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Class 4: Field, Tenor and Mode and its "dialogue" with Genre

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This content explains the Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) concepts of Field, Tenor, and Mode as they relate to discourse analysis, using an email from a student requesting an extension as a case study to illustrate how these elements shape language use and social interaction.

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either and these are both class on

disgust analysis we will be talking

about feel anger and so the first thing

we're gonna do is define filter mode

there are different definitions of field

one of which is the following against

states that field is the aboutness of

the text for the topic on the other hand

holiday defines field as the job

languages doing in a specific context of

situation the other variable tenor is

typically defined as who is talking to

whom that is the beginning of our

definition however we need to delve into

Tanner there is go deeper into what we

mean by who's talking to whom and what

we will say is that conversation and

interaction requires at least two

components self so I who's talking to

whom what we mean is the self is talking

to the other and what we're interested

in here is the ways in which the self

constructs the other or the ways in

which self other negotiate their social

via interaction were both note what we

will say here is that mode consists of

two different categories on the one hand

we will be talking about a channel which

holiday states is illiterate spoken or

written and we will now add the

multimodal and on the other hand we will

be talking about media what is media

media has to do with the degree of

spoken s written s spoken is written s

we mean the degree of lexical density

grammatical complexity or intricacy

these are all categories that we will

account for in due time in order to the

stand what feel thinner and all mean I

think that we need to resort to a text

that is the product of some sort of

interaction with a stage called

production and stage the world called

recession both production and reception

are taken into account by the speakers

and writers of different texts when they

perform language in discos related

context all speakers and writers tacit

knowledge of the ways in which we

interact what we know implicitly is that

we are always talking to some other

place so the other is always there

that is clearly stated in the use of

language such as that

beneath where the I am the you the stuff

and the other are of utmost importance

in the conception of language

interaction and discourse

okay let's be more concrete there's bit

more specific about what we mean by a

production and reception of text there

is think of a text that is produced

sphere of social interaction bodies

which is a social sphere the soldiers

fear of interaction is some sort of

routine routinized context of

interaction to which we are habit rated

so the concept of habitus will keep into

that picture how does mean we are used

to it interaction the taxi question the

social sphere in question will consist

of two participants teacher a student

and the action that the student will

perform is to ask for an extension on

the submission of her paper so let us

think of the following context the

student dares call her Jane has

discovered that she has kind of run out

of time and she cannot submit the

be able to submit the paper in due time

that is you will not be able to meet her

that life so she decides to write an

email to her teacher asking for an

extension asking for an extension is the

kind of job that language will be doing

in this context of interaction there is

basically what we mean by field so the

technical category the systemic

functional linguistics technique the

Catalan field has to do with the job again

again

that language is doing a specific

context of interaction let's go back

till now it is an interaction that takes

place in habitus or the situation to

which we are habituated a situation that

is routinized very often students need

to ask for extensions so this will be my

field is not the aboutness of the text

we can say important societies let us

say that it is the abundance of the text

where a bonus means where topic means

what we are doing is an action it's

something we are performing and we can

sing close the term performance more

specifically we can think of social

interaction as some sort of performance

to which we are released

okay I've got Jane's demon ears and I

read from the text verbatim because I

don't wanna interfere

word in the mail goes reads the phone

way hi John I just noticed that we won't

be able to submit the paper tomorrow

because very busy lately and I will

submit it next week thanks in advance

best Jane but it does the end of the

mail so the question here is the following

following

again realistic about field what has

Jane has she asked for an extension has

she asked for favor of her teacher what

is she imposing some sort of action

performance so the question here is who

will decide when to submit the paper

whether we should meet that plans so the

question here is who's gonna decide when

tables should be submitted so again the

question that we need to answer is is

she asking a favor of the teacher or is

she telling the teacher

in forming a teacher what she will do

what one must conclude from the mail

that we have just read is that Jane is

definitely not asking for an extension

on the contrary she's telling her

teacher what she would do without her

teacher having the possibility of any

sort of decision in the decision-making

process the teachers make regarding

schedules and submissions and tests and

the like so field has to do with doings

what we do with language and what we do

with language has to fit the frame what

do we mean by frame when it's framing

framing is a cutter lake off the

smartest uses to talk about the context

of interaction and the kind of actions

are expected in the different spheres of

social life so what the action that the

suit is performing doesn't fit the frame

but it the frame is the set of expected

actions so you're not expected to impose

on your teacher to impose your will on

your teacher what you're expected to do

is what has been routinized again

but it if you want an extension you

should ask for an exception

you should not impose your will on your

teacher like telling your teacher that

you have decided to submit the paper on

a certain date because you haven't had

the time to do it

so far so asking for an extension on the

submission of your paper will be one

social action - which will penetrate in

fact we have talked about that in our

class on genre we have taught all

different kinds of contexts the seasons

of context that make up a specific

culture then we can think of other

actions think of requesting suggesting a

certain inviting offering we will deal

with these actions when we talk about

speech acts for time being I think we

said enough about tilt the rest whatever

what is there you can tell us to do with

constructing and negotiating social

relationships but we negotiate those

relationships we need of course this

language tenor is originally or

initially I suppose

the expression whose critical will be

our point of departure given that if we

remain there we're not saying much

brutally by who's talking to whom what

we're thinking is who are the social

interactions how do they construct their

social interaction which is their level

of intimacy who gets to decide what in

which context and more importantly how

we construct ourselves the self are

others the other interaction this is

what Tanner is all about and we will

connect Tanner with interpersonal

meaning so let us go back to the email

that Jane has written to the teacher

John so again the mail goes hi John I

will stress the eye for some specific

purpose I have noticed won't be able to

submit the paper I've been busy

I submitted next week so on the one hand

we want to notice the text is I mean

centered it's available

mimimi right I got problems I can submit

it etcetera etcetera etcetera so this is

suppression in the text of the pattern

not only in the text but it's

suppression of the other from the

context of

tax this food is not considering the

fact that knowledge by means of her

actions is not acknowledging the fact

that it is the teachers prerogative to

decide who will submit what well so in

more colloquial informal times who gets

to call the shots here who gets to

decide when directors are going to be

submitted and decisions are made again

this warrants routinize what is

culturally stick elated that is what

fits the frame in vehicles terms we're

talking about frame we're talking about

expected unexpected actions so the

teacher in question here in this

interaction in particular is being

construed against someone who has no say

in a decision-making process of this

kind of this specific interaction we

will borrow that term a category from

pilaris theory more specifically the

category face to elaborate a little on

what we mean by the construction self

and other verify the student the teacher

where he

should do something again about setting

deadlines that soon as are expected to

meet if the student gets to tell the

teacher the student is performing what

we would call a face with the face act

in order to understand what the face

that an act is all about we first need

to define face we will define face and

the public self-image so we all have a

public self-image we will say face to

face the positive phase is our need to

be liked and to be respected not abused

our negative phase is a right to be

dependent to do as we please

we will have a whole class on theory and

plans theory we're simply here borrowing

the term the Catholic faith in order to

account for what we mean by the inter

person meaning so when the student is

calling the shots

deciding what she would do rather than

allowing the teacher to do so I'm so

doing fit in the frame the music or

actions she's performing in faith what

she's doing is threatening to teachers face

face

more specifically the teachers positive

effects probably the negative effects as

well because she is imposing on her

teacher so there are two threatening

actions if features allow students to

decide what they can do they are not

fulfilling their role

one of the roles as teachers that is

scaling in classes and skipping

assignments as a consequence their

positive phase will be there is also

effect on the teachers negative phase

because teachers been imposed upon by

his student and there is another fifth

frame there for the suppression the

teacher has illustrated in the mail we

have just read again doesn't fit the

frame is a part of our

culturally determined social routinized

actions to which we are habitually and

is considered to be socially wrong now

when I say is socially wrong I'm talking

about social expectations this is what

with what we do with language and how

language as an impact on the

construction of the self and the

construction of the other so so far we

have stated that their actions field and

these actions will contribute to the

construction of self other

next we will discuss mode okay we're

both mode what we will stay here is the

mode is a battery that will kick into

the picture will fit the frame in the

following way mode is binary that is it

can be divided can be dealt with in the

following way we need on the one hand to

talk about channel we'll talk about

media number one waist channel will

holiday device channel as either written

or spoken but he was talking about

channel back in the seventies and

We Need to Talk multi mobile channels

and in fact there has been a lot of

advances in research in multi more

language we can think of them as worth

but human who even has we can book

called reading images that if the

language of four houses the fashion

linguistics can be used to interpret

normally written and spoken means of

communication but also images other

language an amusing term language in a

metaphorical sense language is spoken

language structure spelling orthography

soundwaves for logical phenomena we're

not talking about images when we use the

term language images belong to a whole

other domain of semiotic construction

meaning in its own right we're not

saying it's inferior when a superior

well as they need it's different okay

let's go back to change email Jane wrote

an email however she decided to go away

she could talk to the teacher in person

face to face interaction where you will have

have

feedback if you write an email you may

forgive me not have the immediate feedback

feedback

definitely there is no face-to-face

interaction she could have written or

sent a whatsapp message she would have

texted teacher she put a koala teacher

on the phone she filled up the number of

X so basically channel again it's a

system it's systemic that is there is a

number of things that we can do I will

pick one perfect many because we think

that is the best choice in terms of

interpersonal meaning that is the best

way in which can handle this situation

is by means of the face-to-face

interaction or an email so our mind and

to ten different possibilities whenever

we're thinking of performance a kind of

interaction I will pick one out of many

because we'll think again

that is the best interpersonal tenor

interpersonal choice for a specific

field that is for the performance of a

specific action specific context of

production and reception of text again

in some sphere of social life so notice

how the three components

tenor and field interact all the time at

the same time in specific context for a

sheriff or spheres of life they interact

at the same time all the time in the

construction production

test in interaction now what about the

other category that is related to mobile

namely media media has to do with the

degree of brittleness or spoken Escala

text more informally we can talk about

degrees of formality and infer Monday

now mode has to do with the way in which

the grammar that we select will fit the

frame so we can have more or less grana

intellectual to systemic functional

linguistics evenings provides us with

the following example a student is

writing is telling his speech with the

forward I have turned in my paper late

because my kids were sick let's take the

sentence others compare it to this other

sentence the reason for the late

submission of the paper was the

thickness of methods when I asked my

students in class which sentence is or

evokes spoken language they unanimously

say the freshmen the former and they

also need any must be claimed the latter

the same status

it is the sentence that is typically

typically used in written language

typically evokes witness that they will

find in written contexts now what I do

is following I write both sentences on

the board so what I ask them is how can

we know how do we tell the former the

first text is spoken and the second is

written when I have just written both

sentences on the board so the conclusion

that we need to reach is fully written

and spoken this are not related to the

fact that we are either writing or

speaking that's got to the width channel

that is I have resorted to the writing

of the sentences that is the graphic

graphic channel inspect that students

are able to tell the difference between

spoken or written language so messes be

confronted with two sentences one of

which they claim to involve spoken

language the other written language the

question that we need to answer is how

come they can tell that the sentence is

written or spoken when in fact they see

both sentences by means or the visual

channel that is their win I have written

them the answer to that question lies in

the fact that this is the grammar of writing

writing

all speaking in fact hardly wrote the

book there is called writing science to

make reference to the way in which

scientists write in academic contexts

that is it's a mode mode median there is

a way of writing in science there is a

way of writing obituaries there is a way

of writing articles essays for a minute

that time stories etcetera etcetera

I mean different genres subgenres text

types in different contexts of

interaction will require different ways

of writing and more specifically we

would say that they will require

different media where the media for

instance we're going to evolve degrees

of normalization that's what we call

we're a magical metaphor so let's go

back to Suzanne penises sentences I have

turned in my Escalade because my kids

were sick and the second step is number

Nestle was the sickness of my kids if we

analyse centers one sentence to who will

say that the first will evoke spoken

language given a number of criteria the

first criterion we will discuss is

grammatical complexity number one is

more grammatically complex because of

consists of two clauses I have turned in

my essay late close one because my kids

were stick close to in the second

example the reason for the legs

submission of the head state was the

sickness of my kids

we have only one sentence so two

sentences versus one status this is a

quantitative criteria in the first

sentence I tried the male's relate this

sentence proper the clause has the

structures of the predicate that is the

message is conveyed by means of a clause

in the nominal lines version of the

sentence in question the message I have

turned in yesterday late is conveyed by

means of what we will call

that is the latest submission of attacks

a notice that this is a group now group

a cross the second clause in the spoken

version my kids were sick its realized

in the nominal X version as well so we

will go for the sickness my kids

so we're saying here it is that we're

changing the type of graph from the

cross based program the graph there is a

causal manner in spoken language we move

on to a nominal now group grounded or

based grammar in written language

therefore what we're saying here is that

there are two grammars the grammar of

spoken English based on closest with

there such as the predicate a grammar of

written language based on now groups

that will convey a message again the

sickness of my kicks and the submission

of the paper

therefore it is interesting to note that

the verb turning in the spoken version

has become another submission the

adjective sick has become no sickness

the connector because has become a now

reason and then we have now my paper kids

so conclusion all word batteries have

become nouns that is why the written

version is the nominal iced version and

the information has been condensed into

now groups again the sickness of my kids

and the late submission of the paper

this process is called nominalization

conversation also king of information

mr. the unpacking of the clause which

makes the language lexically there is

this accumulation or lexical or content

work turns compliment as content works

like the latest admission of the paper

the sickness of makes and now where is

that now in the now group the connectors

are the prepositions the sickness of my

kids the submission of the paper the

prepositions are used as connectors the

the paper is the sickness of my kids so

is is considered to be a relational

process in this case the verb evolution

process is a verb that is used as a

connector so the verbs are connectors

attacks think of traditional grammar in

traditional grammar the verb be is

called a linking verb linking to

something perfect

we're subject and predicate in this case

now groups that convey the messages that

in this spoken version is conveyed by

the cross so we have closed our grammar

never known a nice grab so let us recap

some of the things that we have just

said and then we'll go back to our email

written by Jane we will try to improve

on it we're gonna try to make the main

fifth frame so what I would like to say

about spoken language is that it is

grammatically complex by complex we mean

there are more clauses or I should say

there are process is a causal grammar on

the other hand written language is

grammatically simple complex there are

no classes complexity complexity will

take place

by means of constructing condensed no

groups where we pack all the information

in smaller units so where as spoken

language is grammatical complex written

language is lexically dance this what we

mean by condensation packing and

normalizing so let's go back to Jane so

happens that before sending the email

Jane has decided to share her letter

with her friend Rachel so Rachel it's

the email and she thinks probably they

can come up with an email will be more

suitable for a friend there is an email

will fit the frame and they come up with

the following in weight together baby

so that we do not interfere with what

people have actually said the mail reads

the following way dear mr. Thompson echo

this email would thank you well the

reason for writing to you is the

following due to personal matters of

most inconvenience for the normal

functioning of my life and routines I

will not be able to meet the required

that line in which case I kindly refer

to you in the hope that you consider the

possibility of granting me an extension

of the step deadline look forward to

hearing from you

best regards Jane I think that this

email is much more accurate much more smoothly

smoothly

and the first email let me tell you why

to begin with the email the writer of

the email goes I title it refer to you

that it if you are asking a favor of

someone probably you will want to use

standard strategy in order to mitigate

the effect when you ask for an extension

on that link you're imposing your will

that is what you want not for the

digital ones very important here will on

others again interpersonal meaning

however you can meet it and in fact

these terms these strategies are called

mitigating strategies mitigating devices

mitigating terms such as I kindly refer

to you are mitigating devices that

enable the speaker to soften or cushion

the effect of the imposition so we go on

in the hope that you consider the

possibility ranting probably we can be

critical of magazine it's two word well

that's probably the case so we can come

up with another person and yet another

so consider the possibility of granted

me an extension of yourself that land so

the reason the world is a bit more

dominant last however I as the person

who is requiring a favor you who is

asking for something not important

asking requesting you is construed as

someone who's gotta say

who's got a decision-making power in

these contexts of interaction so

interpersonal speaking the email is more eloquent

eloquent

is more appropriate it's more accurate

social speaking that's why we talk about

interpersonal medium or social meaning

also notice the religious in fact the

politeness here that is knowledge

otherwise there the other it's

translated into higher degree of

linguistic effort it's more wording

there is accounting of the reasons why

you have you're doing this and you're

doing that you're basically your body

here not quite

email is a person of length web sin is

you're not you know like being brief you

elaborating on the reasons you're

elaborating on the language basically

you're bothering yes so there's the fact

that you are asking you're requesting is

translated into the amount of language

that you're doing the game is not just

quantity its quality and the way it is

personalization which wouldn't be

accurate from the actual context of

interaction we're responsible obsessed

with doing in this case the requesting

or biased in the first line reveals an

action which was not present in the

first email what we should consider is

number one the fact that this is right

to write an email asking for an

extension due to personal matters so

that's probably the first consolation

the answer would be no you write an

email as an extension if for example you

have health related problems that is if

you've been sick so you will write

something like due to issues related

promise the paper so the first thing

that we need to consider is which are

the reasons why we are writing the email

these considerations became two

considerations so I provided you with

two sample emails for the factors and

other issues related to this interaction

and the ways in which the production was

linguistically constructed there's a lot

more that we can say but I think that we

have at least partially succeeded we

want to do here is help you understand

what we mean by a genre is a concept

that we are reviewing here but the focus

definitely isn't filter mode how

field 10 mode are realized in a specific

genre in a specific field and social

life so we hope that this context or situation

for the Arabs true what kind of job they

do what basically what we mean by filter

well this is the aim of this class and

how the three variants of the context of

situation establish some kind of

dialogue with context of culture namely

job that's all we have to stay in

today's class we hope ladies being off

used to you

if you have any questions please write

them below in comments if you have

questions in there comments criticisms

the gestures of any kind I will be only too

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YouTube Transcript:Class 4: Field, Tenor and Mode and its "dialogue" with Genre