0:02 here is an overview of casings cemented
0:08 in a well call primary cementing the
0:10 cements main jobs are to completely
0:13 isolate or totally seal off all the oil
0:16 gas and water zones from the wellbore
0:22 and DeBaun the casing firmly to the wall
0:29 of the hole here the crew has drilled
0:31 the well to the casing point the depth
0:39 the driller circulates drilling mud to
0:41 clean the hole and to make sure the mud
0:47 is in good condition then the crew pulls
0:52 the drill string out of the hole the
0:55 next step in primary cementing is for
0:57 the casing crew to run the casing into
1:03 the well one joint at a time notice at
1:06 the bottom of the casing the guide shoe
1:12 and float collar also notice the
1:17 centralizers and scratchers the guide
1:20 shoe guides the first joint of casing
1:25 into the wellbore a valve and
1:27 float collar let's the crew float the
1:29 casing into the well to lessen the load
1:35 on the rigs hoisting system centralizers
1:37 keep the casing off the wall of the hole
1:45 scratchers remove wall cake to ensure a
1:54 the cementing crew next readies a
1:59 cementing unit the cementing unit
2:11 special additives to the cement to make
2:16 a liquid cement slurry a high-pressure
2:19 cement pumping unit moves the slurry
2:25 down the casing to get the cement slurry
2:28 down the casing the cementing crew makes
2:31 up a cementing head also called a plug
2:34 retainer on the top joint of casing
2:39 suspended in the rig's elevator the
2:41 cementing head has an end tlit for the
2:49 slurry enters the head at the connection
2:56 on the side the valves on the head allow
2:58 the crew to control the point at which
3:03 the slurry enters the head from the
3:06 cementing head the slurry goes into the
3:11 casing the head also holds special plugs
3:17 called wiper plugs the wiper
3:19 retainers keep the wiper plugs in the
3:22 head until the crew releases them to
3:24 allow the plugs to be pumped down the
3:29 casing the fluid Inlet allows the crew
3:32 to pump mud water or a special
3:34 displacement fluid the fluid that pushes
3:40 the cement into the annulus this head
3:43 holds two wiper plugs a bottom wiper
3:52 plug and the top wiper plug the bottom
3:57 plug goes into the casing first it wipes
4:00 mud off the inside of the casing and
4:05 separates the mud from the cement the
4:08 top plug follows the last of the cement
4:13 into the casing it wipes cement off the
4:16 inside of the casing and separates
4:29 Cement pump fresh
4:32 moves the cement slurry to the cementing
4:34 head where a crew member releases the
4:40 bottom wiper plug slurry pushes the
4:42 bottom plug down the casing until it
4:48 seats in the float color when the plug
4:50 seats continued pump pressure on the
4:53 slurry ruptures a diaphragm on the
4:58 bottom of the plug this allows cement
5:01 slurry to go out the guide shoe and into
5:06 the annulus when the calculated amount
5:09 of cement slurry has been pumped a crew
5:17 displacement fluid forces the top wiper
5:19 plug down the casing until it seats in
5:21 the float collar on the top of the
5:26 bottom plug because the top plug is
5:29 solid pump pressure rises when the plug
5:35 seats a sharp rise in pump pressure
5:37 signals the pump operator to shut down
5:43 the pump the float valve holds the
5:45 cement in place not allowing it to you
5:48 tube back into the casing once it is
5:53 displaced into the annulus the cementing
5:59 job is complete depending on hole
6:01 conditions and the type of cement used
6:04 the cement slurry hardens or sets up
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