Migration, a fundamental aspect of human history and development, is currently often perceived as a problem or threat, leading to restrictive policies, despite its significant economic and social benefits.
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more than 100,000 years ago the first
modern humans left Africa and began to
colonize the world since then human
history is also a history of migration
migration has always been a strong
impetus towards human development these
days however migration is often seen as
a problem or threat but what exactly is
migration what are its underlying causes
and what problems and opportunities does
migration present migration is defined
as the permanent change of residence of
a person or group it is a natural social
phenomenon humans have colonized the
entire world and penetrated its remotest
areas migration has taken place within
very different contexts military
conquest flight of refugees expulsion or
enslavement but migrants have also
traveled in search of economic
opportunities new settlement areas or
trade routes
currently approximately 216 million
people are living away from their place
of birth this number equals about 3% of
the world population analyzing the
reasons for migration one distinguishes
between push and pull factors often both
appear together push factors are
circumstances in the country of origin
that lead people to immigrate for
example poverty war or environmental
disasters pole factors are conditions in
the destination country that make
immigration attractive such as Economic
Freedom considering these reasons one
distinguishes between different forms of
migration Asylum Seekers are fleeing war
or persecution in their home
country the internationally accepted
Geneva Convention States no person may
be sent back to a country where they
face inhumane treatment torture or the
death penalty
labor migration is based on the hope for
a better economic
future but it can be difficult for
people from poor countries to get a work
or residence visa in a rich
country migrants who enter the
destination country in an informal way
or who do not leave the country after
the expiration of a tourist visa are
referred to as illegal
migrants another case is the
international migration of highly
trained professionals it takes place
both between developed countries and
between developing and developed
countries this form of migration is
often desired and encouraged by the destination
destination
countries what are the main migration routes
today by far most immigrants live in the
Germany the main countries of origin are
in proportion to their population
Persian Gulf countries host the largest
population they mostly come from South
Egypt most migrants in the US come from
Mexico in Europe the origin of
immigrants differs considerably between
countries and reflects their historical
development in Germany and Denmark a
large share of migrants are of Turkish
origin most immigrants in France
Portugal and Spain come from their
former colonies in addition there is a
strong migration within Europe This is
promoted by the eu's principle of free
movement citizens of the EU are allowed
to live in any EU member State without
restrictions nowadays migration is often
seen as a threat this is caused by a
number of fears for example the idea
that immigrants are expensive and a
burden to the welfare system of the
destination country especially in host
countries that offer few opportunities
of social Mobility to migrants they are
society another fear is that the host
country will l lose what is perceived as
its national identity especially through
the influx of groups from other
religions or
cultures often there's no successful
integration strategy so different ethnic
groups live in separate [Music]
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neighborhoods as a result of these fears
the migration policies in Western
industrial countries have become increasingly
increasingly
restrictive the US has built a giant
fence with high-tech surveillance to
seal its Southern border with
Mexico the European Union is also
fortifying its borders migration is
perceived primarily as a security
problem the EU is trying to block
migrants before they reach its territory
this is done by bilateral agreements
with the departure and Transit countries
and an ever increasing control of
refugee routes on land and
water in 2004 the EU established frontex
a joint agency to coordinate the
surveillance and closure of its external
borders human rights groups point out
that many refugees with a legitimate
claim for Asylum are blocked this
way it is increasingly difficult to
reach Europe the result is that
migration attempts are getting more and
more risky and often end
disastrously according to conservative
estimates between 1988 and 2010
approximately 15,000 people died
attempting to reach the EU more people
than at any other Border in the [Music]
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world what is not considered most of the
time migration also has positive aspects
migration contributes to the economic
development in migrants countries of
origin migrants around the world
transfer over $300 billion to their home
country each year that is considerably
more than the official development
assistance to these countries in
European countries as well as in other
industrialized nations such as Japan the
birth rate has dropped to a low level
below the replacement rate the result
declining population and an aging
Society experts believe that Europe will
soon be heavily dependent on migration
in order to meet its employment needs
and to stabilize the retirement
system finally migration contributes to
countries we see that the debate over
migration is burdened by fear and
Prejudice the effect is a restrictive
immigration policy and strict efforts to
prevent migration to destination
countries this is not just a problem in
terms of Ethics but also politically and
economically questionable in order to
deal with the problems attached to
migration it is especially important to
develop and Implement a constructive
migration policy such a policy would
include regulated immigration as well as
provide rights for legitimate Asylum Seekers
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