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FTG Mencerdaskan Masyarakat - Apa itu Gempa Megathrust!! | Fakultas Teknik Geologi Universitas Padjadjaran | YouTubeToText
YouTube Transcript: FTG Mencerdaskan Masyarakat - Apa itu Gempa Megathrust!!
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[Music]
Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi
wabarakatuh Peace be upon you, keep up the
spirit for all of us
lovers of the Faculty of Geological Engineering, Universitas
Universitas
Pajajaran channel. Today we meet again
and we will discuss the problem
that has been
heard by all of us in the media, both
social media and media citak, about
one aspect of
geological science, namely what is
known as
megatrust and this may
raise many questions about what
megatrust actually is. So this time the Faculty of
Geological Engineering, Universitas
Pajaran channel will discuss
megatrust in general to be able to
provide enlightenment to the public
in accordance with the theme of the FTG channel to educate the
educate the public.
public.
Indonesia is a country
located in the Pacific
Ring of Fire area.
Therefore, it often experiences
earthquakes that can cause
major damage. One type of earthquake that has
recently become a
concern is the megathrust earthquake.
What exactly is a
megathrust earthquake and why is
dangerous? A
megathrust earthquake is a type of strong earthquake that
occurs in the
megathrust zone. So in this slide we can
see that there is a meeting of plates
as the source of the earthquake. In the middle
there is something called a lock zone. Well,
this is the source of the earthquake, namely the zone
active subduction where the Ocean tectonic plate
presses under the
continental tectonic plate megathrust zone is an area
where two plates meet and it is
written lock J so it means pressing each other there
yes if this stress field is released
suddenly then a large earthquake occurs
which is what we know
as megathrust Tras so this is from two
words Mega is big yes Tras means
push or pressure and this earthquake
can reach magnitudes up to above
making it one of the
strongest earthquakes that has the potential to cause a Tsunami
Tsunami
Indonesia has several
megathrust zones spread across various regions
regions
including the Sunda subduction covering the areas of
Sumatra Java Bali Lombok and Sumba
as we see in
this slide two for example the Banda subduction covering the
Banda Islands the third
subduction of the Maluku sea plate the
fourth subduction of Sulawesi the fifth
subduction of the Philippine sea plate the
sixth subduction of North
Papua these megathrust zones were formed
millions of years ago and are a
potential source of large earthquakes in Indonesia
Indonesia
Now let's look at what is much
talked about, namely megathrust activity in South
South
Java one of the most active megathrust zones in
in
Indonesia is the southern Java megathrust zone
in this region there are
three segments The
main megatras are depicted in this slide,
first is the East Java segment,
second is the Central Java segment,
West Java, third is the Banten segment,
Sunda Strait, each of
these segments based on observations and
research has the potential for earthquakes up to magnitude
magnitude
8.7, but
if two segments move
simultaneously, the resulting earthquake magnitude
can be greater than
8.7. Well, we can see in several
historical records about earthquakes in the
southern Java megatra zone, for example,
magnitudes 7 to
7.9 occurred in 1903,
1903, 921,
921, 1937,
1937, 1981,
1981,
1994, 2006 and
2009. In addition, earthquakes with a magnitude of 8
or eh in any year, so
in historical research, perhaps there will be
historical research on
earthquakes, for example, there was one in
1900, eh, 1780, it
happened in 1943 too. That's what's above,
above,
well, this is what's important for the
public to know, namely the effects of the
megatras earthquake. This is the first thing that
we must be aware of, namely the
tsunami, one of the most dangerous effects
of the earthquake. This megatras is a tsunami that
often occurs in the subduction zone
under the sea and when tectonic plates
move it can push sea water
with great force causing
tsunami waves that can
destroy coastal areas second is
is
infrastructure damage megatras earthquakes have a
very large magnitude so that they can
destroy buildings Roads Bridges
other infrastructure this damage can make
many people homeless
and cause major disruptions in
transportation and basic services such as
electricity and water third is
landslides strong vibrations from earthquakes can
trigger landslides especially in
mountainous and hilly areas
this landslide can bury houses roads and even
villages resulting in many casualties
fourth this is
liquefaction liquefaction this occurs when a strong earthquake
shakes water-saturated soil
turning it into mud that is
unable to support buildings this causes
buildings and infrastructure to sink
or tilt fifth for example
fire earthquakes can damage
gas and electricity networks causing
large fires that are difficult to extinguish
especially if access to the area affected by the
earthquake is blocked by debris
seventh fatalities and injuries
megatras earthquakes can cause many
fatalities and injuries due to buildings collapsing,
being hit by debris or being swept away by the
tsunami In addition Health Facilities
may not be able to handle the
large number of victims that ninth there is
economic disruption the extensive damage
caused by this megathrust earthquake can
destroy the local economy
agricultural and industrial businesses can be halted
and the cost of reconstruction can be very
high resulting in
long-lasting economic impacts that 10
population dislocation Due to damage to homes and
infrastructure many people may have to
evacuate from the affected area
these refugees may have to stay in
temporary shelters for a
long time which can cause
humanitarian problems such as lack of food
clean water and health services
these side effects show how
devastating the impact of the megathrust earthquake
and the importance here is
disaster mitigation to reduce the risk and
impact of this kind of event well
I come to the next slide
I want to explain about mitigating
this megathrust earthquake So this is an effort to
reduce the risk for example we have
prepared what is called a
tsunami risk zone map then also because
megathrust earthquakes can occur at any time
and have a very destructive impact it is
important for the community to always be
alert and carry out disaster mitigation
mitigation steps can include
education about actions to
take before and after an earthquake
occurs as well as increasing preparedness
in facing disasters in
facing the threat of megathrust knowledge
and preparedness preparedness is the key to
to
reducing risk and saving
lives Eh meteorological agency
BMKG climatology and geophysics has conducted
various observations since 2020
2020
evaluating the occurrence of
earthquakes at a number of points and clusters,
especially off the coast of South
East Java, South Sunda Strait, Central Java
and West Pentawi and the frequency of
earthquakes has experienced jumps with
various maturities in historical records,
this tsunami has indeed occurred
several times, for example in East Java in
1830 1840
1840
1843, most recently we also heard in
1994, so therefore it is necessary to prepare
mitigation readiness of facilities and infrastructure
for evacuation if a
tsunami occurs, prepare
immediately does not mean there will definitely be an
earthquake There is not only a trend of
small earthquakes that usually precede large earthquakes,
well, this should perhaps be remembered by the
public that the information
conveyed is not to
scare or provide
anxiety to the public but
perhaps this is to provide
a kind of warning we must be prepared
must prepare ourselves besides that it is
necessary to carry out reforestation efforts
for example by planting mangroves on the
southern coast to withstand the
onslaught of sea waves and the threat of
tsunamis then perfecting standard
operating procedures for evacuation and
considering tsunami modeling so that
tsunami modeling is made How
far the water enters the
coast needs to be determined strictly spatial planning and
earthquake and tsunami resistant building standards
based on micro maps of
earthquake resistant housing standards for the
general public that are easy and cheap
or have the community check
retrofitting or strengthening existing houses to be
earthquake resistant to prevent
casualties during an earthquake one of the
solutions is with earthquake resistant housing mitigation
zoning and tsunami hazard maps
that have been
explained earlier simulation of people in
crowded places such as markets and
high-rise buildings If a tsunami occurs, for example,
they have to run in which direction
and this is made exercises so that
people understand what to
do if an earthquake occurs
rescue efforts and minimize the impact of
casualties disaster mitigation needs to be included in the
school curriculum or
extracurricular activities so that the pattern of news
also in the media for example, which
currently influences the public must
provide information that is not
worrying with sentences that
provide caution sa certainly
do not report things that actually make
people afraid and cause
unrest So what is conveyed is
in the media, it is
a simulation not a prediction
ee so that it will have a
devastating impact yes It is not impossible yes that for
example, what was conveyed earlier if the two
segments move at once could
happen for example as
happened in Japan three segments broke in
succession causing a 9.1 earthquake
for example In my opinion, in
2011 this disaster occurred because we did
not know the threat so that
this research observation is important as a reference and
warning not to scare and
cause anxiety if
Abe then it
will cause a disaster because of the
inability to manage
risk by
using artificial intelligence yes and
big data yes data The large amount of data then the
determination of the Tsunami can be known in a
short time technologically there
is indeed a regular leap in
monitoring this tsunami due to
this megatras so this information is not a
definite prediction of when where and
how big the earthquake
ee information that must provide
awareness to the community that they
live in an area that
has the potential to be affected
because until
now there has been no technology that can
predict earthquakes precisely and
accurately Well what is the attitude of the community
therefore it is hoped that the community will remain calm
calm
then respond to it naturally
but must increase
vigilance then he must also
recognize the area where he lives
because this information is not a prediction
But all
parties with this information can prepare
prepare
themselves as the keyword is conveyed
that the disaster will occur because
we do not know the threat So what
I said earlier were the
threats from megatras if we
can describe the threat
we will be
able to minimize the risk and
minimize the risk of this disaster as best as
possible So once again, perhaps this is an
enlightenment to the public not to be
too anxious with the information
conveyed, but this is an
an
important thing because
what is known by
institutions and researchers
if it is not conveyed to the
public will be something that is
EE science must reach the
public for the benefit of the
public, but it should not be
considered as something scary.
Instead, we must increase our
awareness of the things that must be
prepared, for example, checking the condition of the
house environment. Is it included in the
earthquake-resistant category or what
because the earthquake itself does not
cause casualties, there are injuries, there are
casualties Because it was hit by a
building that was not
earthquake-resistant. I think that's all
I want to convey so that the public can
understand what is about megatrust
and we are not consumed by issues or
problems that are blown up by
other parties so that we are
anxious, but we actually with
that information increase our awareness, that's all,
that's all,
eh, the UNP ftg channel this time to
provide enlightenment to the public,
thank you for your attention. May
we always be under the protection of Allah
subhanahu wa taala, given strength and
stay healthy, wasalamualaikum
warahmatullahi wabarakatuh than [Music]
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