YouTube Transcript:
BBC DOCUMENTARY 2015 | The Rising of the Robot Discovery Channel Science Documentaries 2015

Skip watching entire videos - get the full transcript, search for keywords, and copy with one click.

AutoDub

Understand YouTube Foreign Videos

Immersive YouTube Voice Translation

Break language barriers, embrace global quality content

Solve Foreign Video Barriers Instantly

Video Transcript

Video Summary

Summary

Core Theme

The content explores the rapid advancement and diverse applications of robotics, from industrial automation and hazardous task execution to the ambitious pursuit of artificial humans and the philosophical implications of creating intelligent machines.

Mind Map

Click to expand

Click to explore the full interactive mind map • Zoom, pan, and navigate

[Music] they're

they're [Music]

[Music]

fast they're [Music]

[Music]

intelligent they're [Applause]

everywhere robots and living machines

are breaking out of the

will they help

us or will they replace

agree but whether Humanity likes it or

not the robots are

rising and our world will never be the same

that you I suppose you're programmed for

etiquette and protocol protocol why it's

my primary function C I am well vered in

all the Customs that is why I have been

programmed what I really need is a Droid

who understands the binary language of

moisture evap these are the robots of

our dreams intelligent machines that

live to serve can you speak B of course

I can sir it's like a second language to me

me [Music]

[Music]

I'm and these are the robots of our

nightmares mechanical Predators hellbent

I think the idea of people fearing

robots is almost a myth and I I'm not so

sure that people imagine that uh robots

will bring direct harm to them but it

may be the

uh cultural changes and the changes in

the way we do things may have impact or

consequence in people's lives or workpl

or the way that uh we do things and uh

it's that notion of change that seems to

be uh the great

concern a robot is a machine that

performs useful actions and is capable

Behavior in other words robots are the

love children of computers and power

tools they come in all shapes and sizes

each specific to its function as we

shall see some of them even resemble the

artificial humans of the movies but

until very recently robots in the real

world looked more like toasters than the

Terminator since they first came on the

scene in the 1960s realworld robots have

slowly worked their way into industry

taking over more and more dirt dull and

dangerous jobs with each passing year in

assembly line businesses such as

building cars the ability of robots to

perform complicated tasks over and over

fit but getting robots off of their

pedestals and into the World At Large

has proven far more difficult than

science fiction films would have you

believe this is beginning to change the

revolution in computing power

combined with unorthodox new approaches

to building robot brains has resulted in

a revolution in robotics

technology in the near future the worlds

of fantasy and reality May

converge when that happens will we be

creep this is the fantasy vision of police

reality in Washington DC the US capital

bomb the capital police are charged with

protecting Congress much as the Secret

Service defends the

president these officers have to be more

cautious than ever

before terrorists have begun to plant

two bombs at their target sites the

primary bomb explodes first followed by

a secondary device that's left to kill

the policemen who come to

investigate things have changed a

lot we talked about secondary devices

for years and now we're starting to see

them on actual incidents in the US

they've been common in Europe for some

time and the degree of sophistication

has increased to the point where there

are literally proximity devices which

used to be limited to military

explosives that explode when you

approach them they just sense a change

in the magnetic field and off they go

what's it look like well it looks like a

box put about this big when an

experienced officer identifies a

suspicious package as a bomb the police

take no chances they they send in the Andros

Andros

5 the Andros 5 Robot has become the tool

of choice for bomb squads in high-risk

areas around the world the robot's

popularity is a sad reflection of the

enforcement the machine is teleoperated

which means that its actions are

controlled from a safe distance by the bomb

squad guide its multiple Claws and

cameras takes practice but most officers

feel it's worth the

effort actually I'd like to send the

robot in every time um makes my job a

whole lot safer and I think our job is

relatively safe with our training and

Equipment but there's that word relative

and there's zero risk in sending the robot

robot

in and if the robot Bites the Dust well

I'm still here to requisition another

one and I've got all of my extremities

loss now comes the most critical part of

the operation the robot must drop the

bomb into a custommade sphere that will

[Music] [Applause]

somewhere in New Mexico a fighter bomber

has crashed the military needs to get a

nuclear weapon out of the burning

wreckage they send in a robotic Humvee

these are the jobs that robots are

beginning to take on jobs that literally

nobody wants to do again it's what

roboticists call the 3DS dirty dull and

dangerous work like the Andros 5 this

robot is T

operated the hve can drive largely by

itself but its arms are completely

controlled by a human [Music]

[Music]

operator this is the key question of

Robotics how smart does the machine need

to be the answer most roboticists give

is simple it must be smart enough to get

the job done in some cases you wouldn't

want to trust a machine to do everything

but the strain of controlling every tiny

movement from afar is often too much for

tele operators especially if there's a

time delay between Human Action and machine

machine

response the newest robots use the

faster cheaper computers available today

to let robots think for themselves at

point there are three basic ways to make

robots work an intelligent teleoperated

system has some computerized control at

the the robot end but a human makes

virtually all of the

decisions with supervisory control the

human makes key decisions about what the

robot should do and the robot has enough

intelligence to perform its tasks

without constant

guidance an autonomous robot is

virtually free of human

control this might not always be a good thing

toore the most amazing the most

fantastic creation of man's mind oh he looks

looks

alive toore bringing you chills you've

never known before people's perceptions

of robots as compared to what they

really are is one of the biggest

problems that we have to face as

roboticists because Hollywood keeps on

perceiving these robots and projecting

them as competent capable machines that

will take over your world when you're

not looking when in actual fact it's

very hard for a robot even to get it

Steely butt off the ground let alone

wander around room and actually do

something like say vacu it the real

future for these things we feel is when

we can finally break that barrier when

you can finally take machines away from

the little boxes that we have to put

them in like factories or even computers

and give them the power to be able to

interact in the real

world getes out so in the mid 1990s the

two Dante robots became famous for their

Adventures out in the most remote parts

of the real world these eight-legged

tethered machines climbed into active

volcanoes in Alaska and

Antarctica the first Dante broke down

almost immediately when its fiber optic

communication mind froze and

snapped the second robot fared much

better for days it crawled around a

volcanic crater sampling toxic gas

ping I think we're ready to stand up and

try stroken and turnning Dante was

controlled using satellite links to the

continental United

States the machine received basic

instructions then slowly plotted out its

crator the mission was overseen by NASA

robotics Chief Dave

lavy with the Dante projects basically I

was responsible as the NASA Tel robotics

program manager for being NASA

representative for both field parties

Dante 1 and Dante 2 when you get a

seconding give it to your te pay the

real significance of of both projects uh

one it was a demonstration that the

technology associated with the robotics

was ready to make the leap out of a

laboratory environment into a real harsh

realistic setting you can't get anything

that's more harsh than a polar volcano

as far as we've been able to find on

this planet and yet the robotics

technology has shown that there's a

capability there for saf delivering a

science package into a volcano interior

and then bring the data back out without

lives Dante was a product of Carnegie

melon University the headquarters of one

of the major figures in robotics today

red Whitaker is a former Marine who has

made it his life's work to build robots

that can function in harsh

environments he is the deao leader of

the top down approach to robotics which

mimics the way humans the animals at the

top of the food chain interact with their

their

world Whitaker's robots are programmed

with an advanced knowledge of their

surroundings every action they take is

carefully considered and weighed against

an overall plan formed by their computer

brains they are also notoriously big

I've already been thinking ahead to uh

next design on this thing and something

more monolithic maybe uh get the my

first uh 50 robots probably have the

wrap of being uh the mega robots the big

guys that uh red builds big machines and

whether it's a mouse or a moose the

thing that's important is that it's

purpose I was a little Restless in my

world uh looking for something different

and more and Computing was already a

little far along I sought something that

would be pioneering true invention and

creation and also uh good for decades

and something that would impact make a

difference in my lifetime uh I chose

robots the real galvanizing event was uh

taking on development of the machines to

clean up the 3M Island nuclear accident

and uh that experience then set the

career Whitaker's company Red Zone has

made a full-time business out of

building robots that go where humans

Fear To

Tread this is Rosie a robot that

decontaminates and dismantles aging nuclear

nuclear

facilities in a few days Rosie will be

sent away to tear apart a reactor near

$750,000 once she goes into service

she's expected to function without

failure no one will be able to fix her

when she's [Music]

[Music]

radioactive Houdini is a Red Zone robot

that works at the Oakridge nuclear weapons

weapons [Music]

[Music]

plant after lowering itself into a

hazardous waste tank

Houdini uses a dozen different tools to

scoop up and store away sludge so lethal

it could kill most of the life on [Applause]

[Applause] [Music]

[Music]

Earth Whitaker's robots are very

functional but he will admit they aren't very

very

glamorous in the early going uh things

were uh simple uh form follow function

and uh the only challenge was to get a

robot to navigate or clean up a nuke uh

setting uh or to uh perform an

industrial task uh now people actually

expect robots to look like robots and to

uh speak like robots uh the Amer robot

uh behind us uh did in fact uh think

about where it would move uh that it

would be moving its uh left foot forward

and then uh crowding the next obstacle

to leave room for the right foot to get

up and on and actually to express uh

what it was doing and what it was about

people actually were uh Enchanted by

that um I think that next Generation

robots have to master that kind of

speech and interaction a lot more than

their personal status or the weather

report but to really interact in the way

[Music]

now Whitaker's early robots were among

the first that could function outside of

a laboratory without constantly breaking

down down but apart from Whitaker no one

had much luck making robots that could

reliably find their way through unpredictable

unpredictable

environments and no one at all could

quickly then Along Came Rodney Brooks

the inventor of the bottomup approach to

robotics which mimics the behavior of

creatures at the bottom of the food

chain back in the early 80s

robots were very very slow they were

connected to mainframe computers they

would compute for minutes at a time

before the robot could move even a meter

and if anything changed in the world in

the meantime they were completely lost

what was going on and I looked around at

insects and insects you know could fly

around at a meter or so per second they

could avoid getting eaten by some by a

bird they could Chase prey after they go

through ma in behaves so it seemed to me

that maybe we were organizing the

computation the wrong way and the way we

were approaching robots and that maybe

by trying to organize the computation a

little more like it's organized in

insects we would get much better [Music]

[Music]

performance Brooks insect robots aren't

intelligent the way we think of humans

or even computers as being instead they

operate on patterns of behavior when you

turn them on they're brainless but with

each step they take they learn how to

adapt to their environments

rather than having a standard Central

controller these robots have separate

layers of behaviors that are independent

but which communicate no Advanced

Behavior can start unless the simpler

ones are up and running when I first

started talking about these ideas uh the

only good thing going for me was I had

videotapes of robots really doing things

that other robots weren't doing

otherwise it would have been dismissed

as a total flake and probably would have

been total flake um but because I had

some performance people looked at it and

thought maybe there's something there

but there was still a lot of uh

arguments with me and a lot of

resistance now over time people who

actually build robots have generally

come to accept this Approach at the

lowlevel aspects of controlling a robot

and it's become the standard way to

operate unlike Whitaker Brooks is not an

engineer his specialty is building

brains the robot's bodies are made by

his colleagues and students at

MIT but like Whitaker Brooks is

ambitious and not opposed to making

money Brooks is now chairman of is

robotics the bottomup version of Red

Zone ready um how are the new tracks

going I guess uh virtually everyone on

staff is an MIT alumnus they all share

the dream of putting a robot in every

living room this week or next week we'll

get set but right now many of their

robots are paid for by the people who

brought you duct tape and the internet

the United States military the is

concept is to build swarms of small

inexpensive robots that can cover

terrain too dangerous for troops to

enter this m sweeper is designed to be

carried by soldiers into combat

zones the controls are strictly

supervisory the machine Finds Its way

through the world in the same brainless

Ariel is an underwater mine sweeper

built for the

Navy the idea is that before soldiers

hit the beach dozens of these robots

will March in and sacrifice themselves

traps Ariel's body was based on a crab

if currents throw it about it can op

down is also sells versions of the genas

robot to labs around the world the

original genas launched the insect robot

Revolution it was built by Colin angle a

one-time grad student of Brooks who is

now head of is angle and Brooks believe

the entertainment Market could provide

the monetary push that commercial robotic

needs much as computer games helped

finance the microprocessor boom a

must-have robot toy could fuel the next high-tech

Revolution this robot baby doll might be

the start of something big so the the

doll is capable of uh sensing lots of

different interactions before it gets

too upset and really all it wants to do

is nap and eat we can demonstrate some

of these things like um he likes to play

can he's just singing a song that he he

sings when he plays patty cake and he he

likes he you can see he's kind of like

that he also likes to

bounce but if of course bouncing the

baby like I'm doing also very tiring

show the baby so if I keep if as long as

I keep doing it he'll be in a good mood

but if I stop like I did he's going to

very very rapidly get

upset and [Music]

C so we should give him his bottle Rod

why don't you demonstrate that yes he

he's not being real happy right

now oh that's better that's much better

well we we've

instrumented we've instrumented the doll

with a number of different sensors like

inside the B the body

there's um a ball in a cage and we can

sense where that ball is and where it's

moving and we can detect rhythms so we

use that to determine rocking and

orientation and if Rod was to hold it

upside down it really doesn't like that

um and it's going to start it'll it'll

cry and um so that that puts in a really

bad mood we we really did upset it by

holding it upside down because it's got

this these various drives that need to

be satiated and and um certain uh

emotions that get excited by both good

things and bad things give it a hug and

the hugging sort of uh lets it get a little

little [Music]

[Music]

happier it's a very reassuring and and

um and comforting sort of thing so you

can see he we' we've improved we've

improved his his uh mood measurably by

giving it a little TLC

here in robotics a lot of us feel like

we've been cheated by Hollywood in that

Hollywood has Shan robots doing things

that we don't have any possible

capability of doing with our robots

right now so people are disappointed

when they see our real robots um on the

other hand I'm more optimistic now than

I was 5 years ago that we're going to

eventually catch up with Hollywood and

and maybe before too long maybe even my

in my lifetime be doing a few things

that that Hollywood hasn't thought of

just yet

like what well I haven't thought of them

mystery the animal kingdom is filled

with millions of different designs for

creatures far more capable than today's

robots but as Rodney Brooks has shown

building machines based on Lower forms

of life is a promising path on the road

to the ultimate goal

creating an artificial

human the ongoing miniaturization of

computer processors and parts has

resulted in the first wave of machine

copies of organic life what science

fiction films called

replicants and nobody builds replicants

as well as the men and women at the

Technology mit's leg lab is constructing

a mly assortment of replicants ranging

from robotic flamingos to creatures that defy

description robot robot's your official

Rob doesn't like that it doesn't really

in our laboratory how to name the thing

sort of like naming a child you know

okay here we

go the secret to getting these machines

to run walk and hop is a combination of

nuts and bolts engine engineering and

writing this one-legged robot has no

onboard computer it's kept upright by pure

pure

physics but when the robots have

multiple legs they're propped up by

something called virtual model control

the machines are tricked into keeping

their balance by a simulated spinal cord

built into their computer brain [Music]

the virtual spinal cord lets this robot

called spring turkey walk on two

legs until recently this was considered

impossible but the leg lab tackles The

Impossible every day for instance Peter

Dilworth is trying to bring dinosaurs

back to life working from the skeleton

of a tradon he has painstakingly

assembled a two-legged robot that he

hopes will walk and run like the

Monsters of the

Mesozoic ultimately he would like to

build a zoo filled with Dinosaur

replicants like many young roboticists

dilworth's work has been inspired by science

science

fiction one of the things that really

got me interested was this little guy um

this is the uh

robotic soldier from uh Star

Wars the whole idea of seeing these

robots in the

movies made convinced me that that it

must be possible to actually make them

they look so real and and uh I felt that

you know why can't I make that why can't

existence the trick of making a robot

walk is being able to control forces on

the legs at least as far as walking by

bip pedal walking with two legs um is

concerned I mean there are robots with

six legs hexapod robots that can walk

and crawl but they're statically stable

but in the case of this robot um a bipad

robot the balance of the robot is is

much more complex and uh in order to

maintain balance you need to be able to

to um push against the ground very

carefully you know with just the right

amount of pressure and you need to be

able to to sense how much pressure

you're you're feeling on your leg

because that that information the sense

of how much force you're using is is is

an important part of figuring out what

your balance is [Music]

[Music]

replication doesn't just mean imitating

a creatur's physical movements it can

also mean emulating the way they

behave creatures like ants which are

driven entirely by instinct manag to

accomplish great feats by pooling their

limited intelligence could the same

thing happen with machines of limited

intelligence James McClaren has studied

the way that insect colonies function by

building robot ants that communicate

using infrared devices the robots signal

each other if they find food and they

learn to cooperate to solve simple

problems when you make robots small you

have a lot of advantages due to their

size you can put them places where you

can't get larger robots you could have

them forging around through um nuclear

power plants going through pipes looking

for cracks you can even put them in

human body use them for surgery we're

being funded two years ago to work on um

surgical robots about this big they

would go through your large intestine

and uh perform surgery so small robots

are good um only problem is that with

when you have small robot they tend to

be small so one of them can't get very

much done you like to have a community

of them working together to run around

and collect dir from a refrigerator or

spy in a building um in the building you

want at the very least all of them to

avoid each other so you wouldn't all end

but some of the most promising work in

replication is focused on the most

diverse forms of life on Earth the

creatures of the

sea mankind has long marveled at the

grace and power of fish which can Propel

themselves through ocean waters at great

speed with minimal expenditure of energy

wouldn't it be nice if we could take all

of our sophisticated sensors and pack

them into something small fast and

capable of swimming the ocean something

for instance like an artificial

fish this is mit's Department of ocean

engineering the home of Robo Tuna the

Tuna known as Charlie is used to study

how fish Propel themselves through water

at great

speed modeled after the blue fin tuna

the fastest fish in the sea Robo tuna

looks and swims just like its real life

counterpart it also squirts out a trail

of phosphorescent dye that let

scientists analyze its underwater

contortions we had a nice matching ships

and submarines of the future will

incorporate the swimming lessons that

Charlie is [Music]

[Music]

teaching Robo tuna was such a success

that it spawned a free floating followup

Robo Pike Robo Pike has a fiberglass rib

cage that is wrapped in foam and light

cup its movements are powered by three

motors that drive an elaborate system of

internal cables and pulley these

tendons affectionately Called Wanda by

its chief designer John KP Robo Pike is

a Great Leap Forward in the quest to

build a genuine

replicant uh I was an undergrad walking

through the Halls at MIT and I saw a

said come work on a robot fish and so I

I don't know I just I knew that project

was for me I never thought it would you

know I never guessed but I was uh I was

already into robots and I already worked

a little bit in the field and uh it

looked like a much more interesting

project than most of the stuff out there

most of the robots out there kind of

boring like welding robots or you know

they're just not they didn't quite have

[Music]

pipe is going to be used to help us

learn about swimming and eventually

we're going to do something like throw

it into the ocean and ask it to go

follow fish around and tell us what they

do and how come we can't get our our

craft to go through the water with

little as little energy as it takes for

a fish to do it I mean what do they what

can they do that we can't you know and

so part of the mission of the pike is to

figure that out is to like tell us you

know we can output sensors and we can

put um we can put computers on board and

collect data and we can find out exactly

how this body and this undulating this

articulated mechanism which is just like

a fish interacts with the water so you

know nature already knows the solution

we have to go find [Music]

[Music]

out on a warm summer evening John takes

Robo Pike for its first trial swim in

River when you start to approach a

problem like this you just develop a new respect

respect

for um what goes into a living creature

and how

amazingly they're put together and how

they're filled with uh creativity and of

of A Sort that you know makes you makes

you wonder if there really is a God [Music]

it's early in the morning off the coast

of Northern California but the good chip

Point Lobos has been underway for some

time its mission is to bring a deep sea

diving robot called the Ventana to the

site of an ocean research

experiment the Ventana is an ROV

remotely operated vehicle

it is equipped with seven cameras four

onboard lasers for targeting two robot

arms and an assortment of

interchangeable Claws and power

tools it's one of the hundreds of

oceangoing robots in use around the

world rovs are usually pressed into

service by oil companies looking for

offshore petroleum but the Ventana is

special it belongs to the Monteray Bay

Aquarium Research Institute a nonprofit

group funded with a hefty Grant from the

late David Packard of the computer giant hulet

hulet

Packard the group known as mbari

conducts pure oceanographic research

they're trying to learn more about life

in the darkest most mysterious parts of the

the [Music]

ocean the Ventana regularly Dives to

depths of 5,000 ft where the pressure is

so great it could implode a human

being the pressure problem is compounded

by the fact that the robot is an

electrical device operating in deep

catastrophic normally the Ventana goes

out on picture taking missions of ocean

life today however it's installing a

scientific instrument in a canyon wall

at the bottom of Monteray

Bay well see what the lasers are right

now that's that's our seismometer site

that hole right the mission is flown by

a crew sitting in the belly of the Point

Lobos can you hold it here yeah go ahead

just go ahead and zoom I want to see how

close we are to the

wall yeah there you go that's good just

that's not a bad area medium oil right

away well right now the r is balancing

on a rock so we have uh 5,000 lb of

vehicle trying to the hold station can

do that standing up on uh just touching

in one place on a rock that's sticking

out on the left hand side here and while

we're balancing on the Rock another

pilot is controlling the manipulator I

can't I can't swing anymore and trying

to so what do you need me to

do cylindrical housing that would hold a

seismometer into the hole to starb yeah got

got

it yeah yeah it's going membar does not

operate any manned submersibles they

believe that robots are the future of

deep sea

exploration humans will remain safely

above water or even on land while their

robot proxies Plumb the depths of the

Abyss the same approach is being used to

help mankind explore another

space Santa Monica California is a far

cry from the vacuum of space or even the

surface of the Moon or Mars yet it's

here that roboticists have gathered for

Roundup near the fogden beach some of

the best engineering mines in the world

present a gaggle of wielded tracked and

legged devices that they hope will one

day cross the Sands of other worlds they

look slow and somewhat clumsy but the

fact that they move at all is a technological

technological

Triumph Rovers have to meet a set of

requirements even more demanding than

undersea robots they must survive being

shot into space land on other moons and

planets and then operate in an alien

environment for extended periods of time

if they break down they're a long way from

help I

demonstration thank you for this and

many other reasons most Rovers move very

slowly a Rover whizzing across Terrain

in Low Gravity could bounce on a rock

and fly over the side of a

cliff this is good engineering but it

doesn't make for much of a spectacle

still these machines are the best hope

the human race has in the next few

decades to expand its knowledge about

the origins of the universe

man space missions are now considered

too dangerous and expensive to mount

robotic astronauts will have to do our

exploring for us fundamentally these

robers that you've seen today some of

them are designed for the moon but

largely we're looking at robers that are

designed to go to

Mars the pan and tilt mechanism um on 15

years ago we were really worried about

simple little controls how could we get

it to do this little task or that little

task and today we actually handle most

of those you know there's a whole realm

of things that have to do with obstacle

avoidance which we still worry about but

is pretty well in hand we pretty well

understand how to do it now we're we're

have environments that are just

wonderful for controlling a robot to get

and do a task um and partially it's

driven by advances in software and

especially the advances in Computing

technology being smaller cheaper more

powerful lighter it's just massively

influenced what we're doing the vehicle

you see out here now [Music]

[Music]

robotic explorers have actually flown in

space for decades bringing a set of eyes

and ears to places human beings could

never dream of visiting the robotic

space Pioneers included America's

Mariner Viking and Voyager and Russia's

vanera and

lunod these Celestial emissaries sent

back the first close-up pictures of

other worlds they forever changed the

way we see the universe

but the early probes had little onboard

intelligence at the time computers were

bulky and

slow almost all spacecraft actions were

controlled from the [Music]

[Music]

earth the next generation of space

robots are smaller and smarter they have

enough brains on board to take orders

without second to Second

supervision Mars Pathfinder was the

first of a series of missions that NASA

is sending to Mars r roughly every 2

years Pathfinder carried the Mars sojer

the first Rover sent into [Music]

[Music]

space Sojourner landed on Mars July 4th

1997 thus becoming Humanity's first

semi-intelligent Emissary to another

world at NASA's jet propulsion

laboratory Rocky 7 is making its way

across a rock for Rock Recreation of a

Mars Landing

site this Rover is a great technological

soj packed full of sensors and downsized

computing power Rocky is built to do

much of its work without constant human

guidance in this case a NASA controller

sends Rocky a message saying take a look

at these five rocks and get a soil

sample Rocky works out for itself how to

get to the rocks and what to do when it

arrives at the end of each Mission it

will download its data to Earth then

wait for its next

assignment eventually fleets of small

inexpensive Rovers could roam Mars and

the moon Paving the way for human

pilgrims robots have a number of

different roles for space exploration

probably the one that's most significant

is to be a precursor for eventual human

presence especially on PL surfaces this

is the idea where you want to send a

robot for example to the surface of Mars

to do a survey to find out what the

chemical composition of the soil of the

planet may be to see if there's a way we

can process that soil to get life

sustaining chemicals for the humans to

utilize when they get there eventually

then later on they can actually be doing

surveys for potential human Landing

sites or even preparation of a of a

human habitat so basically a human

flight that may come 10 or 15 or even 20

years later will have their house

already built sitting on the surface of

is waiting for them to just open the

live this is the Space Systems

laboratory in College Park Maryland the

SSL is building the Ranger Space robot

for NASA under conditions that reflect

the realities of government budget cuts

Ranger is being largely designed and

flown by a small band of enthusiastic

scientists and grad students at the

its parts were bought at hardware stores

or Handmade by the students

themselves today the team is placing

Ranger into a water tank for a practice

run of a mission it will soon fly in outer

space serving as a kind of remotely

operated auto mechanic Ranger will float

outside the International Space Station

performing tasks such as such as

unscrewing panels and replacing Parts

it's designed to reduce the number of

hours astronauts have to spend on

walks after NASA announced Ranger

Japan's national space development

agency declared that it had designed a

similar robot that would be launched

first et7 is being built by three of the

biggest companies in the

country Japan wants to beat the US to

space with a tel robot for simple reason

money is at

stake robotics is a major growth

industry and the Japanese want to hold

on to and expand upon their Market their

view is so longterm that corporations

are working on the details of using

robots to build settlements on the moon

Years rovers are also part of Japan's

effort to restake Humanity's claim on the

the

moon later versions of this unique

three-wheel design have a good chance of

roaming across the lunar soil searching

for valuable mineral

deposits the US and Japan are in a

semifriendly technological Cold War like

the US Soviet race of the

1960s space is the initial place that

this high-profile technology will be put

but no matter what nation owns the

hardware the result will benefit us all

the massive streams of data flowing back

to Earth from our robots will let us see

the universe in a unique New Way Through

The Eyes of our space fairing explorers

we know what it's like to float amongst

the Stars [Music]

you're looking at the World of Tomorrow

Laboratories srl is a San Francisco

based performance art group their

malevolent machines spurt Napal and

battle to the death before audiences

the group takes Army Surplus ordinance

and retools it to create these Roman

circuses of

Destruction it's a black humored parody

of military Meade death

technology but it is also a bleak vision

of an apocalyptic future in which hunter

killer machines run wild [Music]

[Music]

in the wake of the high-tech Carnage of

the Gulf War it's not difficult to

imagine that this cybernetic

slaughterhouse could soon be duplicated

life but at the moment battlefields

ruled by autonomous robotic Predators

future this is not to say that the wars

to come will look anything like the wars

past the killing zones of the future are

changing because the line between

fighting men and Fighting Machines grows

[Music]

for all practical purposes these

soldiers are cyborgs they are fully

wired into the electronics attached to

their bodies and built into their guns

they always know where they are and

where their enemies [Music]

robots will have a place in this plugged in

Battlefield but they won't be pulling the

trigger the idea of autonomous or even

semi-autonomous killing robots uh is

extremely difficult to imagine for a

variety of reasons it's difficult to

imagine even very Advanced future robots

uh being able to develop the sort of

flexibility and cunning that a human

being would be able to exhibit um the

ability to address and deal with novel

situations and unforeseen

circumstances uh robots machines are

capable of seeing things in terms of

black and white ones and zeros uh

whereas a human being is capable of

seeing things in Shades of Gray and

that's really what's required for that

military tradition is another barrier to

putting Killer Robots on the battlefield

since the dawn of civilization great

armies have been built around the skill

and spirit of their fighting men the

idea of handing over the waging of War

to machines does not sit well with

professional soldiers for this reason

most military robots today are unarmed spies

at Sandia National Laboratories

Engineers have built a fleet of

teleoperated robots that navigate

hostile terrain and fet their way deep

Behind Enemy

Lines most of these machines are

intended for use as Scouts ground

equivalents of spy satellites or reconnaissance

reconnaissance [Music]

[Music]

planes miniature Rovers have their place

here too their small size gives them

access to areas that human spies find

penetrate the same robotic Control

Systems now being put into cars and

tanks supposedly these will be used as

decoys though it's not hard to imagine a

fully armed teleoperated tank rolling

across a

battlefield the army of course isn't [Music]

[Music]

talking Sandy's fire ant is a

teleoperated robot with [Music]

[Music]

fangs the vehicle drives out to a lonely

spot then waits for its pray [Applause]

[Applause] [Music]

[Music]

unmanned flying robots are increasingly

common in today's Air [Music]

[Music]

Force drone planes have flown since the

second world war but today they're

flying at all altitudes often for days on

on [Music]

[Music]

end here too their primary mission is

collecting intelligence they provide

continuous realtime information about the

the

battlefield but the best known flying

deadliest since their introduction in

the 1950s cruise missiles have proven

themselves easily as lethal as the

Terminator and perhaps a bit

smarter they can fly at rooftop level

for hundreds of miles they make

decisions about their course changing

direction as they encounter

obstacles and they are notoriously

proficient at

finding and fatally striking their

targets the technology component of

military operations has continued to

grow over time and and will continue to

as our technological sophistication as a

society and as a world uh

increases that does not suggest however

that the future Battlefield will be

empty of human beings and uh and wars

fought by machines against other

machines the more likely scenario is

human soldiers working alongside robots

sort in Tandem and the military is only

just now beginning to explore where the

synergies might be found uh of using

the Sega joyus is a two-story

state-of-the-art arcade in Tokyo's Shinjuku

Shinjuku [Music]

District using a combination of Robotics

and highdef visuals Sega has put

hundreds of real istic simulated

experiences under one noisy

roof for most of us entertainment is the

first place we will have up close and

personal encounters with new robotic

systems the technology that powers these

machines is being built into the

Consumer Electronics of Tomorrow it

includes high resolution screen adaptive

audio artificial intelligence and

advanced haptic

interfaces haptics is the word

roboticists use when they mean the sense

of touch these children can actually

feel the pull of a virtual fish on the

line the key to sega's success with

these simulators is the way that real

life objects are integrated into an

artificial World game players sit in

genuine racing cars or hold onto real

skis but the rest of the experience is

created by computers and robots

these machines sense your movements and

respond to your actions the synthesis of

perfect all of this has been made

possible by the ever increasing power of computer

computer

processing this plant makes Pentium

processor chips for

Intel it cost $2.5 billion to build and

most of the shs it's making today will

be obsolete in a handful of years

according to the rule of thumb made

famous by Gordon Moore one of Intel's

Founders processing power doubles every

18 months 10 years from now one CPU

could have the processing power of every

computer on Earth today this incredible

progress is the result of a whole new

realm of Engineering Building machines

at the microscopic level

silicon micro Machining um which wasn't

around just a few years ago but is now

becoming very common is going to have a

big impact on robots and are going to

let us get a lot closer to the sort of

sensor density that we see on animals on

insects where a cockroach has

30,000 air sensitive hairs on its legs

with conventional technology we couldn't

put that density of sensors on a on a

small robot but with silicon micro

Machining we will be able

to but for truly extreme and potentially

world changing robotics we need to drop

down another thousand times in size down

to the level of

nanometers nanot technology seeks to

build machines at the molecular

level imagine a factory such as this

shrunk way way down thousands of such

super small factories will assemble tiny

robotic construction workers the nanor

robots will then tear apart and

rearrange the atoms of whatever

materials they're

given Nano robots would be the ultimate

recyclers just take yesterday's trash

throw it into the Nano

processor and out comes a sofa but Nano

robots could just as easily be

programmed to turn your body into a pool of

jelly but this is the most extreme and

perhaps far-fetched vision of nano technology

the Practical work being done today is

seen in this computer simulation from

NASA it shows how we might build

materials that are atomically

precise this would result in lightweight

super strong Metals Plastics and even

Diamond hard surfaces that could

revolutionize everything from medicine

to space

travel at NASA's as Research Center the

mightiest parallel processing computers

in the world are being used to solve

nanotechnology's enormous technical

challenges This research is still in its early

early

stages working nanotechnology might not

happen for a long time or it might not

happen at

all a lot of the critics are saying is

this is really hard and it is really

hard but there's a couple of reasons we

think that it's possible first if you

look at the physics nobody's been able

to say look at this physics you can't do

it number two is we have an example of

atomically precise replicating machines

and that's life the cell is programmed

with DNA and environmental factors it

replicates life can build trees and

whales and and grass and people and dogs

and whatever so sort of life is the

existence proof that being able to build

atomically precise products and put them

together and and use replication is a

[Music]

if the idea of self-replicating machines

seems unlikely one need only turn to

Japan for a larger scale look at the

future in the foothills of Mount Fuji

fanic Industries manufacturers industrial

industrial

machines the ratio of humans to robots

in this plant is approximately 100 to

one humans supervise but these machines

actually build build

themselves our robots have the ability

to reproduce themselves if they also

become highly intelligent we must begin

to ask whether or not they are now

alive the Advent of new technologies

makes the creation of new life forms

including artificial humans more and

all over the world robots are moving out

of the Laboratories and into our lives

xav here here I just stopped to say hi

but for some roboticists these pragmatic

designs are just small steps along the

path to the Holy Grail the creation of

[Music] human whether they're called robots

human whether they're called robots Androids or humanoids artificial humans

Androids or humanoids artificial humans have captured the popular imagination

have captured the popular imagination since they were first envisioned in the

1920s typically humanoids are cast as soulless embodiments of the mechanical

soulless embodiments of the mechanical age

age symbols of our

symbols of our [Music]

dehumanization Movie robots are often strong silent types devoid of emotion

strong silent types devoid of emotion and loaded with fire

power but he's a robot without you what could he do there's no limit to what he

could he do there's no limit to what he could do he could destroy the Earth

could do he could destroy the Earth [Music]

[Music] but a few friendly faces have worked

but a few friendly faces have worked their way into popular culture you must

their way into popular culture you must come along now AR you this really

come along now AR you this really nothing more we can do and my joints are

nothing more we can do and my joints are freezing

freezing up don't say things like that of course

up don't say things like that of course we'll see Master Luke again and he'll be

we'll see Master Luke again and he'll be quite all right you'll see perhaps these

quite all right you'll see perhaps these creations of fantasy are reflections of

creations of fantasy are reflections of our mixed emotions about

technology building a humanoid in the real world is a lot harder than the

real world is a lot harder than the movies make it look and putting brains

movies make it look and putting brains in the package is harder still but we

in the package is harder still but we seem compelled to try for centuries our

seem compelled to try for centuries our curiosity about the intricate Machinery

curiosity about the intricate Machinery of life has driven us to create

of life has driven us to create mechanical versions of ourselves

the finest artificial humans of the Industrial Age were the Clockwork

Industrial Age were the Clockwork automatons of the 18th and 19th

automatons of the 18th and 19th centuries watch makers and Engineers

centuries watch makers and Engineers tinkered together these lifelike figures

tinkered together these lifelike figures from tin cloth and

from tin cloth and Ceramics their realistic movements were

Ceramics their realistic movements were driven by the same windup mechanisms

driven by the same windup mechanisms that power grandfather

clocks automatons were usually built for entertainment but some believed that if

entertainment but some believed that if they built exact replicas of human

they built exact replicas of human beings and they imbued their replicas

beings and they imbued their replicas with a power of movement their Creations

with a power of movement their Creations might just come to

life all right now elro Electro was a mechanical man built by Westinghouse his

mechanical man built by Westinghouse his appearances at the 1939 World's Fair

appearances at the 1939 World's Fair made him the most influential humanoid

made him the most influential humanoid of the 20th century he's almost human

of the 20th century he's almost human he wasn't so big i' take him for an

he wasn't so big i' take him for an engineer now Electro a moment ago you

engineer now Electro a moment ago you were bragging about uh being able to

were bragging about uh being able to count on your fingers do you remember

count on your fingers do you remember that well we're going to find out about

that well we're going to find out about that now uh do you remember how many

that now uh do you remember how many children were born at the same time to a

children were born at the same time to a certain family up in Canada do you

certain family up in Canada do you remember that all right let's see if you

remember that all right let's see if you do count them

do count them on

on your right

your right hand 1 2 3

hand 1 2 3 four

four five five well that's absolutely correct

five five well that's absolutely correct how can he do all those things Jim he's

how can he do all those things Jim he's full of Motors gears cams and

full of Motors gears cams and photoelectric cells you could fill a

photoelectric cells you could fill a book with all the electromechanical

book with all the electromechanical principles involved in the thing all

principles involved in the thing all right the robot appeared intelligent but

right the robot appeared intelligent but in fact its actions were dictated by an

in fact its actions were dictated by an electric eye that triggered preset

electric eye that triggered preset responses and folks he's only 2 years

responses and folks he's only 2 years old too just learning

since the days of Electro mechanical men and beasts have become entertainment

and beasts have become entertainment fixtures in films and in theme parks

fixtures in films and in theme parks such as Universal's Jurassic Park ride

such as Universal's Jurassic Park ride robots have reached a frighteningly high

robots have reached a frighteningly high level of

[Applause] [Music]

realism hey crits how are you enjoying it so far shows like this are designed

it so far shows like this are designed to give all you people if you'll forget

to give all you people if you'll forget the expression

Goosebumps the Crypt Keeper of Tales from the Crypt is a state-of-the-art

from the Crypt is a state-of-the-art artificial human or artificial inhuman

artificial human or artificial inhuman as the case may be the robot's movements

as the case may be the robot's movements are Guided by an offscreen

are Guided by an offscreen operator a cage around the operator's

operator a cage around the operator's head contains sensors that track the

head contains sensors that track the movements of his head and face the robot

movements of his head and face the robot mirrors his

actions you know kitties I have a great deal in common with the Phantom of the

deal in common with the Phantom of the Opera the cryp Keeper's dialogue emerges

Opera the cryp Keeper's dialogue emerges in a convincing way from its silicone

in a convincing way from its silicone lips thanks to sophisticated software

lips thanks to sophisticated software and dozens of mechanical muscles buried

and dozens of mechanical muscles buried beneath its

beneath its skin hey what's going on up

skin hey what's going on up there the cryp keeper was building by a

there the cryp keeper was building by a California company called

California company called AVG AVG started out as a maker of

AVG AVG started out as a maker of industrial robots specifically machines

industrial robots specifically machines that sewed up car upholstery but after

that sewed up car upholstery but after creating a few androids for the movies

creating a few androids for the movies they left the dll side of Robotics

they left the dll side of Robotics behind for the glamour of Hollywood now

behind for the glamour of Hollywood now AVG builds entertainment robots for

AVG builds entertainment robots for museums and amusement parks around the

museums and amusement parks around the world the company has designed creatures

world the company has designed creatures of all shapes and and

sizes unlike the robots you'll find at Nasa these machines aren't assembled in

Nasa these machines aren't assembled in sterile

sterile Laboratories avg's humanoids start out

Laboratories avg's humanoids start out as plaster

as plaster casts this is a mold for a prehistoric

casts this is a mold for a prehistoric woman being created for a Japanese

Museum the white goop being painted on a cast of her arms will quickly turn into

cast of her arms will quickly turn into into soft silicone

into soft silicone skin eventually that skin will be

skin eventually that skin will be stretched over a robot body similar to

stretched over a robot body similar to this

this humanoids he's called Mr Tech and unlike

humanoids he's called Mr Tech and unlike conventional robots he's powered by air

conventional robots he's powered by air pressure not

pressure not electricity having air for blood makes

electricity having air for blood makes his movement smooth and it makes him

his movement smooth and it makes him less prone to breaking

less prone to breaking down in the world of theme parks where

down in the world of theme parks where humanoids run through set routines

humanoids run through set routines thousands of times a year reliability is

thousands of times a year reliability is essential but Mr Tech is really just an

essential but Mr Tech is really just an actor playing a limited part from which

actor playing a limited part from which he can never deviate will we ever build

he can never deviate will we ever build a humanoid that can think for itself can

a humanoid that can think for itself can we build machines that not only look

we build machines that not only look like humans but behave like humans as is

like humans but behave like humans as is often the case in robotics opinions

often the case in robotics opinions differ but in the United States and

differ but in the United States and especially in Japan engineers and

especially in Japan engineers and scientists are making significant

scientists are making significant progress in the quest to create an

progress in the quest to create an artificial

[Music] man Tokyo's II bukuro district is a

man Tokyo's II bukuro district is a Showplace for the latest consumer

Showplace for the latest consumer [Music]

[Music] technology here hundreds of thousands of

technology here hundreds of thousands of devices are sold at bargain prices to

devices are sold at bargain prices to cons consumers with a seemingly

cons consumers with a seemingly bottomless appetite for the newest

bottomless appetite for the newest fastest and most elegant machines it's

fastest and most elegant machines it's no surprise then to learn that Japan has

no surprise then to learn that Japan has the largest population of robots in the

the largest population of robots in the world more than seven times as many as

world more than seven times as many as the runner up the United States the

the runner up the United States the fascination with humanoids that runs

fascination with humanoids that runs through Japan's popular culture is

through Japan's popular culture is reflected in the real life efforts of

reflected in the real life efforts of its

its Engineers Japan has launched a long-term

Engineers Japan has launched a long-term project to create a silicone underclass

project to create a silicone underclass of domestic servants robot Butlers robot

of domestic servants robot Butlers robot housekeepers and robot nurses and they

housekeepers and robot nurses and they believe it's essential that those robots

believe it's essential that those robots are

humanoids this is Ali 2 it was built at Tokyo's Wasa

Tokyo's Wasa University it's designed to react to

University it's designed to react to stimuli the way humans

stimuli the way humans do in this this case it has been

do in this this case it has been programmed to display emotional

programmed to display emotional responses to the intensity of a

responses to the intensity of a [Music]

[Music] light ality is the finest product so far

light ality is the finest product so far of a nationwide technological push

of a nationwide technological push called the humanoid

[Music] project humanoid project we theorized

project humanoid project we theorized that in the 21st century humans robots

that in the 21st century humans robots and Cy

and Cy will coexist within society when that

will coexist within society when that time comes we think that it's desirable

time comes we think that it's desirable for the robots to look just like a human

for the robots to look just like a human we think that because of this robot's

we think that because of this robot's humanlike movements we can achieve a

humanlike movements we can achieve a much smoother communication between

much smoother communication between humans and

machines Al's big eyes and gentle movements are deliberately

movements are deliberately childlike as robots grow more

childlike as robots grow more intelligent and fun

intelligent and fun their Bland ugly exteriors are becoming

their Bland ugly exteriors are becoming problematic the Japanese solution is to

problematic the Japanese solution is to give their robots human form and to make

give their robots human form and to make sure they're

cute at the Science University of Tokyo Professor fumio Hara has created a robot

Professor fumio Hara has created a robot that can recognize and display facial

that can recognize and display facial expressions the robot scans the face of

expressions the robot scans the face of the person looking at it comparing the

the person looking at it comparing the distances between the eyes mouth nose

distances between the eyes mouth nose and eyebrows against an expressionless

and eyebrows against an expressionless face in its memory bank when the robot

face in its memory bank when the robot has locked onto a particular emotion

has locked onto a particular emotion tiny machines push around the silicone

tiny machines push around the silicone skin of its face to mirror the mood of

skin of its face to mirror the mood of the person in front of its

cameras this project was started in order to improve the relationship

order to improve the relationship between humans and robots by improving

between humans and robots by improving robots facial

robots facial expressions if robots are not easily

expressions if robots are not easily accepted by people especially by older

accepted by people especially by older people they cannot work for people this

people they cannot work for people this is why we are trying to create a robot

is why we are trying to create a robot that is acceptable to the

elderly when everything is working correctly the face robot can reflect six

correctly the face robot can reflect six emotional states

emotional states today the robot is only willing to show

today the robot is only willing to show surprise and

surprise large eyes a b mouth open okay and sadness

okay and sadness sadness

sadness okay yeah Happ the close eyes is that

okay yeah Happ the close eyes is that sad

sad face mama is success with this prototype

face mama is success with this prototype has created enough excitement to

has created enough excitement to generate $3 million of funding for an

generate $3 million of funding for an upgraded

descendant his next goal is to give the robot a Voice work on a mouth robot

robot a Voice work on a mouth robot complete with tongue is already

underway of course there's more to life than having a pretty

than having a pretty face it also helps to have a strong

face it also helps to have a strong well-coordinated

well-coordinated body the grace and power built into the

body the grace and power built into the animal Kingdom has inspired Engineers

animal Kingdom has inspired Engineers for Millennia but we have only begun to

for Millennia but we have only begun to understand how to replicate the

understand how to replicate the ingenious designs of the natural

ingenious designs of the natural world until recently the seemingly

world until recently the seemingly simple Act of walking on two legs has

simple Act of walking on two legs has been an unbreakable barrier for

been an unbreakable barrier for humanoids but at Wasa University in

humanoids but at Wasa University in Tokyo that wall has been

Tokyo that wall has been shattered this bipedal walking robot

shattered this bipedal walking robot goes by the name of Waban

goes by the name of Waban it's another creation of the humanoid

project hi Waban can walk short distances

hi Waban can walk short distances without support but he also weighs 600

without support but he also weighs 600 lb so his student minders aren't taking

lb so his student minders aren't taking any

chances Waban also dances he he's a little stiff but then so are most

little stiff but then so are most engineers

[Music] the basic theory behind the machine

the basic theory behind the machine springing gate has found its way into

springing gate has found its way into the most advanced humanoid on the planet

the most advanced humanoid on the planet another product of

Japan no that's not an astronaut in a space suit you were looking at the Honda

space suit you were looking at the Honda humanoid the closest thing yet to the

humanoid the closest thing yet to the Androids of Science Fiction the humanoid

Androids of Science Fiction the humanoid sees through twin cameras in its helmet

sees through twin cameras in its helmet its backpack contains its power supply

its backpack contains its power supply and computer

and computer brain the result of a top secret 10

brain the result of a top secret 10 years en counting effort by the Honda

years en counting effort by the Honda Motor Company the humanoid does things

Motor Company the humanoid does things that until recently even the most

that until recently even the most ambitious roboticist would have thought

ambitious roboticist would have thought impossible it can walk across this

impossible it can walk across this corporate Lobby without banging into the

corporate Lobby without banging into the potted plants and more significantly it

potted plants and more significantly it can safely negotiate this flight of

can safely negotiate this flight of State

STS the humanoid controls its own walk but its hands are remotely

but its hands are remotely operated it is intended to work

operated it is intended to work alongside humans in the factories of the

alongside humans in the factories of the future in another 10 years when the

future in another 10 years when the project is complete the entire machine

project is complete the entire machine will be controlled by simple voice

will be controlled by simple voice commands such as pick up that

car the Japanese are the clear leaders in building humanoid bodies but who's

in building humanoid bodies but who's building the robot

building the robot [Music]

brains when it comes to putting brains inside the Box All Eyes turned to the

inside the Box All Eyes turned to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's

Massachusetts Institute of Technology's artificial intelligence

artificial intelligence lab since the 1960s the lab has been the

lab since the 1960s the lab has been the center of machine learning

it's here that the one-time bad boy of the artificial intelligence world is

the artificial intelligence world is attempting to bridge the gap between

attempting to bridge the gap between mind and

mind and body as the pioneer of bottomup Robotics

body as the pioneer of bottomup Robotics which emulates insects and other

which emulates insects and other creatures at the bottom of the food

creatures at the bottom of the food chain Rodney Brooks might seem the man

chain Rodney Brooks might seem the man least likely to build a humanoid but to

least likely to build a humanoid but to Brooks the creation of an artificial

Brooks the creation of an artificial human is the ultimate Challenge we'd

human is the ultimate Challenge we'd spent about 10 years developing insect

spent about 10 years developing insect like

like robots the next logical step for me

robots the next logical step for me would have been to build a robotic

would have been to build a robotic reptile maybe and then after that a a

reptile maybe and then after that a a small robotic mammal and then a maybe a

small robotic mammal and then a maybe a a a dog-sized mammal and then maybe a an

a a dog-sized mammal and then maybe a an ape like and then maybe a human but each

ape like and then maybe a human but each of these taken 10 years it seemed to me

of these taken 10 years it seemed to me it take took 10 years for insects I can

it take took 10 years for insects I can see my mortality my own mortality come

see my mortality my own mortality come up so I thought I should try and jump

up so I thought I should try and jump some

some levels and then why not go all the way

levels and then why not go all the way why not go for trying to build a human

why not go for trying to build a human um while I still had it in

um while I still had it in me this is our robot Cog which is

me this is our robot Cog which is designed to be like a humanoid or like a

designed to be like a humanoid or like a human and have the same sort of bodily

human and have the same sort of bodily uh shape and form as a human it's got

uh shape and form as a human it's got eyes up here which should respond to

eyes up here which should respond to motion right now it's looking to see

motion right now it's looking to see when it uh something moves and then it

when it uh something moves and then it tries to reach out to it and uh when it

tries to reach out to it and uh when it first started a few hours ago it always

first started a few hours ago it always reached the same spot but over time it

reached the same spot but over time it first learned how to um make its eyes

first learned how to um make its eyes look at right at something that's moving

look at right at something that's moving and I'll just wait here and I move over

and I'll just wait here and I move over here then it looks over to where where

here then it looks over to where where I'm moving and now it's going to try and

I'm moving and now it's going to try and reach out to that so when it first

reach out to that so when it first started it didn't really know how to

started it didn't really know how to look at motion and it didn't really know

look at motion and it didn't really know how to reach for that motion but over

how to reach for that motion but over time it's learned those two things much

time it's learned those two things much as a human child an infant learns over

as a human child an infant learns over the first few weeks of Life how to

the first few weeks of Life how to coordinate its eyes with what it sees

coordinate its eyes with what it sees and then how to coordinate it stubby

and then how to coordinate it stubby little arms and reach out towards things

little arms and reach out towards things the arm by the way is not a conventional

the arm by the way is not a conventional robot arm we've modeled it very much

robot arm we've modeled it very much after the human arm in the human arm we

after the human arm in the human arm we have springy muscles here we've got

have springy muscles here we've got Springs built into the system but

Springs built into the system but they're virtual Springs rather than

they're virtual Springs rather than physical Springs so we can control the

physical Springs so we can control the stiff stiffness of the system and

stiff stiffness of the system and whereas a conventional robot arm in a

whereas a conventional robot arm in a factory if it did something like that to

factory if it did something like that to me there would be blood spurting and

me there would be blood spurting and bone chips going everywhere because

bone chips going everywhere because we're controlling the S of the stiffness

we're controlling the S of the stiffness of the system most of the

of the system most of the time um it's safe to interact with this

time um it's safe to interact with this robot in a way that we couldn't interact

robot in a way that we couldn't interact with a robot in a factory Cog was built

with a robot in a factory Cog was built to test an intriguing theory that

to test an intriguing theory that there's more to intelligence than just

there's more to intelligence than just having a brain he cudly

having a brain he cudly yeah how does he feel Olivia our minds

yeah how does he feel Olivia our minds are directly connected to our bodies Our

are directly connected to our bodies Our senses of touch taste smell hearing and

senses of touch taste smell hearing and sight play a large part in the way we

sight play a large part in the way we learn about our world I take

learn about our world I take those prev attempts to build thinking

those prev attempts to build thinking machines have focused entirely on

machines have focused entirely on creating disembodied

creating disembodied intelligence but Cog creates a direct

intelligence but Cog creates a direct link between the digital world and the

link between the digital world and the natural world it imitates the natural

natural world it imitates the natural patterns of learning we see in highly

patterns of learning we see in highly complex creatures such as our

children is that a match no okay my turn a lot of what goes on in

no okay my turn a lot of what goes on in in human development Child Development

in human development Child Development is socialization interaction with people

is socialization interaction with people and the sorts of those sorts of

and the sorts of those sorts of interactions happen because we both have

interactions happen because we both have human bodies we can make eye contact

human bodies we can make eye contact with each other uh when I'm talking to

with each other uh when I'm talking to someone and they nod their head that's

someone and they nod their head that's the same as me nodding my head there's a

the same as me nodding my head there's a mapping between our bodies good one okay

mapping between our bodies good one okay we had one example um Cynthia Ferell one

we had one example um Cynthia Ferell one of The Graduate students who designed

of The Graduate students who designed the robot was interacting with it just

the robot was interacting with it just so we could get some video footage for a

so we could get some video footage for a conference on the arm moving about when

conference on the arm moving about when we looked at that footage afterward we

we looked at that footage afterward we saw that Cynthia and the robot were

saw that Cynthia and the robot were taking turns playing with a eraser board

taking turns playing with a eraser board eraser that we had there the robot had

eraser that we had there the robot had no notion at that stage of taking

no notion at that stage of taking turns but Cynthia knew how to take turns

turns but Cynthia knew how to take turns she capitalized on the Dynamics of the

she capitalized on the Dynamics of the robot and out of that came this

robot and out of that came this turn-taking Behavior very much like

turn-taking Behavior very much like mothers playing with their children lead

mothers playing with their children lead them through behaviors that they're not

them through behaviors that they're not capable of generating themselves yet so

capable of generating themselves yet so it seems seems to us that that people

it seems seems to us that that people cannot but help themselves interacting

cannot but help themselves interacting with artifacts in the way they interact

with artifacts in the way they interact with people that's just built into

with people that's just built into us whether or not Cog will pave the way

us whether or not Cog will pave the way to a new form of artificial intelligence

to a new form of artificial intelligence remains to be seen But at the very least

remains to be seen But at the very least he shows that humans relate to

he shows that humans relate to Mechanical versions of themselves

Mechanical versions of themselves differently than they do to the equally

differently than they do to the equally powerful but less glamorous technology

powerful but less glamorous technology that surrounds us

more and more of that technology uses artificial intelligence also known as

artificial intelligence also known as AI these are not the talking

AI these are not the talking self-conscious computers of our dreams

self-conscious computers of our dreams the failure to create artificial human

the failure to create artificial human brains has forced the field of AI into

brains has forced the field of AI into more practical

more practical directions well I think you know there's

directions well I think you know there's there's a a common belief uh that AI

there's a a common belief uh that AI died in the in the late 70s and early

died in the in the late 70s and early 80s um and I think one of the things to

80s um and I think one of the things to keep in mind is that of the applications

keep in mind is that of the applications that have come out of AI research as a

that have come out of AI research as a byproduct um are essentially embedded

byproduct um are essentially embedded intelligence they're either special

intelligence they're either special purpose computers like the uh the DSP

purpose computers like the uh the DSP chips in your anti-lock breaking system

chips in your anti-lock breaking system or in your in your 100,000 mile without

or in your in your 100,000 mile without a tuneup Ford um they're in the the the

a tuneup Ford um they're in the the the network servers that allow you to go

network servers that allow you to go into any ATM in the world and get your

into any ATM in the world and get your money out um there's there's AI

money out um there's there's AI everywhere and looking is far now he

everywhere and looking is far now he does not look like a happy man G and now

does not look like a happy man G and now the Triumph of IBM's deep blue served as

the Triumph of IBM's deep blue served as a reminder that computers and computer

a reminder that computers and computer programmers are slowly surmounting the

programmers are slowly surmounting the stumbling blocks that have crippled

stumbling blocks that have crippled machine learning he sees all these

machine learning he sees all these variation and

variation and heed the IBM program deep blue has

heed the IBM program deep blue has defeated world champion

defeated world champion [Music]

[Music] garyo deep blue is technically not

garyo deep blue is technically not artificial intelligence it is

artificial intelligence it is essentially an extremely competent

essentially an extremely competent calculator that's capable of making

calculator that's capable of making intelligent choices but whatever you

intelligent choices but whatever you call it the fact remains that it

call it the fact remains that it defeated the finest chess player alive

defeated the finest chess player alive apologists for the human race May argue

apologists for the human race May argue that without Consciousness deep blue is

that without Consciousness deep blue is still no equal for human brains but the

still no equal for human brains but the point was not to equal all human

point was not to equal all human functions the point was to outperform a

functions the point was to outperform a human at a very specific task and the

human at a very specific task and the Machine succeeded at a time when

Machine succeeded at a time when computer processor power is still

computer processor power is still exponentially increasing it seems clear

exponentially increasing it seems clear that our Creations are gaining ground

that our Creations are gaining ground and going past their creators there is a

and going past their creators there is a great difference between building an

great difference between building an extremely clever computer and a machine

extremely clever computer and a machine that is

that is self-aware but do we really want

self-aware but do we really want machines to be able to contemplate their

machines to be able to contemplate their mechanical Naval as science fiction

mechanical Naval as science fiction movies have preached for years machine

movies have preached for years machine Consciousness is not NE necessarily a

Consciousness is not NE necessarily a good

good thing this is the voice of world

thing this is the voice of world control I bring you peace it may be the

control I bring you peace it may be the Peace of Plenty and contempt or the

Peace of Plenty and contempt or the Peace of unburied death the choice is

Peace of unburied death the choice is yours obey me and live or disobey and

yours obey me and live or disobey and die the frightening story of the day man

die the frightening story of the day man built himself out of

existence Colossus sees all all senses all knows all controls all armaments and

all knows all controls all armaments and all defenses when this emotionless

all defenses when this emotionless creation becomes the master of man the

creation becomes the master of man the result is

result is catastrophic they built Colossus

catastrophic they built Colossus supercomputer with a mind of its own

supercomputer with a mind of its own then they had to fight it for the

then they had to fight it for the [Music]

[Music] world I think most people tend to think

world I think most people tend to think of intelligent machines as being

of intelligent machines as being conscious uh conscious the way you and I

conscious uh conscious the way you and I are um

are um the problem is that most uh artificial

the problem is that most uh artificial intelligence applications are not

intelligence applications are not dealing with Consciousness they're

dealing with Consciousness they're dealing with intelligence and there's a

dealing with intelligence and there's a tremendous gap between Consciousness and

tremendous gap between Consciousness and intelligence animals have tremendous

intelligence animals have tremendous amounts of intelligence in order to

amounts of intelligence in order to survive in order to uh adapt to changing

survive in order to uh adapt to changing uh circumstances changing environments

uh circumstances changing environments uh but they don't necessarily have

uh but they don't necessarily have Consciousness as we uh as human beings

Consciousness as we uh as human beings uh believe we're endowed with this

human brain function has proven harder to imitate than the pioneers of

to imitate than the pioneers of artificial intelligence

artificial intelligence believed the 100 billion neurons in our

believed the 100 billion neurons in our brains are hardwired into our bodies in

brains are hardwired into our bodies in a way that still baffles

a way that still baffles researchers our ability to sense our

researchers our ability to sense our environments and make quick decisions

environments and make quick decisions has grown out of millions of years of

has grown out of millions of years of evolution spurred on by our competitive

evolution spurred on by our competitive instinct to

instinct to survive what would it be possible to

survive what would it be possible to accelerate machine learning by building

accelerate machine learning by building emotions and a survival Instinct into

emotions and a survival Instinct into their programs or should we accept the

their programs or should we accept the fact that machines think in a completely

fact that machines think in a completely different way than humans and perhaps

different way than humans and perhaps that's all for the

that's all for the best Professor shigo hos of the Tokyo

best Professor shigo hos of the Tokyo Institute of Technology is one of the

Institute of Technology is one of the foremost roboticists in the world he has

foremost roboticists in the world he has built creatures of all shapes and sizes

built creatures of all shapes and sizes with the exception of

with the exception of humanoids the professor feels strongly

humanoids the professor feels strongly that machines should remain

that machines should remain machines if we try to create a slave

machines if we try to create a slave race of exact replicas of human beings

race of exact replicas of human beings and we give them emotions we end up

and we give them emotions we end up suppressing their desire to live if that

suppressing their desire to live if that happens everybody starts having a fear

happens everybody starts having a fear that one day the master and slave

that one day the master and slave relationship will collapse and something

relationship will collapse and something like sp's Rebellion might

like sp's Rebellion might but if we create a machine that is not

but if we create a machine that is not humanik we can avoid this problem new

humanik we can avoid this problem new acquisitions you are a protocol Droid

acquisitions you are a protocol Droid are you not I am C3

are you not I am C3 human this is another argument in

human this is another argument in robotics if we create intelligent

robotics if we create intelligent machines do we have the right to treat

machines do we have the right to treat them as slaves we have been without an

them as slaves we have been without an interpreter since our Master got angry

interpreter since our Master got angry with our last protocol Droid and this

with our last protocol Droid and this inra him

disintegrated there's a big difference between intelligent robots and human

between intelligent robots and human beings uh if they're both working for

beings uh if they're both working for you as slaves uh human beings carry with

you as slaves uh human beings carry with them a an evolutionary

them a an evolutionary Heritage uh which

Heritage uh which involves wanting to survive on your own

involves wanting to survive on your own terms essentially for for for the

terms essentially for for for the benefit of your own genes and and and

benefit of your own genes and and and also your own tribal culture uh the

also your own tribal culture uh the robots don't have that the robots are

robots don't have that the robots are built from a blank slate uh everything

built from a blank slate uh everything the robot wants to do and doesn't want

the robot wants to do and doesn't want to do is put in when the robot is built

to do is put in when the robot is built the robots will no more Want to Be Free

the robots will no more Want to Be Free than uh you would want to not eat or to

than uh you would want to not eat or to not

not breathe so I I think the the question of

breathe so I I think the the question of morality of keeping even super

morality of keeping even super intelligent machines as slaves is a

intelligent machines as slaves is a little bit

moot a little family off walk pry expect wild robots must be free in the remote

wild robots must be free in the remote reaches of New Mexico a band of

reaches of New Mexico a band of scientists are taking a wildly different

scientists are taking a wildly different approach to the problem of robot

approach to the problem of robot intelligence they are attempting to use

intelligence they are attempting to use the young science of cha chos Theory to

the young science of cha chos Theory to create living

create living machines this is the robotic face of a

machines this is the robotic face of a field called artificial

field called artificial life Dr Chris lton is considered the

life Dr Chris lton is considered the father of artificial

father of artificial life he builds simulated organisms

life he builds simulated organisms inside his computer and watches them

inside his computer and watches them evolve Langton and his colleagues are

evolve Langton and his colleagues are trying to unravel the mystery of how

trying to unravel the mystery of how life is

life is created the molecular biology of the

created the molecular biology of the last uh 40 years or so has given us a

last uh 40 years or so has given us a very good understanding of how the uh

very good understanding of how the uh lowest level bits and pieces of uh

lowest level bits and pieces of uh biological organisms work what we do not

biological organisms work what we do not have a very good understanding of yet is

have a very good understanding of yet is how all those pieces work together to

how all those pieces work together to form one big organism uh computers uh

form one big organism uh computers uh have really given us the tool to

have really given us the tool to understand how a whole organism is

understand how a whole organism is synthesized it's me for Desert

synthesized it's me for Desert ter this is not the world's prettiest

ter this is not the world's prettiest design but it certainly is the fact that

design but it certainly is the fact that the mean mechanical insects created by

the mean mechanical insects created by engineer Mark Tien and physicist

engineer Mark Tien and physicist brussell hos Locker are the first

brussell hos Locker are the first machines to apply the theories of

machines to apply the theories of artificial life to robots these machines

artificial life to robots these machines are all reflexes and no brains unlike

are all reflexes and no brains unlike conventional robots they are not driven

conventional robots they are not driven by digital technology their spark comes

by digital technology their spark comes from the analog patterns of nature how

from the analog patterns of nature how many Trans on this a total of about 60

many Trans on this a total of about 60 so there's barely enough on this thing

so there's barely enough on this thing to make a good decent radio

the interesting thing between my technology and other types of roboticist

technology and other types of roboticist technology is based upon the digital

technology is based upon the digital versus analog uh design aspects my

versus analog uh design aspects my devices do in 12 transistors what many

devices do in 12 transistors what many people can't do in 12 computers now why

people can't do in 12 computers now why is this well let's take a look at the

is this well let's take a look at the biological data there's not a single

biological data there's not a single living thing on this planet that has a

living thing on this planet that has a digital computer as a brain they all

digital computer as a brain they all have analog systems yet what we've tried

have analog systems yet what we've tried to do in a lot of things like everything

to do in a lot of things like everything from artificial intelligence to even

from artificial intelligence to even even conventional robotics is try and

even conventional robotics is try and mimic analog processes in digital domain

mimic analog processes in digital domain well this is sort of like the speed of

well this is sort of like the speed of light limit I mean um we're already

light limit I mean um we're already approaching that with our technology the

approaching that with our technology the chances that we are also approaching the

chances that we are also approaching the analog limit in digital technology means

analog limit in digital technology means that I think that we are not going to be

that I think that we are not going to be able to make competent full robot bodies

able to make competent full robot bodies that use just strictly Digital

that use just strictly Digital Electronics so I started doing all my

Electronics so I started doing all my Evolution exactly upon that sort of

Evolution exactly upon that sort of basis I started out with the simplest

basis I started out with the simplest possible analog creature I could and I

possible analog creature I could and I have evolved from that device from one

have evolved from that device from one creature up to over 200 interactive

creature up to over 200 interactive living machines as we call them inside

living machines as we call them inside my robot Jurassic Park and that is my

my robot Jurassic Park and that is my basic philosophy and the technology that

basic philosophy and the technology that comes from that is because the robots

comes from that is because the robots evolve these things because they need

evolve these things because they need them not because I programmed it

them not because I programmed it in um this is

in um this is wman now wman okay I'm going to turn off

wman now wman okay I'm going to turn off wman now when wman started up you notice

wman now when wman started up you notice he's daggered for a fraction of a second

he's daggered for a fraction of a second and within a step and a half this animal

and within a step and a half this animal uh learned to walk and this thing is not

uh learned to walk and this thing is not a toy in the sense that if it bangs into

a toy in the sense that if it bangs into an object it will adapt and try to find

an object it will adapt and try to find a way out toward a Target let's say a

a way out toward a Target let's say a source of light it does this with no

source of light it does this with no computers it does this with a very small

computers it does this with a very small number of transistors these are machines

number of transistors these are machines that are are close to Alive as close as

that are are close to Alive as close as any machine has ever come to being being

any machine has ever come to being being alive um they they're survival platforms

alive um they they're survival platforms their only purpose in life is to survive

their only purpose in life is to survive and so they they are um amazing animals

and so they they are um amazing animals and this this um called them animals cuz

and this this um called them animals cuz after a while you get to think of them

after a while you get to think of them as alive and so wman which is in free

as alive and so wman which is in free free space doesn't doesn't do anything

free space doesn't doesn't do anything very interesting but as soon as it comes

very interesting but as soon as it comes in contact with the world I can I can

in contact with the world I can I can grab wman I can unlike most robots I can

grab wman I can unlike most robots I can touch him I can try to stop him from

touch him I can try to stop him from walk he'll fight me he adapts he begins

walk he'll fight me he adapts he begins to change his gate you can feel you can

to change his gate you can feel you can feel you can see you can see his

feel you can see you can see his structure

structure turning he completely changes his

turning he completely changes his behavior so depending on on the the

behavior so depending on on the the external World completes the

external World completes the architecture of this machine he's now

architecture of this machine he's now completely annoyed and he wants to get

completely annoyed and he wants to get out of my hand so he's flashing his

out of my hand so he's flashing his lights to see where where I

lights to see where where I am Walkman and its cousins are driven by

am Walkman and its cousins are driven by simple

simple urges they're often solar powered so

urges they're often solar powered so they seek out the life-giving Rays of

they seek out the life-giving Rays of the

the sun they are also inexpensive and

sun they are also inexpensive and relatively easy to build most of their

relatively easy to build most of their parts are scavenged from discarded

parts are scavenged from discarded personal stereos pocket calculators and

personal stereos pocket calculators and children's

children's toys their low cost makes them

toys their low cost makes them Expendable but putting them out of

Expendable but putting them out of action is easier said than done these

action is easier said than done these robots are built to take a beating Tien

robots are built to take a beating Tien calls it bios

calls it bios survivability the concept Dev

survivability the concept Dev survivability is one that I'm trying to

survivability is one that I'm trying to get inside my machines that is you make

get inside my machines that is you make a device which fights for its survival

a device which fights for its survival and then you trick into doing a task for

and then you trick into doing a task for you later on that is you trick it into

you later on that is you trick it into doing a task in the same way that you

doing a task in the same way that you put blinders on an ox to get it to pull

put blinders on an ox to get it to pull a plow you stick special sensors on a

a plow you stick special sensors on a robot to get it to cut your grass but in

robot to get it to cut your grass but in all cases it means that if you've got

all cases it means that if you've got something like a robot that is chewed up

something like a robot that is chewed up by your dog even though it's sick and

by your dog even though it's sick and hurt and damaged its survivability still

hurt and damaged its survivability still forces it to do a task even if it's

forces it to do a task even if it's undergone real problems and this is a

undergone real problems and this is a real difference from sort of like

real difference from sort of like standard digital techniques which are a

standard digital techniques which are a bit flip and a wire cut away from

bit flip and a wire cut away from immobility my robots can be horribly

immobility my robots can be horribly mangled and they still do their

mangled and they still do their job these artificial animals lack higher

job these artificial animals lack higher brain function but they're far from

brain function but they're far from simple they do a vast amount of

simple they do a vast amount of calculating but on a level so deep it

calculating but on a level so deep it approaches

approaches chaos chaos is a name for the underlying

chaos chaos is a name for the underlying complexity that's built into the

complexity that's built into the seemingly random patterns of

seemingly random patterns of nature the mathematics driving this are

nature the mathematics driving this are difficult for most humans to grasp but

difficult for most humans to grasp but the result is a machine that functions

the result is a machine that functions more like a natural organism than a

more like a natural organism than a man-made

construct um this is snake and snake is the most unusual creature it's actually

the most unusual creature it's actually quite frightening I'm holding it now in

quite frightening I'm holding it now in my hand and snake is reacting to me in

my hand and snake is reacting to me in various modes it can it can spin like so

various modes it can it can spin like so it can move along its length like a

it can move along its length like a regular snake but mostly it's not

regular snake but mostly it's not walking this thing is is moving through

walking this thing is is moving through its environment by using modes of

its environment by using modes of movement that biology for the most part

movement that biology for the most part didn't never implement it so snake is

didn't never implement it so snake is really the first truly alien creature of

really the first truly alien creature of this family of parallel life machines

this family of parallel life machines and if you held it in your hands you

and if you held it in your hands you would see why

would see why [Music]

[Music] one of the critical uh Arenas in which I

one of the critical uh Arenas in which I think artificial life is really going to

think artificial life is really going to contribute is uh in understanding uh the

contribute is uh in understanding uh the way in which biological machines are

way in which biological machines are engineered as opposed to the way that uh

engineered as opposed to the way that uh we classically tend to engineer machines

we classically tend to engineer machines on the scale of geological time over

on the scale of geological time over which uh uh we typically uh measure

which uh uh we typically uh measure Evolution um we are literally at now the

Evolution um we are literally at now the end of one biological area and at the

end of one biological area and at the beginning of a new one um as soon as we

beginning of a new one um as soon as we attain the capability to actually

attain the capability to actually synthesize life from scratch whether

synthesize life from scratch whether it's in a beaker or in a computer or

it's in a beaker or in a computer or with a robot uh we will have introduced

with a robot uh we will have introduced into the world a whole new lineage of

into the world a whole new lineage of life one that was synthesized by human

life one that was synthesized by human beings instead of having just uh emerged

beings instead of having just uh emerged uh from nature I'm going to bet that by

uh from nature I'm going to bet that by uh by the year 2000 or within a decade

uh by the year 2000 or within a decade of then we will have built a machine

of then we will have built a machine that satisfies most of the criteria that

that satisfies most of the criteria that biologists currently U apply to living

organisms at the beginning of a new millennium Humanity finds itself

millennium Humanity finds itself hurtling into a wired world where

hurtling into a wired world where intelligent systems are integrated into

intelligent systems are integrated into every part of our daily

every part of our daily lives but what path will robots

lives but what path will robots take will our Creations remain

take will our Creations remain unintelligent and unaware capable only a

unintelligent and unaware capable only a following simple

following simple [Music]

[Music] commands or will they evolve into a

commands or will they evolve into a unique new form of life able to

unique new form of life able to reproduce and survive without our

support will friendly humanoids serve us dinner or will killing machines run

dinner or will killing machines run wild I certainly believe believe that we

wild I certainly believe believe that we are machines so in principle there's no

are machines so in principle there's no reason that we can't ultimately build a

reason that we can't ultimately build a self-reproducing intelligent robot we're

self-reproducing intelligent robot we're close to mastering the technology of

close to mastering the technology of Life a lot closer than we are to

Life a lot closer than we are to understanding the consequences of

understanding the consequences of mastering that

technology we always think that oh my godness it's going to go after Sakana

godness it's going to go after Sakana but natural fact there is never going to

but natural fact there is never going to be in the general environment robots

be in the general environment robots that are smarter than we are we are

that are smarter than we are we are always going to be able to trick them or

always going to be able to trick them or stop

stop [Music]

them technically speaking it might be possible to accomplish the goal of

possible to accomplish the goal of creating a self-replicating robot within

creating a self-replicating robot within 100 years or so whether these robots

100 years or so whether these robots will become one of the species or tribes

will become one of the species or tribes on this Earth is an extremely difficult

on this Earth is an extremely difficult question because a robot is basically

question because a robot is basically designed and created by the hands of a

designed and created by the hands of a human being I think it all depends on

human being I think it all depends on the human's intention in other words

the human's intention in other words whether we want to design robots with

whether we want to design robots with that kind of ability if we decide to

that kind of ability if we decide to design robots that are self-evolving

design robots that are self-evolving what can we do to prevent them from

what can we do to prevent them from becoming a threat to humanity I think

becoming a threat to humanity I think this is a big issue which our society

this is a big issue which our society has to determine in the

has to determine in the [Music]

future at Pittsburgh's Carnegie melon University Hans moravec has been

University Hans moravec has been studying the consequences of robotic

studying the consequences of robotic evolution moravec feels that humanity is

evolution moravec feels that humanity is at the brink of a golden age and we

at the brink of a golden age and we better get ready for

better get ready for it I've compared the the progress of

it I've compared the the progress of robots and computers with uh the

robots and computers with uh the evolution of biological intelligence and

evolution of biological intelligence and come to the conclusion that it's going

come to the conclusion that it's going about 10 million times faster and that

about 10 million times faster and that we're just at the beginning of the

we're just at the beginning of the vertebrate stage

vertebrate stage effectively but because of the pace uh

effectively but because of the pace uh we can expect a machine that can not

we can expect a machine that can not only model its world but can reason

only model its world but can reason abstractly about it and that machine I

abstractly about it and that machine I think is comparable to human beings in

think is comparable to human beings in fact in some ways it will undoubtedly be

fact in some ways it will undoubtedly be much better than human beings because

much better than human beings because it'll do those things better that we do

it'll do those things better that we do very very poorly uh for instance

very very poorly uh for instance arithmetic but also logical reasoning of

arithmetic but also logical reasoning of long on long chains of of reasoning and

long on long chains of of reasoning and um also Comm communicating and sorting

um also Comm communicating and sorting large databases and so on so what we'll

large databases and so on so what we'll have is a is a machine that can get

have is a is a machine that can get around the world about as well as we do

around the world about as well as we do but that can basically think better than

but that can basically think better than we do and at that

we do and at that point uh human beings are on the verge

point uh human beings are on the verge of

obsolescence this plant in Japan is nearly completely automated moravec

nearly completely automated moravec believes that when our robots can design

believes that when our robots can design and build themselves all industry will

and build themselves all industry will look like this eventually will all be

look like this eventually will all be unemployed but there's a bright side if

unemployed but there's a bright side if the super competitive companies staffed

the super competitive companies staffed by these robots are taxed we will all be

by these robots are taxed we will all be born rich from a kind of cybernetic

born rich from a kind of cybernetic Social

Social Security uh a world in which the robots

Security uh a world in which the robots are doing all the work and in fact

are doing all the work and in fact straining their super intelligence to

straining their super intelligence to try to please us better to sell us

try to please us better to sell us product so that they can pay their taxes

product so that they can pay their taxes um I think will not be quite as strange

um I think will not be quite as strange as it sound

as it sound because it's not so different from the

because it's not so different from the world in which we evolved in for a

world in which we evolved in for a period of several million years um when

period of several million years um when we lived in tribes of hunter

we lived in tribes of hunter gatherers uh because at that time

gatherers uh because at that time essentially there was a automated

essentially there was a automated economy working for us it was called the

economy working for us it was called the ecology and our activities mostly

ecology and our activities mostly consisted of going out into that ecology

consisted of going out into that ecology and getting the things we needed for our

and getting the things we needed for our lives especially food

lives especially food um shopping is not that different from

um shopping is not that different from Hunter

Gathering but for now robots are confined to menial jobs and some insist

confined to menial jobs and some insist they'll stay

they'll stay there the the fear that we're going to

there the the fear that we're going to create a race of super intelligent super

create a race of super intelligent super smart super powerful Androids that will

smart super powerful Androids that will take care of everything and put

take care of everything and put everybody out of work is is a ridiculous

everybody out of work is is a ridiculous concept I mean I think that what's going

concept I mean I think that what's going to happen is we're going to not be

to happen is we're going to not be competing with the Androids the Androids

competing with the Androids the Androids are going to do the things that Androids

are going to do the things that Androids do best people are going to do the

do best people are going to do the things that they do best which may just

things that they do best which may just be watching more television surfing the

be watching more television surfing the worldwide

web there's going to be all sorts of different looking robots depending on

different looking robots depending on what their task is there'll be robots

what their task is there'll be robots embedded in our houses watching us

embedded in our houses watching us making some decision and doing something

making some decision and doing something based on on those decisions and they

based on on those decisions and they won't appear anything like the way we

won't appear anything like the way we think about robots today I think

think about robots today I think there'll be other robots which will have

there'll be other robots which will have human form and which we we be

human form and which we we be interacting with because if the

interacting with because if the hypothesis is right that it takes the

hypothesis is right that it takes the human body and and those sorts of

human body and and those sorts of experiences to be like a human all the

experiences to be like a human all the other robots will be aliens to us they

other robots will be aliens to us they won't be things we can relate to the

won't be things we can relate to the only ones we'll be able to relate to are

only ones we'll be able to relate to are the ones which have humanoid form

technology is an incarnation of the human urge to survive and

human urge to survive and prosper our machines help us to overcome

prosper our machines help us to overcome our

our limitations endowing our robots with

limitations endowing our robots with intelligence is the next step in our

intelligence is the next step in our ongoing effort to make our lives

easier but as our Creations grow ever more complex and self-reliant our fear

more complex and self-reliant our fear of Technology grows

tools but we don't quite trust [Music]

them but living machines even artificial humans may turn out to be less alien

humans may turn out to be less alien than airplanes or television sets all of

than airplanes or television sets all of the complex devices we depend on but

the complex devices we depend on but don't really

understand perhaps by making our machines more like

machines more like ourselves we are Bridging the Gap

ourselves we are Bridging the Gap between creation and creator

[Music] [Laughter]

[Laughter] [Music]

[Music] [Laughter]

Click on any text or timestamp to jump to that moment in the video

Most transcripts ready in under 5 seconds

One-Click Copy125+ LanguagesSearch ContentJump to Timestamps

Paste YouTube URL

Enter any YouTube video link to get the full transcript

Most transcripts ready in under 5 seconds

Get Our Chrome Extension

Get transcripts instantly without leaving YouTube. Install our Chrome extension for one-click access to any video's transcript directly on the watch page.

Add to Chrome — Free

Works with YouTube, Coursera, Udemy and more educational platforms

Get Instant Transcripts: Just Edit the Domain in Your Address Bar!

YouTube

←

→

↻

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UF8uR6Z6KLc

YoutubeToText

←

→

↻

https://youtubetotext.net/watch?v=UF8uR6Z6KLc

YouTube TranscriptPreparing your results…

YouTube Transcript:BBC DOCUMENTARY 2015 | The Rising of the Robot Discovery Channel Science Documentaries 2015

AutoDub

Video Transcript

Summary

Core Theme

Paste YouTube URL

Transcript Extraction Form

Get Our Chrome Extension

Get Instant Transcripts: Just Edit the Domain in Your Address Bar!

YouTube Transcript:
BBC DOCUMENTARY 2015 | The Rising of the Robot Discovery Channel Science Documentaries 2015