institutional framework that governs

the country under the new democratic system

system

and a full respect for Bill of Rights

and dra which be submitted later this

year to a popular

referendum this means that the people

will have a direct say in accepting or

rejecting the proposed constitutional

changes and caning election for both

national and local positions this marked

a k step in the establishment of a fully

functional democratic government

allowing citizens of Philippines to

choose their representatives at various

levels of governance so Corey then

proceed proceeded on her peace agenda

with existing communist uh Insurgency

aggravated by the

dictatorial uh yes a aggravated by

dictatorial and authoritarian measure of

Insurgency

and CH Cory aino embarked on a peace

agenda peace

agenda aim resolving the

Insurgency no insur uh Insurgency

through nonmilitary [Music]

[Music]

asserted summarize and hampered by

rights it

suggests a disregard for principles such

as individual freedoms dignity and fair

treatment and possibly oppressive

measures that uh violated human rights

standard and Corey's peace agenda

involves political initiatives and

reintegration program to persuade

insurgents to leave the country side and

return to the mainstream Society to

participate in restoration of democracy

and she invoked the path of Peace

because she believed that it was the

moral path that a moral government must

take so k a statement underscore Nisha

about Cory aino peace agenda that

consists of political initiatives and

reintegration program

a is convincing

insurgents abandon rural areas and

reintegrate into a mainstream Society so

the overarching goal is their um active

involvement in restoring democracy

democracy so the mention of invoking the

path of Peace reflects ao's belief in

the moral responsibility of a government

to pursue in nonviolent means

nevertheless uh with this no statement

No suggest despite prioritizing peace

see Corey is very firm or very matatag

in her commitment protect freedom and

democracy when they are under threat and

why

mag against freedom and democracy

with this statement also convey like

Abraham Lin Abraham linc 16 president

from United States so C Corey recognizes

the potential necessity of using Force

before considering mercy and she is very

determined no now to take whatever

measures are required para is Safeguard

Integrity freedom of her country which

is the Philippines

so with this statement also Corey toring

to address the controversial issue of

the Philippine foreign debt amounting 26

billion at the time of her speech

highlights a critical

Financial um challenge soing Dept had

significantly increased during the

Marcos regim implying a legacy of financial

financial

burdens Financial burdens that the

country had to navigate and Cor

acknowledgement and approach to this

issue would be crucial in understanding

her policy Direction and

properties in addressing The Economic

Consequences of the past administration

and Corey expressed her intention to

honor this depths despite mentioning

that people did not benefit from such

death and thus she uh mentioned his

protestation about the way Philippines

was deprived of choices to pay those

debt Within the capacity of uh Filipino

people statement No indicate that s

Corino voiced her concerned about the

limited option available to Philippines

for paying its uh utang in a manner that

was sustainable or manageable for uh its

Citizen and her focus on the capacity of

debt highlight concern for the economic

welfare and sity of her country which is the

the

Philippines and she

lamented it Highlights part no it

highlights the situation faced by the

Philippines at the time with the burden

of substantial foreign debt that need to

be addressed

reflect Corey aino with her frustration

with a condition to the Philippine death

or utang which she perceived as having

been incured without direct

benefits Filipino

people next she continue that while the

country had experienced the calamities

brought about by the corrupt

dictatorship of Marcus no commensurate

assistance was yet to be extended to

Philippines and she even remarked that

given the peaceful character of its a

People Power Revolution ours must have

been the cheapest Revolution ever so yes

the chiefest revolution ever reflects on

the peaceful uh nature of the apprising that

that

led maros in February 1986 unlike

retion involv of significant violence

and destruction People Power Revolution

was largely nonviolent with millions of

people Gathering and demonstrating

demand chain and

and

statement uh about fulfilling the most

difficult condition of death NE uh neg

negotiation refer to uh to the

restoration of democracy

and responsible government and statement

it highlights the willingness of even

the poorest and unemployed Filipinos to

offer their Liv for the ca of democracy

gemphase Marcos dep commitment among the

Filipino to democratic principles and

their desire no for a government that

was accountable and responsive to its people

people

so B Cory aino slums

area food money [Applause]

[Applause]

materials need is democracy

Lang and

Philippines NPA or New People's

Army so Cory further lamented that these

problems worsed worsened by the

crippling depth because half of the

countes export earning amounting to $2

billion would go to pay just the

interest of the debt who benefited the

receive and Cory then asked rather

compelling questions to the US Congress

question so AO appeal was not just for

economic Assistance or death relief but

for moral and political support as the

Philippines navigated the challenges of

rebuilding its institution and economy

in aftermath of dictatorship and Corey

ended Her speech by thanking America for

serving as home to her family for what

she referred to as the three happiest

years of lives together she enjoyed

America in building the Philippines as

new home for democracy and tning the

count is a shining Testament of our two

Nations commitment to Freedom so aino

eloquent closing not only expressed

gratitude but also laid out uh a vision

for a future in which Philippines and

the United States continue to stand

together in defense of democracy so this

Vision aimed to inspire uh both Nations

to work toward a relationship that was

not just trans sectional but deeply

rooted in a mutual commitment to the

principles of freedom and democracy so

therefore uh revisiting coron aino

speech before the US Congress no it

provides a compelling insight into a

pivotal moments in the Philippine

history and its relation with the United

States so uh her address not only

underscored the challenges faced by the

pH Philippines in the aftermath of the

Marcos dictatorship but also uh

highlighted the shared values and

potential for collaboration between two

countries and that is the end of our

discussion thank you so much for

watching I hope you learn something new thank

thank you

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