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Hey guys, welcome to
another video from Parabólica. Today I'm
going to teach you the main
differences between the theories of Dedo Cai de Beber
and Marx, who are classic thinkers from the
19th to the 21st century.
Their theory is the basis for us to understand
First, let's start with the French Émile
do Cairo. For Cae, social facts
should be studied as things, like
this, professor, as things. Because
by treating social facts as things,
you move away from them and end up being
impartial. Education doesn't want us to
Cae believed that social facts
should be studied and analyzed
based on the natural sciences.
For him, there is a natural order of
things happening even within
society, and things happen
naturally. It's another way of
saying that human beings
are not forming this society because it is
already ready. Basically, there is a
[Music]
You may have already noticed that this
is an influence of the positivism of
some with t.
And then one of his focuses of study: the
example he will work with. The speech
of social facts is suicide for
Caen by suicide is a social fact, so it
is linked to society. There
are three forms of suicide, the name
Cook, is when society is in crisis,
then cases of suicide occur. There is
selfish suicide, which is when the
subject does not feel belonging to that
society. There is also
altruistic suicide, which is when the person commits
suicide for society in some way.
An example we can cite the case of the
kamikazes in the Second World War, the
Japanese pilots who killed themselves in the name
of Japan.
Now let's talk a little about Max. See, he
is a philosopher who left the 19th century and
entered the 20th century, and living is opposed to
pain. He falls into several points. First,
he says that to study society,
to be able to do social sciences,
we cannot be impartial, so
you cannot study society without
leaving your personal tastes, without
leaving your desires.
This is an important point that he
distances himself a little from the
team's thinking, but that's not all. Max Drink
also says that it is the human being who is
creating, who is modifying, is
acting in this society through what
he will call social actions.
Social actions are put by the baby
in four different ways. The first is
affective, which is an action made by feelings.
feelings.
There is the traditional one, which is done by customs. There is also the one aiming at an
customs. There is also the one aiming at an
end, which is with a
clear objective. There is also the one of
values. When you raise the
ethical question, the political question, the question of
religion, and so on.
In his work, the Protestant reply to the
spirit of capitalism. Veer tells
us that back in the 15th and 16th centuries,
capitalism was formed based on
Protestant ethics, mainly on Calvinism.
He is taking into consideration
the accumulation of wealth proposed by
Calvinism back in the 16th century.
Now, let's talk about another
important philosopher of the 19th century, Max
Martins. He brings a method for us to
analyze history. This method is
called historical and
dialectical materialism, which for them means that the
relations of production between bosses and
employees are what move
capitalist society. According to Marx, this is
contradictory. Dialectics comes from
contradiction, a clash of ideas.
Because workers sell their
productive force, they work like crazy
but keep the smallest part of the profit. produced
produced [Music]
and for him human beings are
historical subjects, the subjects that form this
society that acts forming society,
so for him workers should
take the means of production to start
a process of revolution and end the
inequalities that existed in capitalism [Music]
and this is very clear in
Marx's own phrase, until now philosophers have been
concerned with interpreting the world, what
[Music]
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