The adrenal gland's zona reticularis produces weak androgens (DHEA and androstenedione) under ACTH stimulation, which play a role in secondary sex characteristics, hair growth, and libido in both males and females.
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our ninja nerds in this video we're
going to talk about the adrenal gland
but specifically we're going to focus in
on the zona reticularis if you guys
haven't already seen it we already made
a video specifically looking at the zona
glomerulosa and its hormone the zona
fasciculata and its hormone okay so
first off we have the zona reticularis
the zona reticularis is going to be
really important for producing specific
types of doneita corticoids okay and
these are going to be androgens and
we'll talk about them because they're
very weak androgens but we have to start
up from work usually all of these
reactions are occurring we have to start
up any hypothalamus and again these
nuclei that are present up here in the
hypothalamus are called the para
ventricular nucleus in their secreting
out into the official portal system
corticotropin-releasing hormone and then
corticotropin-releasing hormone is
stimulating these cortical tropes within
the anterior pituitary right to produce
adrenocorticotropic hormone alright so
now what we're going to do is we're
going to zoom in and we're going to blow
up one of these zona reticularis cells
so specifically what we're looking at
over here is going to be the zona
reticularis okay so now look what this
adrenocorticotropic hormone is going to
come undo it's going to come over here
and it's going to bind on to this
receptor any of this receptor is a
g-protein coupled receptor so what
happens is this g-protein coupled
receptor activates a you guys already
know it AG stimulatory protein that G
stimulatory protein is normally bound to
gdp which keeps it off but then it binds
to gtp which turns it on that G
stimulatory protein then comes and
activates a specific type of a factor
enzyme what does that affect enzyme
called this effector enzyme is called a
dental 8 cyclase right it's called a
dental 8
cyclists and that adenylate cyclase
takes and converts ATP into cyclic ANP
and then cyclic A&P activates protein
kinase a and then what does that have to
do with anything well just like I've
continuously told you guys these
hormones that are being made in this
cell are not protein based are not amino
acid based they're steroid hormones so
what's the basis of steroid hormones
what do you have to start with you have
to start with cholesterol so cholesterol
is our basic unit for us to start
building on so here's our cholesterol
and then what happens with that
cholesterol the cholesterol gets
converted into specifically pregnenolone
and then that pregnenolone can get
converted into it's called
progesterone so what happens is this pregnenolone
pregnenolone
actually is acted on by specific enzyme
and it's converted into 17 hydroxy pregnenolone
pregnenolone
so the 17 hydroxy pregnenolone he's
going to get converted into another
different type of basic unit here this
molecule is going to be called D hydroxy
epi n trois her own so it's called D
hydroxy at the N draw Sturm now look
what else can happen you know there's
actually another way that we can have
this reaction occur so the look what can
happen to the progesterone the
progesterone can actually get converted
into another step here so you know
there's another step here because you
know what else can happen with the 17
hydroxy pregnenolone
the 17 hydroxy pregnenolone can get
converted into 17 hydroxy progesterone
but then look what can happen to this
progesterone I can take this
progesterone if I have the specific
enzyme which is the 17 hydroxylase I can
convert this into 17 hydroxy
progesterone then from the 17 hydroxy
progesterone I can synthesize what's
called Andres teen
dieeee own so it's called Andres teen
die own so what's happened here let's go
ahead and look cholesterol is converted
into pregnant alone pregnant alone can
get converted to 17 hydroxy pregnant
alone or it can get converted into
progesterone if it's converting to 17
hydroxy pregnant alone that can get
converted into D hydroxy fpn Dras Tyrone
this is one of the important ones or the
17 I'd Roxy pregnant one can get
converted into 17 hydroxy progesterone
or if this pregnant alone forms
progesterone progesterone can get
converted into 17 hydroxy progesterone
then the 17 I'd Roxy progesterone can
get converted into Andres teen die own
but look what else can happen you know
this D hydroxy epi and rostrum I can
take this guy
and I can convert him into Andres teen
die own okay now why is all of this
stuff important because these are going
to be specifically gonad o corticoids
very very very weak sex hormones these
are weak sexual notes what do these two
weak sex hormones D hydroxy epi and
rostrum and and rusting die own now we
took this protein kinase a pathway what
the heck does this have to do with
anything I'm glad you asked again it's
important for a lot of these pathways it
can activate specific enzymes by
phosphorylating them right so it can
phosphorylate a bunch of different
enzymes to allow for these reactions to
occur so he helps with in the stimulus
of a lot of these reactions by
phosphorylating multiple different types
of enzymes okay so that's what allows
for this reaction to occur that's what
the adrenocorticotropic hormone is doing
it's stimulating this protein kinases to
stimulate specific enzymes involved in
the cholesterol pathway and the overall
and result of this is DHEA D hydroxy at
the end roster
and and resting diode now what are these
guys going to go and do these gun addict
or dacoits are these week sex hormones
they're going to come over here and
they're going to act on the male and the
female so let's say that we take these
two guys out here okay they're going to
come over here and act on the male and
they're going to come over and now also
act on the female so let's look at the
male first their overall effect is
pretty much the same but what can happen
is this DHEA let's say that heat the
heat actually goes out here and he goes
to the male right or this and resting
diode it goes to the male eventually
what happens is all of it usually gets
converted into and resting diode and
that and esteemed Ione in the male
specifically here in the testes it's
actually going to be converted let's
that converge these two okay what's the
overall is old the anti steam diode will
be converted into testosterone okay and
we convert it into testosterone what
about for the female what are these
going to do for the female well for the
male what was the overall result it
helped in the stimulation or the
formation of testosterone within this it
also can allow for so let's say it works
here on the female specifically it works
in the female I like the thecal cells
and what can happen it can lead to the
formation of Astra jannat okay and look
at this what's the overall effect of
these guys what's the overall effect of
dehydroepiandrosterone and the and
Rothstein diode on the male in the
female what makes testosterone and it
makes estrogen but here's the really
important point so very very minimal
amounts of estrogen is produced and very
little minimal amounts of testosterone
is produced and again why am I telling
you is because these are weak weak
specific types of Kanata corticoids
they're very weak androgens okay sex
hormones it's what androgens is or their
sex hormones very weak but in overall
effect what is their overall effect they
love to be able to produce armpit hair
so look at this dude he's becoming a man
right so you get some armpit hair what
else does it start out
with look at this he's getting some hair
on his chinny chin chin right so he's
getting some hair on his chin you're
getting some hair here on the actual
axillary region guess what he's getting
some pubes okay so it's also going to
help with the pubic axillary and facial
hair growth that's one of the effects it
also helps with like the skin the skin
secretions by the sebaceous glands too
so again what is it helping with it's
helping with hair growth but
specifically where axillary pubic and
we'd also say where else we can also say
facial hair right and then it's also
helping with secretions so oily skin
secretions so we can say sebaceous
secretions helping the skin could be
nice and oily right what else does it
help with it also helps with the
development of certain types of
secondary sex characteristics but again
more of its effect is on hair growth
like axillary pubic and facial hair and
certain types of sebaceous secretions
what else though this is one of the
bigger effects this guy usually it helps
with libido and there's a condition that
we'll talk about where if they actually
make too much of this their libido goes
ham and they are horny all of the time
okay comes back with a vengeance
so libido it does have a little bit of
effect on libido sex drive so has a
little bit of an effect of a similar
actions on the female it helps a little
bit with the development of the
secondary sex characteristics so the
breasts of the mammary glands okay what
else does it help with it also helps
with don't you guys laugh pubic hair right
right
pubic hair growth and axillary hair
growth okay
and also what else libido
for the female - okay so in summation
the overall effect of these antigens is
very weak not very many different types
of angiogenic effects other than hair
growth of the axillary region the pubic
region the facial region more facial for
the male house with sebaceous secretions
of the hair and
certain types of skin right also helps
with their sex drive lured libido for
the female same thing libido axillary
hair growth pubic hair growth and a
little bit of development for the
secondary sex characteristics okay
obviously whenever these individuals are
making too much of this it can increase
libido it can increase an excessive
amounts of hair growth it can increase
the oily secretions and it can affect
all different types of secondary sex
characteristic developments okay it's
called adrenal genital masculinization
and we'll talk about that with the
female it actually can cause a lot of
problems where even because it helps
with the development of secondary sex
characteristics like the breast and even
the area called the clitoris if this
individual this female is making too
much of these dehydroepiandrosterone and
androstenedione their their clitoris
literally can start to resemble small
penis okay all right guys we talked
about how corticotropin-releasing
hormone can stimulate the anti pituitary
to make a see th how ACTH can act on the
zona reticularis cells within the
adrenal cortex and by activating protein
kinases they stimulate the synthesis
through the cholesterol pathway of D
hydroxy epi and rostrum and and
rothstein die on these are the two
genetic corticoids or weak sex hormones
androgens what do these guys do they act
on the male and the female by developing
with their development of secondary sex
characteristics also they help with hair
growth axillary pubic and facial more
for the male for facial but also with
the female helps with axillary pubic
hair growth also what does it help to do
it also helps with their sex drive via
libido right so it helps with their sex
drive helps with different types of
sebaceous gland secretions for their
skin and for their hair to have more
monoi leanness right but like I told you
if you make too much of these different
types of DHEA and androstenedione
what can happen it can actually cause
the male to have an increased
vengeance like libido and it can also
cause the female to have a lot of hair
growth like maybe develop a beard and
obviously a lot of bush growth down
there and also their clitoris can start
to realize or in both small penis
alright and again the help
the production of testosterone estrogen
but these are very very weak very very
middle amounts of these hormones are
being produced iron is inert in this
video we covered a lot on the zona
reticularis in this adrenal gland here I
hope it all made sense I really hope you
guys enjoyed it in the next video we're
going to talk about the adrenal medulla
and it's hormones iron engineers until
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