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How Were the Pyramids Built?
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[Applause]
[Applause] okay so we're going for a ride around
okay so we're going for a ride around
okay so we're going for a ride around the
the
the pyramids the Great Pyramid was the
pyramids the Great Pyramid was the
pyramids the Great Pyramid was the tallest man-made structure for nearly
tallest man-made structure for nearly
tallest man-made structure for nearly 4,000 years only surpassed by a large
4,000 years only surpassed by a large
4,000 years only surpassed by a large margin by the Eiffel Tower in
margin by the Eiffel Tower in
margin by the Eiffel Tower in 1889 147 M High you are interested by
1889 147 M High you are interested by
1889 147 M High you are interested by climbing yeah it's climbing but he is
climbing yeah it's climbing but he is
climbing yeah it's climbing but he is not free how much what makes the
not free how much what makes the
not free how much what makes the pyramids even more impressive is that
pyramids even more impressive is that
pyramids even more impressive is that these structures were built over 4,500
these structures were built over 4,500
these structures were built over 4,500 years years ago when Egyptians didn't
years years ago when Egyptians didn't
years years ago when Egyptians didn't have wheels or steel the only metal
have wheels or steel the only metal
have wheels or steel the only metal available was copper and copper Alloys
available was copper and copper Alloys
available was copper and copper Alloys it took about 2 million stones to build
it took about 2 million stones to build
it took about 2 million stones to build that pyramid well I call them Stones
that pyramid well I call them Stones
that pyramid well I call them Stones giant rocks somewhere between 1 and 1 12
giant rocks somewhere between 1 and 1 12
giant rocks somewhere between 1 and 1 12 and 3 tons each the pyramids took about
and 3 tons each the pyramids took about
and 3 tons each the pyramids took about 20 to 30 years to make it's a long time
20 to 30 years to make it's a long time
20 to 30 years to make it's a long time but if you think about the number of
but if you think about the number of
but if you think about the number of stones a couple million stones in every
stones a couple million stones in every
stones a couple million stones in every pyramid you'd have to be laying a stone
pyramid you'd have to be laying a stone
pyramid you'd have to be laying a stone roughly once every 3 minutes
roughly once every 3 minutes
roughly once every 3 minutes if you consider a regular workday like a
if you consider a regular workday like a
if you consider a regular workday like a 10 hour 12h hour workday nobody know how
10 hour 12h hour workday nobody know how
10 hour 12h hour workday nobody know how they build it it's still secret but a
they build it it's still secret but a
they build it it's still secret but a lot of people they try to do the best to
lot of people they try to do the best to
lot of people they try to do the best to give you some information about how they
give you some information about how they
give you some information about how they did it but we must say it's secret they
did it but we must say it's secret they
did it but we must say it's secret they did and they take the secret of them
did and they take the secret of them
did and they take the secret of them nobody know no plans survive to show us
nobody know no plans survive to show us
nobody know no plans survive to show us how the pyramids were built so perhaps
how the pyramids were built so perhaps
how the pyramids were built so perhaps it's not surprising that this is the
it's not surprising that this is the
it's not surprising that this is the subject of countless conspiracy theories
subject of countless conspiracy theories
subject of countless conspiracy theories involving aliens time travel or lost
involving aliens time travel or lost
involving aliens time travel or lost Technologies but there is a a less
Technologies but there is a a less
Technologies but there is a a less far-fetched myth which has become widely
far-fetched myth which has become widely
far-fetched myth which has become widely accepted that the pyramids were built by
accepted that the pyramids were built by
accepted that the pyramids were built by slaves but recent discoveries suggest
slaves but recent discoveries suggest
slaves but recent discoveries suggest the pyramid Builders were not slaves at
the pyramid Builders were not slaves at
the pyramid Builders were not slaves at all they were skilled workers
all they were skilled workers
all they were skilled workers well-preserved tombs near the pyramids
well-preserved tombs near the pyramids
well-preserved tombs near the pyramids suggest that their hard labor and
suggest that their hard labor and
suggest that their hard labor and sacrifice were rewarded if these workers
sacrifice were rewarded if these workers
sacrifice were rewarded if these workers had been slaves they would not have
had been slaves they would not have
had been slaves they would not have received such honorable
received such honorable
received such honorable burials but how did they actually manage
burials but how did they actually manage
burials but how did they actually manage to build the pyramids one of the things
to build the pyramids one of the things
to build the pyramids one of the things I find really interesting is that the
I find really interesting is that the
I find really interesting is that the Egyptians did didn't know about wheels
Egyptians did didn't know about wheels
Egyptians did didn't know about wheels so they didn't really even use rollers
so they didn't really even use rollers
so they didn't really even use rollers as far as we can tell I mean these rocks
as far as we can tell I mean these rocks
as far as we can tell I mean these rocks would have been carted across the desert
would have been carted across the desert
would have been carted across the desert on sleds there's a famous diagram of
on sleds there's a famous diagram of
on sleds there's a famous diagram of this giant statue being pulled by 172
this giant statue being pulled by 172
this giant statue being pulled by 172 men and that that statue would have
men and that that statue would have
men and that that statue would have weighed somewhere on the order of 68
weighed somewhere on the order of 68
weighed somewhere on the order of 68 tons or something this would normally
tons or something this would normally
tons or something this would normally create a lot of friction but the sand
create a lot of friction but the sand
create a lot of friction but the sand was wetted in front of the sled
was wetted in front of the sled
was wetted in front of the sled experiments show this would reduce the
experiments show this would reduce the
experiments show this would reduce the pulling Force required by half the
pulling Force required by half the
pulling Force required by half the internal Stone of this pyramid are all
internal Stone of this pyramid are all
internal Stone of this pyramid are all Limestone which is a bit softer and
Limestone which is a bit softer and
Limestone which is a bit softer and easier to work you can imagine them
easier to work you can imagine them
easier to work you can imagine them working it with those copper chisels
working it with those copper chisels
working it with those copper chisels that they had some of these blocks may
that they had some of these blocks may
that they had some of these blocks may have been actually sawed through using
have been actually sawed through using
have been actually sawed through using copper saws now you wouldn't think that
copper saws now you wouldn't think that
copper saws now you wouldn't think that copper could really cut rock but if you
copper could really cut rock but if you
copper could really cut rock but if you put an abrasive in there like a a sand
put an abrasive in there like a a sand
put an abrasive in there like a a sand you could actually wear away the stone
you could actually wear away the stone
you could actually wear away the stone probably be a very difficult and labor
probably be a very difficult and labor
probably be a very difficult and labor intensive job something that you don't
intensive job something that you don't
intensive job something that you don't really think about is that when you
really think about is that when you
really think about is that when you build a pyramid you need to build it on
build a pyramid you need to build it on
build a pyramid you need to build it on level ground you can actually see there
level ground you can actually see there
level ground you can actually see there how they had to level out that ground
how they had to level out that ground
how they had to level out that ground well it speculated that when the Nile
well it speculated that when the Nile
well it speculated that when the Nile flooded they put the flood water into a
flooded they put the flood water into a
flooded they put the flood water into a channel and see where the high parts
channel and see where the high parts
channel and see where the high parts were so the inside Was Made of This
were so the inside Was Made of This
were so the inside Was Made of This Limestone the outside of this pyramid
Limestone the outside of this pyramid
Limestone the outside of this pyramid was actually made of granite much harder
was actually made of granite much harder
was actually made of granite much harder Stone I'm at the Granite Quarry in Awan
Stone I'm at the Granite Quarry in Awan
Stone I'm at the Granite Quarry in Awan where they would have quarried the
where they would have quarried the
where they would have quarried the stones that were used in the pyramids at
stones that were used in the pyramids at
stones that were used in the pyramids at Giza now that is an incredible feat
Giza now that is an incredible feat
Giza now that is an incredible feat because this is nearly 1,000 kilm away
because this is nearly 1,000 kilm away
because this is nearly 1,000 kilm away from Giza and when the Nile flooded
from Giza and when the Nile flooded
from Giza and when the Nile flooded water would come right through here so
water would come right through here so
water would come right through here so that they could move all the stones
that they could move all the stones
that they could move all the stones quarried here this Granite they could
quarried here this Granite they could
quarried here this Granite they could move this back up to Giza and use it on
move this back up to Giza and use it on
move this back up to Giza and use it on the pyramids these would have had to
the pyramids these would have had to
the pyramids these would have had to been floated down on rafts now quaring
been floated down on rafts now quaring
been floated down on rafts now quaring this would have been really hard Granite
this would have been really hard Granite
this would have been really hard Granite is one of the hardest rocks because it
is one of the hardest rocks because it
is one of the hardest rocks because it contains quartz and quartz on the
contains quartz and quartz on the
contains quartz and quartz on the hardness scale is about a seven where
hardness scale is about a seven where
hardness scale is about a seven where diamond is a 10 so how would you dig a
diamond is a 10 so how would you dig a
diamond is a 10 so how would you dig a massive trench like that basically the
massive trench like that basically the
massive trench like that basically the technique was just to smash the doite
technique was just to smash the doite
technique was just to smash the doite rock into the granite over and over over
rock into the granite over and over over
rock into the granite over and over over and over again they would make about 5
and over again they would make about 5
and over again they would make about 5 mm progress per hour so there is no
mm progress per hour so there is no
mm progress per hour so there is no clear account of how the pyramids were
clear account of how the pyramids were
clear account of how the pyramids were actually built but the best guess is
actually built but the best guess is
actually built but the best guess is that ramps were used and in fact some
that ramps were used and in fact some
that ramps were used and in fact some ramps have been found on incomplete
ramps have been found on incomplete
ramps have been found on incomplete pyramids but you can't build just a
pyramids but you can't build just a
pyramids but you can't build just a straight ramp a long straight ramp and
straight ramp a long straight ramp and
straight ramp a long straight ramp and keep putting the Rocks up I mean the
keep putting the Rocks up I mean the
keep putting the Rocks up I mean the problem with that is the the ramp
problem with that is the the ramp
problem with that is the the ramp actually ends up taking up more material
actually ends up taking up more material
actually ends up taking up more material than the pyramid itself I think a ramp
than the pyramid itself I think a ramp
than the pyramid itself I think a ramp which sort of wraps around the pyramids
which sort of wraps around the pyramids
which sort of wraps around the pyramids is probably the most likely thing the
is probably the most likely thing the
is probably the most likely thing the top third of the height of the pyramid
top third of the height of the pyramid
top third of the height of the pyramid actually only accounts for about 4% of
actually only accounts for about 4% of
actually only accounts for about 4% of all the material in the pyramid that's
all the material in the pyramid that's
all the material in the pyramid that's why it suspected that levers were
why it suspected that levers were
why it suspected that levers were actually used to finish off the pyramid
actually used to finish off the pyramid
actually used to finish off the pyramid to do the top levels now the pyramids
to do the top levels now the pyramids
to do the top levels now the pyramids have clearly weathered but in the past
have clearly weathered but in the past
have clearly weathered but in the past they would have been a brighter white
they would have been a brighter white
they would have been a brighter white because they would have used a white
because they would have used a white
because they would have used a white Limestone to cover the whole face of
Limestone to cover the whole face of
Limestone to cover the whole face of that pyramid and then the very top may
that pyramid and then the very top may
that pyramid and then the very top may have been covered with electrum which is
have been covered with electrum which is
have been covered with electrum which is a mixture of gold and silver so if you
a mixture of gold and silver so if you
a mixture of gold and silver so if you can imagine
can imagine
can imagine that would be a pretty spectacular site
that would be a pretty spectacular site
that would be a pretty spectacular site the reason these pyramids are are shaped
the reason these pyramids are are shaped
the reason these pyramids are are shaped this way is so they represent sun rays
this way is so they represent sun rays
this way is so they represent sun rays imagine what that would have looked like
imagine what that would have looked like
imagine what that would have looked like when it was first built with a shiny
when it was first built with a shiny
when it was first built with a shiny metallic top and smooth white finish on
metallic top and smooth white finish on
metallic top and smooth white finish on on all of those sides I think that would
on all of those sides I think that would
on all of those sides I think that would have been a sight to
have been a sight to
have been a sight to [Music]
behold hey I hope you enjoyed that video
behold hey I hope you enjoyed that video I filmed it earlier this year when I was
I filmed it earlier this year when I was
I filmed it earlier this year when I was in Egypt now I'm currently in Melbourne
in Egypt now I'm currently in Melbourne
in Egypt now I'm currently in Melbourne Australia and tomorrow I am flying to
Australia and tomorrow I am flying to
Australia and tomorrow I am flying to the US in fact next week I'm actually
the US in fact next week I'm actually
the US in fact next week I'm actually doing a live show in Alabama with Henry
doing a live show in Alabama with Henry
doing a live show in Alabama with Henry from minute physics Destin from smarter
from minute physics Destin from smarter
from minute physics Destin from smarter everyday Brady Heron from number file
everyday Brady Heron from number file
everyday Brady Heron from number file periodic videos and 60 symbols and cgp
periodic videos and 60 symbols and cgp
periodic videos and 60 symbols and cgp Gray from cgp Gray yes he will actually
Gray from cgp Gray yes he will actually
Gray from cgp Gray yes he will actually be there in person so if you want to
be there in person so if you want to
be there in person so if you want to come and join us then check out the link
come and join us then check out the link
come and join us then check out the link in the dooblydoo you know on all of
in the dooblydoo you know on all of
in the dooblydoo you know on all of these long flights I always need
these long flights I always need
these long flights I always need something to help me pass the time and I
something to help me pass the time and I
something to help me pass the time and I know what I'm going to be doing tomorrow
know what I'm going to be doing tomorrow
know what I'm going to be doing tomorrow I'll be listening to the brand new audio
I'll be listening to the brand new audio
I'll be listening to the brand new audio book from Bill Nye the book is called
book from Bill Nye the book is called
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