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Siapa PRIBUMI INDONESIA Sebenarnya? Darimana Asal Moyang Kita? Taiwan Jadi Kunci! | LearnByGoogling | Sepulang Sekolah | YouTubeToText
YouTube Transcript: Siapa PRIBUMI INDONESIA Sebenarnya? Darimana Asal Moyang Kita? Taiwan Jadi Kunci! | LearnByGoogling
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The content explores the origins of the Indonesian people, challenging the notion of "native" Indonesians by presenting scientific evidence that all modern Indonesians are descendants of various migratory waves and intermingled ancestries, ultimately suggesting that the concept of a purely indigenous Indonesian is a historical and genetic impossibility.
There must be our people,
people who live in the
Indonesian region who married
Indian people. At that time, it was still a
large plain called Sundaland.
It seems like it's been a long time since we discussed
local history,
Indonesian history. Last time we discussed
Indonesian history, if I'm not mistaken, it was
about the Republic of Kanvang. the republic that
existed in the territory of present-day Indonesia,
even before Indonesia became independent and
became a republic. Well, when I
talk about Indonesian history,
I've always thought that in Indonesia there
are many ethnic groups, lots of
tribes. But
what are the actual origins of these ethnic groups
? Who are the so-called
native Indonesians? Moreover, you
all must be familiar
with the term native, right? Especially when there's an
election coming up. That indigenous issue is
talked about a lot. Usually it is used to
show that the candidate being supported is
originally Indonesian. But like I
said earlier,
who are the truly native Indonesians
? What is it like? Or are
there actually people who are truly
truly
Indonesian? Are all Indonesians
historically native to this area
or are they actually immigrants? Well,
out of curiosity, I dug around,
dug around, and finally, I found a
content gap. But before we discuss the history of the
origins of the Indonesian people, I want to
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Okay, then let's just
discuss the history of the origins of the
Indonesian people by learning by
googling. So, yes, like I said
at the beginning, I've always been
curious about who the
real Indonesian people are. Who is the most Indonesian person
actually? Yes, I'm curious about
this because since I was little, I've
often heard people
say, "I'm a native, a
real person. I'm a real native from here."
Even more extreme, sometimes
these people also like to label
other people as immigrants, as
foreigners. It's labeled Chinese,
desert lizard, Yemeni, basically
all kinds of things. And when I was trying to find out
who the original Indonesians were, I entered. I
found an interesting statement from Herawati
Supolo Sudoyo, a molecular biology researcher
at the AGEM Institute. So,
according to his writing published in
conversation based on research
conducted on the genomes of
Indonesian people, he believes that all
Indonesians are immigrants. So
there are no people who are truly
native Indonesians.
We are all immigrants. Me, you, you, you, you,
you, you are all immigrants. Yes So,
based on the genomic data he
collected, the
DNA of Indonesians today is not
100% pure. There must be a mixture of
DNA between one group and
another. And what's unique is that
there are many Indonesians whose DNA
is mixed with ethnic groups that are
geographically very far from
us. like Europe, the Middle East, even
Latin America. And according to
Mrs. Herawati, the reason why there is no such
thing as a native Indonesian is
because the ancestors of the Indonesian people
were originally Homo sapiens who
migrated out of Africa tens of thousands of years ago,
or what we usually know as the
out of Africa theory. So, the homo
sapiens who initially stayed in Africa
then made a
long journey until finally some of
them arrived in the Indonesian archipelago.
And they were able to reach the
Indonesian Archipelago through various
routes and in
different periods too. So,
those who just left Africa didn't leave and
arrived directly in Indonesia. No. Divided
into several periods, divided into
several generations.
Yes, this is really interesting.
This is indeed a theory. So, before we
discuss the origins of Indonesians in more depth
, I want to first discuss the
Out of Africa theory.
The thing is, besides being interesting, it also
falls in a way that connects. Yes, I'm
sure many of you already know
about this theory. Because as far as I remember,
this was one of the compulsory subjects in school
school
back then. at least when I was at school
. So, in general, this theory
tries to explain how humans
migrated, how humans could spread
and exist throughout the world. So, yes,
as the name suggests, out of Africa. So,
according to this theory, humans
originally came from Africa and
after a long time only occupying the
African region, they slowly began
to migrate out of Africa
from generation to generation. migrated to the
regions of Jurassic, Southeast Asia, Oceania,
and Australia until finally entering
America. Oh yes, then according to
this theory, humans left Africa
twice. The
first were still ancient humans. The second one
is that modern humans have fallen, they
are now homo sapiens. So the first one
happened around 1 million years ago
when Homo erectus migrated from Africa
and spread to various parts of the world
such as Europe, Asia and Oceania.
yes. So the first one was still an
ancient human, not a modern human yet. And
in Indonesia,
the remains of ancient human bones that are often
found are from the Homo
erectus species, such as the ancient human
that we previously knew as
Pithecanthropus erectus, which when rechecked
by many experts, turned out to
be a species of Homo erectus, right?
In fact, the Homo erectus bones found
in Java, which are often
called Javanese man, are
one of the oldest hominin bone findings in the
world. It is estimated that Homo erectus was
already in Java around 700,000 to
1 million years
ago. It's been a long time. [Music]
[Music]
Then the second migration out of Africa
happened around 100,000 years
ago, which was carried out by Homo
sapiens. Well, this is our ancestors.
Yes So, after Homo Sapiens
existed in Africa for a long time, they also eventually
migrated for
generations until
they spread to all regions of the world,
including Indonesia, which was once still
connected to the Asian mainland. Why
migrate? According to the Natural History
Museum, the reason why humans who were
previously in Africa migrated to
various regions was because the
environment was changing. Yes, so
climate change that occurred in the
past did change the environment,
right? and finally made
these humans move to find
new resources so they could
survive. So, after tens
or maybe even hundreds of generations of
humans who had spread to
various places and environments,
they finally experienced evolution. And it was
here that the descendants of Homo Saviens
whose physiques were suited to the
new environmental conditions were finally able to survive.
For example, Homo Saviens spread to the
northern hemisphere, such as
Europe, Siberia and the surrounding areas. Finally
they have a lighter skin color
. And this can happen because
lighter skin tones
make it easier for them to produce
vitamin D from less UV light.
Then, humans in the northern hemisphere
also usually have
thicker hair because of the colder climate
. Meanwhile, people in tropical areas
and places with greater exposure to UV rays
tend to have darker skin.
The thing is, darker skin is
ideal for preventing UV rays from entering the
skin. Well, this skin color issue is
also something I often hear
when people are having debates
like this, they say that if the
ancestors of all humans came from
Africa, why isn't everyone's skin black?
Come on, come on, how about it? Come on. Yes, the question is
actually good. I'm already
critical, but unfortunately I have no
desire to find the answer. But yes,
for the issue of evolution, for the details,
including the views and
explanations of Islamic scientists and cynics, I
Darwin, well, from the explanation above, we
know that actually all
humans on earth are immigrants,
including Indonesians. Well, from
here the question arises,
if all Indonesians today
are immigrants, how did
they end up
in Indonesia? Yes Yes So
who are the real Indonesians?
Well, the answer actually
depends on the context. The problem is,
according to Mrs. Herawati Sudoyo, she said
that the Indonesian people we mean
are the people who inhabit the
region in Indonesia, it is said that the
ancestors of the Indonesian people came
to Indonesia in three waves. The
first wave of Homo sapiens that
left Africa migrated
to the Arabian Peninsula, then to
India, and then entered
Southeast Asia, which at that time was still
a large plain called
Sundaland, around 50,000 years
ago. And related to this, there is
archaeological evidence such as the discovery of bones
almost 50,000 years old on the island of Borneo
and cave paintings in the Marus Pangkep area of
Sulawesi which are 30,000 to
40,000 years old. All of this
is strong evidence that the area that
is now Indonesia and
other Southeast Asian countries was
inhabited by humans tens of
thousands of years ago. Then the descendants of
our ancestors
migrated again to Papua and
Australia. And after tens of thousands of years of
evolution, this group became the group
we know today as the
Melanesian people.
inhabit region in Oceania as parts of
Melesia were settled by modern humans
more than 40,000 years ago. Furthermore,
Melanesia contains hundreds of ethnic
groups and some 1400 languages belonging
to several language families making
Melanesia the most culturally,
linguistically, and ethnically diverse
region in Oceania. Oh yes, there's a little extra
that we have to remember. So,
even though the OR of Africa theory is
in school materials, there are actually
many experts who have proposed other alternatives
besides this theory. For example, the multiracial theory
says that modern humans
come from various places, not
just Africa. Yes So this theory states
that from the spread of Homo Erectus 1
million years ago, thanks to that, each
region on earth finally
had its own human. Well,
these humans then
migrated and interbred with each
other. But yes, if we believe in
this multiregional theory, it means we
have to believe that we were once homo
erectus, right? The problem is that
all homo sapiens didn't come out of
Africa, right? If we
use this theory, Homo erectus, which had
spread out, evolved into new Homo sapiens,
where they migrated and interbred.
But which theory do you think makes more sense
? Please comment. That was the
first wave. Then the
second wave of migration came from
mainland Asia. Especially here
from around Vietnam which started to enter the
Indonesian region around 30,000 thousand
years ago. Well, this wave
from an archaeological perspective, the existence of
this second wave is strengthened by the
discovery of various types of stone tools that
have special characteristics which are usually referred to
as the Bakson Hobin culture which has
similarities with stone tools from
mainland Southeast Asia, especially here in the
area that is now Vietnam.
Then the last wave, the
third wave was the entry of
Astronia speakers who came from Formosa or
Yunnan or what we now know
as Taiwan who began to enter the
Indonesian archipelago around
6,000 to 5,000 years ago.
Well, there's
already a lot of evidence for this last wave.
Especially from the linguistic side, from the
linguistic side. where many
regional languages in Indonesia have many
similarities to each other. It doesn't even
have to be a regional language in Indonesia
, there are many similarities between Tagalog in the Philippines,
Malagasy in Madagascar,
and Maui in New Zealand
. And
the term Austronesian itself
was originally used to
describe groups of people who
had similar speech traditions, right?
That's why the
correct term is not
Austronesian directly, but the group of
Austronesian language speakers.
And for the similarities between
these Austronesian languages, for details you can
watch this video of mine
. Marketing again.
shiva need
duha toll upat lima
lima
unum pito
walo siam napulo. Then, besides
archaeological and linguistic evidence, the undeniable evidence
that Indonesian people
came from these three waves can be
seen from a genetic perspective, it can be
seen from
their DNA. So, according to the
genetic research conducted by Mrs. Herawati
Sudoyo on approximately
6,000 DNA samples from
Indonesian people from 35 different ethnicities.
It was discovered that people in
western Indonesia, such as those in
Sumatra, Java, and Kalimantan, have genes
that are similar to those of
Austronesian-speaking communities. In fact, the
Nias and Mentawa people have
genes that are most similar to those of the
Formosan people, as well as the native people of
Taiwan Island, which was the first point of emergence of the
Austronesian people. So the genes of the Nias and
Mentawai people are still
very much of the original Formosan people. the
blood of his ancestors, the blood of
his ancestors, is still very strong. Then, for the people of
Eastern Indonesia, especially Papua and
Nusa Tenggara, some of them have
very unique genes that are different from those of
people in Western Indonesia. Then,
besides their genes being different, linguistically
their language is also different from the
Austronesian group. And this group of people in
Eastern Indonesia also has a greater
genetic closeness to the
Australian Aborigines, or yes, based on
my explanation, it means they are more related to the
Melanesian group. So, yes, the
DNA of people in West and East Indonesia is
different, their basic language is different, and even
their flora and fauna are different, right? So yeah, it's like
two completely different worlds
. And if we look at the three
waves, it is
likely that the majority of people in Eastern Indonesia entered
entered
in the first wave. Well,
most of the people in West Indonesia are in the second
and third place. But what we have to
remember here in this research is that there
is no mention that the
Austronesian and non-Austronesian groups are completely
completely
unrelated. No, it's not mentioned
like that. The relationship is still there, yes. So
even though everything is different, even though the
people in Eastern Indonesia and
Western Indonesia are very different,
they still have a connection. In fact, in
some of the samples tested, there were groups
that had mixed genes. So yes,
physically, in terms of appearance, it may be
different. But that doesn't mean that each other
doesn't have their own genes.
No. So in western Indonesia, the
astronomy gene is
really strong. In the eastern region, it's more
dynamic. But the Astronesian gene is
still there. That's why it's said that the
Eastern Indonesian region is like a kind of
melting point. It's like a
meeting point where
Austronesian and Melanesian people
influenced each other's culture.
There is even a possibility that
Austronesian-speaking communities were once
non-Austronesian speakers.
Vice versa. So, yes, in
this case, the Eastern Indonesian group is
truly unique
. But yes, once again, it explains
that Indonesia is indeed very diverse
. Cool cool. Steady, steady,
steady, steady, steady, steady. Then,
besides the three waves mentioned earlier, in
more modern times, where trade routes
and shipping between nations became
more intense, the entry of
foreign nations into Indonesia made the
identity of Indonesian society
increasingly diverse. For example, when
Hinduism and Buddhism came to us, they were brought
by Indian people between the
7th and 13th centuries. Well, these times are
most likely the reason why
some of our people, especially in
places where Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms
once existed, such as Java, Sumatra,
Kalimantan, and Bali,
have a bit of South Asian genes.
The problem is that there must have been a mixture of
Indians during the Hindu
Buddhist kingdom. There must be some of
our people, people who live in the
Indonesian region who married
Indians and their genes have been
passed down until now. And besides
that, if you remember in my video
that discussed how Islam could
become the majority religion in Indonesia,
there I explained that
one of the factors that made it
easy for Islam to enter Indonesia was
trade relations, especially with Arabia and
China. Well, it's true that during the
Islamic kingdom period and into the
colonial period, the number of immigrant groups
from Arabia and China increased
, especially in coastal areas,
to the point that they even had their
own residential areas. Well, because of
this interaction, some of
our people have
Chinese genes too. And this doesn't
require the face to look Arab or Chinese
. Malay faces can also have
Arab and Chinese genes, even if it's
only a little, but it could be there. Then, during the
colonial period when Europeans arrived,
many of them married
local residents, which resulted in their children and
descendants having
European genes, and we became even more mixed up
. So, the point is, if
you ask whether there are
truly Indonesian people or truly
indigenous people, do they exist? The answer is
yes, there isn't one. So, for example, if there are those who
still insist on claiming to be 100% native, that
true natives have no foreign genes
whatsoever, try asking them to take a DNA test
. There must be foreign genes, there
must be foreign descendants. E, the
thing is, we've
mixed things up. Or if the
natives are still referring to those who
lived in the Indonesian region first, then the true
true
natives should mean Homo erectus who
have been here since 1 million years
ago. So, do you want to be compared to
ancient humans? Come on, do you want to?
Not for me
. But what do you think
? Who are the native
Indonesians actually? Or yes, this is just a
political term to divide
us. Which one is this? Please comment. By
the time the pugese and Spanish arrived
on the scene in the 16th century, the
entire archipelago was either under the sway
of Islam or on its way to becoming
Muslim. Okay, that's all we want to know this time
about who the indigenous people of
Indonesia really are. What are the origins of Indonesian people
? And it turns out that we
Indonesians were divided into three
waves, namely waves 1, 2, and
3 from Africa, from around Vietnam, and
from the island of Formosa, the island that is now
Taiwan. If I've made
a mistake or you want to ask a question or something you
didn't add to the video, you can write it in the comments, we'll have a
normal discussion. Once again, thank you for
watching. Don't forget to like, comment and
subscribe. Bye. You rain on me every time
my nature to fight, it doesn't mean it was made. Yeah.
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