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Pemikiran Ki Hadjar Dewantara dan Implementasinya dalam Kebijakan Pendidikan (ep.1)
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Hi Ki Hajar Dewantara's thoughts and the
[Music]
hey hey hai hai
Hi their learning policy
launched by the Minister of Education
Nadiem Makarim in early 2020 was
inspired by the thoughts of
our Father of Education Ki Hajar Dewantara Ki
Hajar Dewantara introduced a
school system that is based on three
main ideas, namely Tamansiswa Pamong
and Among in the teaching and
learning process of students
in the park is identical to a playground
that brings joy and
beauty to visitors so the
student park is a school system that is a
playground for students
where students are given the freedom to
grow and develop learning according to
their desires and abilities which are
equipped with support in the
student learning process by teachers according to the
needs of each student
individually Among emphasizes students
as the main target and the
main priority that must be served and teachers
who function as facilitators
provide guidance, care and affection
affection
Hi In addition, the Among principle is based
on two things, the first is the freedom of
students to learn, the second is learning
that is in accordance with the desires and
abilities of students that are naturally
formed, the button is analogous to a
farmer planting rice where the farmer
cannot determine which direction the
Paddle will grow in this case the task of
teaching both in the Among principle or
Pamong is more to pay attention to the interests,
talents and abilities of students and
provide the necessary support
for student development without
reducing the desire of students to grow
and develop
Hi, teacher support is more done
through psychological support including
providing inspirational motivation and
providing the conditions needed for
students to be able to think critically
independently in their learning process
However, teachers must play an
active role when students experience difficulties
in their learning process. Interested
in learning Ki Hajar Dewantara
in more detail? Let's
listen to the following podcast. We will
discuss who Ki Hadjar is. What is
his life story? What are
his thoughts and his contribution
to education in Indonesia until the
emergence of the Independent Learning policy
in Indonesia. Ki Hajar Dewantara
has the real name Raden Mas Suryadi
Suryaningrat. He was born on
26 eeee 1889. His father was a
Javanese king who we know as Jogja
today with the title of pakualam tiga named
Pangeran Haryo Suryaningrat. As
a nobleman, Ki Hajar Dewantara
was privileged to
attend a Dutch school from
elementary school to high school.
Ki Hajar's father also gave him a
rap teacher to learn Javanese history,
literature, and Islamic religion, where
these lessons instilled
nationalism in Kihajar after
graduating from elementary school in In 1943,
he continued his education at a
college where he met
Doctor Wahidin Sudirohusodo on the
recommendation of Doctor Wahidin Sudirohusodo.
Kihajar received a scholarship to
study at STOVIA. STOVIA is a
Dutch medical school for
natives which was established for the purpose of
controlling native nobles through
indoctrination to be loyal to the
Dutch government. Furthermore, at STOVIA,
besides meeting Doctor Wahidin
Sudirohusodo, Kihajar also met
Douwes Dekker or what we usually know
as Multatuli and students
throughout the Dutch East Indies or the name of
Indonesia during the colonial period. The meeting
with the Dutch East Indies students
initiated the struggle
for independence from colonialism, one
of which was through the formation of a
youth organization called Budi Utomo on
May 20, 1908. Kihajar did not
complete his education at STOVIA
due to health reasons so he was
absent from many lecture activities. After
dropping out of school, he became a journalist at
several newspapers, Sebio Tomo in Jogja,
Midden-Java in Semarang, De Express in
Bandung, Oetoesan Hindia in Surabaya, and
Cahaya Timur. In Malang, through his
journalism activities, Kihajar was able to
convey his thoughts in
criticizing the Dutch government
and fostering the nationalism of the
natives. Ki Ajar was also considered a
smart and sharp journalist and was
critical of the Dutch government.
On September 6, 1912, Kihajar
formed the Indispersion with Doctor
Cipto Mangunkusumo and Douwes Dekker. At
their height, we know them as the
Triumvirate. Dramatic changes occurred in
Kihajar's life. On
August 18, 1913, he was exiled to the
Netherlands due to his criticisms of the
Dutch colonial government.
One of his criticisms was an article
entitled "If I Were a Dutchman." The
article criticized the celebration of 100
years of Dutch independence where the costs
for the celebration were collected from the
natives. The following is an excerpt from his article: If
I Were a Dutchman,
I would not celebrate the
independence of my nation in a country whose
people were not given
independence. If I were a Dutchman, at
this very moment, I would protest the need to
hold the celebration, but I am not
a Dutchman. I am only a
son of this country, a native in
this Dutch colony. Therefore, I
will not protest. As an inlander,
I am obliged to participate in celebrating the
independence day of the Netherlands. namely the land of
[Music]
during Kihajar's exile in the Netherlands
so that something that seems bad But
produces something good in the end
the end
Hi At that time Kihajar studied at the
teacher training college and
got a teaching certification during his
studies Yazar studied the thoughts of
international education figures
such as Frederick Roberts Maria
Ki Hajar Dewantara's thoughts were largely
shaped by Frobel Montessori and
Tagore Ki Hadjar's thoughts
then formed the basis of the education system
in Indonesia, especially the policy of Merdeka
Belajar we will discuss this theme
in the next episode of the Dihajar podcast
Hi another wisdom gained from
Ki Hajar Dewantara's exile to the
Netherlands was the opportunity to
discuss directly with the
Dutch kingdom about the conditions of the Dutch East Indies
he conveyed the conditions of the Dutch East Indies
which suffered due to
discrimination policies and rules in
many aspects of life including
education trade plantations taxes
and others from the Dutch colonial government
Hi the discussion gave rise to
pros and cons in the Dutch Kingdom which in
the end on August 17, 1945 Ajar
returned to Indonesia
Hi Ki Hajar Dewantara's thoughts on
education and teaching were formed from
three figures namely Frobel Montessori and Tagore
Tagore
Hi trouble argued that education that
Effective for children and teenagers
is done naturally through the
freedom to express their opinions and
creativity by using
songs and games as a medium
without any pressure from teachers and
parents better known as
children's friends or friend shoulders
Montessori emphasizes the
development of psychology of relatives, namely
curiosity, motivation and enthusiasm for learning
and learning without fear of being blamed
as very important things in the
child's learning process he also believes
that parents and teachers should not
force their will on children
Tagore emphasizes education on the
freedom and independence of children to
form and express their
own opinions in any form Ki Hajar Dewantara
Dewantara
tried to form an education system in
Indonesia based on the development of
ideas from Frobel Montessori and
Tagore in Ki
Hadjar's thoughts education and teaching for
children and teenagers should be formed
based on the desires and potential of
each student the role of teachers and
parents is to provide
support and guidance in educating
children and teenagers according to Ki Hajar
they must be given freedom and
independence to develop based on
their desires with the support of teachers
and parents of students who are adjusted
to their interests and talents the
last point is the thought that
distinguishes Kihajar from the three figures,
this principle is usually
known as Tutwuri Handayani
Ki Hadjar's thoughts about education and
teaching contributed
to the independence of Indonesia Ki ajar
formed an education system for
natives through Tamansiswa this is
in contrast to the education
organized by the Dutch colonialists the
Dutch colonialists provided education
to limited circles or commonly
called the royal priyayi and aristocrats
aristocrats
in this case education by the
Dutch colonialists aimed to
prepare civil servants or
government employees individuals
educated by Dutch colonial schools were
indoctrinated to be loyal to the
Dutch colonial government
in conclusion the Dutch colonialists
had no desire to educate and
teach which liberated the natives [Music]
[Music]
Hai Ki ajar often criticized the
Dutch colonial education system in
his thoughts the distinction of education
between natives and priyayi would
give rise to social inequality where an
elite group or men who were
superior to the natives would be born in its
implementation Kihajar formed
Tamansiswa where there was no difference
between priyayi and natives the title of
nobility was abolished replaced with
key for men nih for
unmarried women and Yi for
married women there were no
more titles such as Raden Mas denbei
Ndoro bei or other noble titles
in Tamansiswa title The
nobility is no longer
used to eliminate the
feudalistic relations carried out by the
Dutch colonial education system where the
nobility or aristocratic class was
considered superior to the
natives. Next, in the
2nd episode of the podcast, we will study the
inspiration of Ki Hajar Dewantara which
underlies the current Independent Learning policy
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