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Intro to Philosophy (SHS)- Choices (Freedom of the Human Person- Part 2)

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[Music]

Good day to our senior high school

learners and shoutout to my students in

Jose Abad Santos senior high school

Welcome to our new episode and we are

now on the second part of our topic freedom

of the human person But before

that Let's have a recap of the

highlights of our last lesson so for our

last lesson we discuss the concept of

freedom we also discuss the perspective of

freedom based on the following

philosophers we have aristotel and the

power of we have Freedom on the context

of Spirituality by St Thomas aquinas We

also have Freedom based on the context

of existentialism by John Paul sre and

freedom based on the context of social

contract theory by the three

philosophers namely John L John Jax and

Sir Thomas hubs we identify and

characterize the Follow the different

kinds of freedom like the moral Freedom

psychological freedom and the physical

freedom we also discuss the difference

between positive and negative Freedom

now between the positive and negative

Freedom this important for us to

exercise positive freedom and lastly We

also emphasize that freedom is not

always absolute 'ba our Freedom has

always had its limitations now if you

want to Uh to go back or to review those

important topics that we have discussed

last meeting the link for our last

box the ability to exercise one's

freedom in any manner is called freedom

of choice and having choices are related

to the freedom that we exercise so for

today we will discuss our topic and that is

choices we now move on to lesson number

12 still part of freedom of the human

person now part two and we focus more on

the context on the field of the study of

ethics so Welcome to another episode of

philosophy class with sir Edward

Freedom free will and and determinism

cannot escape consequences or causal

results in some discussion we call it as

punishment or karma which we are

responsible for so for today's topic We

will Discuss the concept of choices and

freedom Comes with great

responsibilities there is an absolute

understanding that all actions have consequences

always remember that

Freedom involves choice

chance and choosing are

inconsolable if a person has the

capacity to choose then that person can be

held responsible over the

actions freedom is the power to be what

you want to be and the ability to decide

and create

yourself many of the characteristics

that define our personality are often a

product of our choices

and freedom gives you the ability to

strive to achieve that goal so for

example Talents are developed to their

fullest only if we choose to dedicate

time and effort to improve them Like for

example the Talent for public speaking

for the performance art Like for example

singing and does dancing Takes Time to

develop on our effort to

strive drive to Uh to hone our craft and

Talents freedom is also rooted in the

human person self-determination and the exercise

of intellect and free will a

person's actions determine What kind of

person he or she becomes for example a

person for example is that you saw a

person carrying a heavy load of books

and instructional materials along the

hallway will you are you going to help that

person to ease that burden of

carrying that heavy load of books or not

or you just simply ignore that person so that

is where you will use Your Freedom

you will use Your Freedom to help that

person or not and remember that Freedom

As what I have mentioned earlier is

rooted on self

-determination and they exercise a

free Will it is upon our

self-determination and Our free will

whether we're going to help that person

not Moreover Freedom entails

responsibility Freedom requires a degree

of control from the person who exercised

it for example ba Uh the ability to

control yourself towards Addiction or

any impulsive behavior to lose control

of one self diminishes human freedom and dehumanizes

the person now persons who

are denied of their Freedom by other

individuals groups and institutions are

also dehumanized for example Slavery or imprisonment person

so going back to what I

have said earlier Freedom entails

responsibility and it requires a degree

for us to limit ourselves or to exercise prudence

or control In order for example

to overcome some of our addictions Like

for example Uh we overcome Uh we need to

overcome for example our Addiction when

it comes to cigaret or smoking or for

young People Like You Uh the online

games Addiction so as you may see and

and as you may notice freedom and

responsibility and that responsibility

is the that you exercise a degree of

control to limit or to regulate yourself

and to overcome those Addiction or

impulsive behavior that you

have now What makes us free and how does

Freedom shape our

experiences now we have two elements

that define Freedom first on the list is what we

call as voluntariness voluntariness

refers to the ability of a

person to act out his or her own will or

his or your own free will and self

determination now decisions are made out

of his or her his or her own free will

also means that a person may act Even if

he or she is not required or called to take

an action So that's where the

concept of

initiative voluntary acts come in are free acts

which can be assigned a corresponding

moral value and whenever we decide to

take action this results in a certain

consequence so Again the first element

to define freedom is what we call as

initiative number two is what we called

as responsibility it refers to the

person being accountable for his or her

actions and their consequence a person

who had no awareness of the effect of

his or her action can be considered as

acting with diminished

Freedom another reality that we have to

face as we experience or exercise our

freedom is the fact that freedom is

experience through the act of making

choices so remember if You've seen the

movie Spiderman ba it was mentioned by

Uncle Ben to Peter Parker that with

great power comes great responsibility

again for the time our freedom is not

always absolute because it entails

responsibility on our

part Now let's proceed to the nature of

the choices we make or the act of making a choice

understanding the importance of

being prudent in making choices we will

all realize that any deliberate Act of

choosing involves evaluating the

alternatives or the options the concept

of We the reasons Explain that when we

are choosing the act involves not only

weighing the reasons but giving way to

reasons meaning we need to think of the

pros and cons we need to think of the

consequences before choosing ba from the

different alternatives we need to choose

or we need to think or base our decision Which

one would be Better In The End

think of a longterm goal think of a

longterm solution

now after you have chosen each

alternative You will realize that some

considerations carry more weight than

the others that is why you Choose one

alternative and disregard the other so It

is a m that we should be careful

prudent and mindful on making decisions

or on making choices in

life now the branch of philosophy

related to our lesson for today is the

field of ethics as what we have

mentioned on our previous discussion

during our first quarter discussion

ethics is a Branch of philosophy that

deals with the systematic questioning

and critical examination of the

underlying principles of morality ethics

refers to the goodness or badness of an

action it Talks about the concept of

morality now we have the following

related concepts for our lesson we have

first concept and that is moral Agent A

moral Agent is a person who has the

ability to discern right from wrong and

be held accountable for his or her own

moral actions Agents have a moral

responsibility not to cause unjustified

harm so every time that we need to make

moral decisions then we become a moral

Agent As what I have mentioned on our

previous discussion to give you an

example of what a modal Agent is ah see

for example you caught your classmates

or you learn that cheating is rampant on

your class especially Now with the

online class screenshots of the Google

of the Google forms were disseminated to

through the group chat so it is on your

Burden as a modal Agent whether You're

just going to ignore the the the ongoing

Uh online cheating or you're going to

report it to your teachers so that you would

not be able to tolerate the wrong

doings or the misbehavior or the or the

misdeeds of your classmates So that's what

we called as moral Agent and from

our day today life 'do we all encounter

Uh Uh we all encounter situations that

need moral decision and therefore we

become what we called as a moral

choice are choices made on a person's

ethics manners character and what they

believe is proper behavior these

decisions tend to affect not only our

wellbeing but the wellbeing of

others now Let us define or distinguish

intellectual choice and practical choice

when we intellect choice This is choice

which is selected based on a moral

standpoint they are normative answers

about what we ough to do from a moral

system that we uphold and its moral

principles when we say intellectual

choice This is the obvious answer that

we should give or that we should act or that we

should choose base from a

situation so say for example you so for

example a wallet when you when you go outside

or When You Went outside ' ba if

you're Uh going to choose intellectual

choice the obvious answer this is that

you should Look for the own Look for the

owner of the wallet and return into the

rightful owner because you don't own

that particular wallet that is from the

point of view of intellectual choice you

provide normative answer it comes from

the word norm expected behavior ' ba

you're going to choose What is expected

from you that is in

choice this normative answers would take

into consideration the behavior which

the society will accept for example when

you are to decide in a moral issue you

can try to give intellectual choice as a

normative answer here you are simply

assuming you are not as it were facing

that actual moral situation describe in

the dilemma in this case the answers that you are in to give our

prescriptive in

this imaginary and hypothetical

situation so again for intellectual

choice you give the answer or the

choice because this is what you think is right

this is what you think acceptable to

society on the other hand when we say

practical choice these are choice which is

born out of psychological and emotional

emotional

considerations practical choice are made

when confronted with the actual

situation in comparison with the

intellectual you are not the one in

that situation he seems to be hypothetical

but for practical you're

confronted with the actual situation and

usually affected by the psychological

aspect of the person embroiled in the

moral situation or dilemma now for

example psychological and emotional

stress and lack of time to deliberate

during an actual moral situation may

affect a person's moral decision that

situation a person may be so engulfed by

Emotions that he or she may sometimes fail to make

the right choice Likewise stress

could make a person's practical

choice in consistent with his or her

intellectual choice now going back to

the example that I have me that I

mentioned a while ago if we're going to

choose practical choice on that

situation wherein you saw a wallet and

say for example you are indeed in need

or needy or financially Uh in need

during those time then on the point of

view of practical choices that you're

going to take that particular wallet

again practical choice are choice made

when you are confronted with the actual

situation Now it's up for us to decide

whether that particular decision is

considered moral or not moral So that's where

the study of ethics comes in but

then Again in making choices we need to be

careful we need to be prudent on

making decisions and

choices to understand more the concept

of choices based on the context of

morality and ethics Let us analyze this

situation what we call as the trolly

problem there is a runway trolly

barreling down the railway trucks ahead

on the trucks there are five people tied

up and unable to move the truly is

headed straight for them you are

standing some distance off in the train

yard next to a lever if you pull this

lever that truly will switch to a

different set of tracks of set of tracks how

how

you notice that there is one person on

the S track Now you have two options

number one do nothing and allow the

trolly to kill the five people on the

main track or the second

option pull The

lever diverting the trolley into the S

track where it will kill one person the

question Now Is which is the more

ethical option or simply What is the

right thing to do now this particular

situation though it may seem observed entails

a difficult decision entails a

difficult choice because whatever choice

that you made it will entail the lives

of the people regardless of whether

five people will be killed or one people

will be killed still you will commit or

you will be responsible for the killing

of those or of those persons So this

particular Uh situation is a Classic

manifestation of what we called as moral

dilemma now What is moral dilemma

dilemma Let us define first dilemma dilemma

is a situation where a

person is forced to choose between two

or more conflicting options neither of

which is

acceptable when dilemma involve human

actions which have moral implications

they are called ethical or moral Dilemmas moral

Dilemmas moral

Dilemmas are situations where

persons who are called moral Agents in

ethics are forced to choose between two

or more conflicting options but neither

of which resolves the situation in a

morally acceptable manner so I have here

some situations for you to understand

the concept of moral dilemma so we have

here for example linse is a deeply

religious person hence she considers

killing humans Absolutely wrong

unfortunately for Lin it is found out

that Lin is having an ectopic pregnancy

meaning the the child or the fetus is

not situated on the uus but outside of

the uterus and that makes her pregnancy

dangerous now linse is fac with two conflicting

conflicting

options whether a to Resort to abortion

or letter be to does not Resort to

abortion and this is an example of moral

dilemma whatever whatever decisions that

now we have three conditions That must

be present in moral dilemma number one the

person or the Agent of a moral action is

obliged to make decisions about which

course of action is the best number two

there must be different courses of

action to choose from number no matter what

course of action is taken some

moral principles was compromise

was compromise

another example we have here

a military Doctor is attending to the

needs of the wounded soldiers in the

middle of the war unfortunately two

soldiers urgently need a blood

transfusion however only one bag of

blood is available at the moment to Whom

Shall the doctor administer the blood

transfusion so again this is an example

of moral dilemma So this are extreme

scenarios wherein we should be mindful

it involves discernment reflection and

of course prayer ba asking for Divine

intervention for us to make the good and

to make a fair decisions and

choices now given the consequence and

gravity on making choices and decisions

it is the important for all of us to

evaluate and exercise prudence in our

choice or in making choices in life when

we are exercising our choice We must

always be cautious and aware of the choices

that we make as well as the

implications of this in the future the

capacity of an individual to make good

choice comes from his or her accumulated

experiences and

values always remember that when we make

choices we choose not for ourselves but

also for the things that will affect that

that

choice now choices also entails

consequences and entails sacrifices We

must take into consideration the

necessary sacrifices that we must make

for us to grow There are times that when

we decide we take risk may be a

sacrifice or consequence and the

tendency of humans to take such daunting

task comes from this from his or her

experiences and values in totality the

situation and progress of a person in a

situation Falls on the result that is

our goal depends solly the weighted

consequences We must Bear and the

sacrifices We must endure so say for

example despite the difficulty that

we're experiencing because of the Online

class 'is the difficulty of the

internet connection

ba some of us having experien ice the

difficulty of managing Our Time at home

and on the demands of our online class

we should be more resilient we should be more

flexible we should be more patient

to endure sacrifices

remember that every choice

that we make always entails consequences

and it demands sacrifices We must endure sacrifices

sacrifices

for us to grow as a and eventually to

whatever We want whatever we Aspire in

life now How can I exercise my freedom

manner now we must all remember that

human Freedom though essential is not always absolute human

always absolute human

Freedom should be exercised

with control and and a

recognition of reasonable

limits limiting personal Freedom

requires sacrifice to a certain

self-interest and accept certain

realities that are beyond control and

Our sense of right and wrong guides us

on recognizing and deciding on the

should also be exercised

with regard for knowledge and truth It

is necessary to cultivate the

intellectual virtue of prudence in

making sound

choice remember that in exercising our

freedom we should also recognize and

uphold not only our individual Freedom

but also the freedom of others should we be

mindful of exercising our

Freedom our Freedom limits or stops us

whenever we inflict harm or risk or

danger to other

people therefore Freedom should be exercised

with DU regard for the w

welfare of other

persons and for the last part of our

discussion Let's have here two concept

the given and the chosen when we say given

givens are what we call as the

predetermined things that do not negate

our Freedom but give us the opportunity

to exercise our Freedom when we

determine ourselves so say for example

of given our family Our name our

socioeconomic background those are what

we call as given ba those are the

predetermined things given to our life

but based on our lesson ba We all have

the capacity to make decisions to make cho

choices in life and that is where chosen

will follow or enter the picture

chosen because we should use our freedom

in a good way so that we may become

better people and better versions of

ourselves what I'm trying to say despite

the difficulties or struggles that we

experience because those are the things given

to our life still we have our

decisions 'ba to transcend or to

surpass TH or overcome those

difficulties and adversity so that we

can become better

Uh Better in the future and the process

to become a better versions of

ourselves Now let's have a recap of our

discussion for today's topic we discuss

the concept of freedom and freedom

always involves choice and that choice entails

entails

responsibility because for every

decisions that we make it follows

consequences We also discuss that

Freedom that Freedom entails two

elements and those element men or what

we call as the element of

voluntariness and responsibility and

last we and lastly We also Discuss the

concept of ethics we discuss man as a moral

Agent and man capable of moral

decisions and experiencing moral

decision moral Dilemmas in life now

always remember that Freedom Comes with

responsibility and we should always be

prudent and mindful on making our

choices and decisions in life and that

ends our lesson for today I am sir Edward See

you again next time for new

learnings and discoveries as we continue

our Pursuit for wisdom and truth in

philosophy CL with sir Edward Have a

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Intro to Philosophy (SHS)- Choices (Freedom of the Human Person- Part 2)