Regulations are detailed rules created by government agencies, authorized by laws, to implement and enforce legislative intent across federal, state, and local levels, impacting various sectors including agriculture.
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okay there was my
1.5 second break
and now we'll get to the regulations
regulations are adopted by specified
government agencies that are given
specific authority and direction in
other words
in the law as a law is written and
adopted or an ordinance is written and adopted
adopted
part of the language of that law
would be which agency
is given authority over this
regulatory control over this
and they're also given some direction in
terms of what they're required to do
to make sure that this law
is implemented and enforced
regulatory agencies are created by law
and authorized to develop regulations i
already told you about the usda that
there is a federal law that says the
usda must exist as a responsibility of
the federal government
and so to the fda the food and drug
administration or the cdc which i think
you've heard a lot about the center for
disease control
lots of agencies
they exist because there's a law that says
says
they must exist
not only at the federal level but state
and sometimes city and county levels as well
well and
and
part of
the collection of laws that not only say
they must exist in order to
provide some service but
what are their responsibilities and
those responsibilities can be added to
over time
regulations put laws into action by
supplying the details of compliance and
enforcement so
as i mentioned before
how do you make sure that people are
food safe
how do you make sure that people are
being safe on the road
you know speed limits and no turn
no left turns on red lights and all
kinds of different rules that we have
whether it's driving whether it's food
safety whether it's contract law whether
it's intellectual property rights
i can't go out and make my own line of
nike owns that brand there's a lot
in terms of
a trademark
that i can't violate so
so
one of the challenges that as new laws
are being made often just they're dumped
onto existing agencies for regulatory purposes
purposes
and so the usda keeps getting more and
more stuff dumped on it but often the
money doesn't follow it's like all right
you got to do this too oh and this and
uh here's five more things then well
don't forget these 10
and they keep adding more and more and
more without
the resources without additional people
and money to to
to
come up with the regulations to
uh enact
proper programs so the regulations are
being followed and enforcement
enforcement
so in some cases there are laws with
no reason to follow them because
nobody's look
and that's not good and we've got to be
careful about that if you're going to
have a law you need to have a law that
can be followed regulated
regulated
and enforced
political posturing to say look what i did
did
and in reality you did nothing but paper
that nobody's paying attention to
but still regulations are huge they are important
important
two most commonly encountered
the city and county things are fine-tuning
fine-tuning
details maybe where can i build this new warehouse
warehouse
things like that there might be certain
specific laws but
you deal with them once in a while but
you don't deal with the local stuff
nearly as often as the federal and state
that's the big stuff that's what you
have to deal with on a regular basis
at the federal level there are 50 titles
titles
in the united states code
so it's organized like an outline
there's the u.s
or united states code
the code book the laws of the united
states and there are 50 titles 50 groups
and then within each of those
50 groups
there are specific sections and it goes
down in
to detail like an outline with all of
the wording and the detail once you get
to a specific law
in california it's organized very
similarly with 29 titles
and huge range of rules some of which
are obviously agriculture some of which
apply to agriculture but are not quite
and so here for example is the
50 titles of the us code
and you know one that i
see one whole section
railroads shipping and transportation 45
46 and 49 here
are those about agriculture not directly
but do they affect agriculture oh hell
they're all about moving product around
it doesn't matter whether it's
agriculture anything else but these
codes these titles within the codes are huge
huge
patents i would say the same thing is
that about egg no does it affect egg is
it is that part of that
hell yes so a lot of these affect agriculture
and
one that i think is pretty obvious that
impacts agriculture pretty
heavily is number seven agriculture
agriculture you
you
don't have to be uh uh
uh
too bright to understand that title
seven is going to be really important in
agriculture labor again i'm not going to
go down the list you don't need to
memorize this list at all you just need
to understand that there are 50 code per
titles within the codes of the us
many of which are directly or indirectly
impacting agriculture
and if i wanted to learn more about these
these
i could certainly
legal information institute cornell
university in new york has
all of the updated
codes
and i'm just making sure that that link
works and i'm sure it would and there it
is california legislative
information so um
um
all the different sections here now is
it 29 or you know
if there's one or one added one taken
away two combined i'm not going to get
into that kind of detail i'm pretty sure
there's still 29
but if there's not i'm not going to go
and count them i will never ask you how
many are there
um but again labor code very important
in agriculture
the education code that is something i
have to deal with all of the time in my job
job
food and agriculture obviously agriculture
agriculture
so again lots of things water code oh my
god is that agriculture amongst
so regulations are the implementing
rules for laws and are recorded in the federal
federal
and state codes of regulation so your
laws are
called the codes so i got my federal codes
codes
but i also have my federal codes of
regulation and it's organized exactly
the same way in exactly the same titles
and sections and everything else it's
all organized the outline is exactly
identical but when you
drill down on the on the law on the
codes you get to the wording of the law
you drill down to the exact same
organizational hierarchy to the same
section and you can read about the regulations
so here are the federal codes of
regulations again exactly the same
stuff exactly the same list with number
seven being agriculture the only
difference is when you were to drill
down into this instead of reading the
language of the law that the legislature
or the
congress put together
you're now reading
the compliance part you're reading the
rules of compliance the regulations
and enforcement
compliance and enforcement go hand in
hand and the same thing the codes of
regulations for california
california
and this has 28 the other one had 29 [Music]
don't worry about
so
title iii food and agriculture at the
california state level
really important so the list
in the order that it was on that slide
slide uh
uh
isn't important they get these names
these titles
that we talk about and
and
that are important in
communication so for example education
education
is title five so i talk about title five
with my colleagues all the time about
what's going on with title v education
um within
the agriculture it's
divided up into a division so i've got a
code of regulation a title
and now i've got a division which is a
a section
section
of that and this particular first
division is about administration issues
so chapter one is general food and
agriculture administration
issues the department of food and agriculture
agriculture
department of pesticide regulations
examination for county officers etc etc
again don't memorize this stuff it's
just how it's organized
codes codes of regulations titles
titles divisions
divisions chapters
and within the chapters they're the
organization is going to be
further subdivided into the specific details
details
animal industry is division two so
dairies and poultry etc economics
so i'm not going to go through the
lots of other regulatory
things that will come up in the
federal and state codes that
that
may be directly or indirectly affecting agriculture
agriculture
and it's important to know what these
rules are regulations to comply
with production agriculture
and production of lettuce and
strawberries and broccoli and all the
stuff we're growing here in monterey county
is affected by the monterey county codes
cities may adopt other specific laws for
agriculture and
the monterey county code book is
actually full of ordinances don't worry
about that we generally call them
ordinances but as a collection we call
the code book or the monterey county codes
codes
and so here are the titles
of the monterey county codes the
collection of laws the collection
of ordinances so it's the codes of ordinances
ordinances
okay so the individual law the
individual code is called an ordinance
but still the word codes is part of the
language okay so keep that straight
federal codes state codes
and we get to things that
sometimes are very important at the
local level streets and sidewalks zoning
zoning is
where you can build what kinds of things
you can't put a tire
factory in the middle of a residential
neighborhood you need to be in
an industrial part of the county in
order to build a tire manufacturing facility
facility
or even a agricultural packing house
you've got to be in a place that is
zoned to allow that kind of business
operation and likewise i can't build an
apartment complex right in the middle of
an industrial area unless it is somehow
a mixed
residential light industrial area which
some places are you have these mixed communities
communities
but even in a mixed zone you're not
going to have a tire manufacturing
facility residents right next to each
um
there are a lot of issues these kind of
are constant labor
labor
labor has been ramping up for 20 years and
and
is an issue will remain an issue safety
safety
worker safety primarily they're talking
about here
food safety
pesticide use which is kind of an
offshoot of safety
not only to
workers but to public to the environment
vehicle codes habitat and species so
issues dealing with
our interaction or interface between
agriculture and the
the environment
environment
water water is always an issue
this isn't something that's new this is
something that's been going on for
for
generations not just decades
air quality land use building and health
these are things that
i would say are current
current
but they have been this has been the
same basic list with minor changes in priority
priority
minor changes in some of the specifics for
for
20 years
so we're going to get into the history the
the
key timeline of laws and regulations and
i don't know if this is still
active but i'm going to take a look [Music]
[Music]
there are some great historical
records agricultural history i don't
know if this has all the same
information but it still is there
under the national national ag library
which is awesome glad it's still there
and not moved and also with the usda
they have some great historical
information that went into this in usda
history perfect
they're both still active sites
so again i'm going to take a short break
chop these lectures up into smaller pieces
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