0:02 hello and welcome to lecture number 13
0:05 this is topic 2.2 departure zones in
0:08 Africa and the slave tra to the United
0:11 States the first learning objective is
0:13 to describe the scale and Geographic
0:15 scope of the transatlantic slave
0:18 trade the transatlantic slave trade was
0:19 the process in which enslaved people
0:21 from Africa were transported by European
0:24 nations to the Americas it was so large
0:26 that by 1800 more people in the Americas
0:27 were from Africa than any other region
0:31 in the world it lasted for 350 years
0:34 from 1526 to 1867 and the last major
0:36 importer was Brazil which stopped in
0:39 1850 in total more than 12 A5 million
0:40 enslaved Africans were forcibly
0:42 transferred to the Americas this does
0:44 not account for the people who died in
0:46 transit it is estimated that more than
0:48 1.8 million Africans died during the
0:50 Middle Passage due to horrific
0:53 conditions this also doesn't account for
0:54 the people who died as they were being
0:57 marched to coastal cities for export out
1:00 of those 125 million about 5%
1:03 approximately 388,000 came directly from
1:09 States of those who came to the United
1:11 States they usually landed in Charleston
1:13 South Carolina it was the point of
1:15 arrival for almost half of all Africans
1:17 brought directly from Africa to the
1:19 modern day United States totaling just
1:22 under 200,000 people Charleston was the
1:23 center of the United States slave
1:25 trading partially because the Carolina
1:27 colonies were set up by Barbadian white
1:28 Planters who had used slavery in
1:30 Barbados to grow sugar
1:32 while they could not grow sugarcane in
1:33 South Carolina because of the quality of
1:35 the soil they found that they could grow
1:38 rice in the Low Country rice cultivation
1:39 techniques were brought over by enslaved
1:41 Africans from the SAG Gambia region who
1:43 were highly skilled in this agricultural
1:45 practice African enslaved people were
1:47 very Adept to growing rice leading to a
1:48 massive importation of enslaved people
1:51 to do this agricultural work because of
1:53 the number brought to Charleston slave
1:55 auctions like the one seen on the screen
1:57 were very common in the heart of
1:59 Charleston a remnant of the slave tra is
2:01 the old slave Mar Museum which was a be
2:03 raccoon or holding cell for enslave
2:05 people to be sold or auctioned off it
2:07 operated for about 50 years in the early
2:09 1800s before it was shut down in the
2:11 closing years of the Civil War in
2:13 Charleston the auction houses were
2:15 located on chmer Street which became
2:17 known as The Wall Street of slavery due
2:19 to the high volume of
2:21 transactions the top enslaving nations
2:23 were Portugal Great Britain France Spain
2:25 and the Netherlands Portugal had the
2:28 most with 5.8 million and they dominated
2:29 the slave trade from the 16th to the 17
2:32 19 century the Portuguese established
2:33 the first European Trading Post in
2:36 subsaharan Africa at almina in
2:38 1482 the second most was Great Britain
2:40 with 3.3 million and they dominated the
2:43 trade from the 17th to the 18th century
2:45 part of the reason why they took so many
2:47 African captives to the Americas was
2:48 because of the crops they were using
2:51 them to grow primarily sugar cane the
2:52 life expectancy of enslaved people on
2:55 sugar cane plantations was very low and
2:57 it was more financially sound for the
2:58 Planters to continue to capture and
3:00 import more enslaved laborers than it
3:02 was to slow down production and keep the
3:04 enslaved Africans from dying from overe
3:06 exhaustion heat or other
3:08 diseases the last three enslaving
3:10 European nations are France Spain and
3:13 Netherlands with 1.4 million 1.5 million
3:16 and 550,000 enslaved people respectively
3:18 the French focused their slave trade
3:19 efforts to the Caribbean with major
3:21 centers in s domain now Haiti and
3:23 Martinique most of the arrivals to
3:25 British North America occurred between
3:28 1720 to 1780 and this includes parts of
3:29 the British colonies that are outside of
3:32 what became the United States primarily
3:33 the Caribbean islands of Barbados and
3:35 Jamaica where laborers for sugar
3:37 plantations were in high demand that the
3:39 enslave populations of the United States
3:40 reflected the huge numbers of people
3:43 that were transported by 1825 one
3:50 black the second learning objective is
3:52 to identify the primary slave trading
3:54 zones in Africa from which Africans were forcibly
3:59 taken the origins of Africans
4:00 transported direct ly to North American
4:02 primarily came from nine contemporary
4:05 African regions Santa Gambia Sierra Leon
4:08 Liberia Ghana Benin Nigeria Angola and
4:11 mosan Beque the percentages are shown on
4:12 the map with the largest regions being
4:14 sag Gambia and Angola many of these
4:16 regions especially the bite of benon and
4:18 the bite of Biafra were known as the
4:20 slave Coast due to the high volume of
4:22 slave exports it is important to note
4:24 that mosm Beek makes the list because it
4:26 is located on the Eastern side of
4:28 Africa another reason why many of the
4:30 enslaved people came from from these
4:31 regions is because they were
4:32 historically slaving centers that
4:34 exported people when the Portuguese and
4:36 the Spanish dominated the slave trade
4:38 and New World exploration the Portuguese
4:40 had placed an outpost at almina in Ghana
4:43 and Luanda near Angola sending many
4:45 people West captives from Santa Gambia
4:46 and Angola were nearly half of those
4:49 brought to North America just because
4:50 the numbers reflect where they were
4:52 point of the departure was does not mean
4:54 that this is also the origin of where
4:56 those enslaved people came from it's
4:57 likely that the origin of the enslaved
4:59 people sent from these locations was
5:01 likely for further
5:04 Inland the last learning objective is to
5:06 explain how the distribution of distinct
5:08 African ethnic groups during the era of
5:10 slavery shaped the development of
5:11 African-American communities in the United
5:16 States this varied based on the
5:18 different places of origin Central
5:19 Africans had experienced with
5:22 Catholicism as discussed in unit one due
5:23 to the kingdom of Congo's voluntary
5:25 conversion to Christianity upon contact
5:28 with the Portuguese West Africans had
5:29 experience with Islam because of the
5:32 Anar and trade with the berbers and some
5:34 regions had matrinal
5:36 Traditions these cultural aspects were
5:37 brought to the Americas with the ins
5:39 slaved people when they arrived in what
5:41 later became the United States the
5:43 interactions of different ethnic groups
5:44 produced combinations of cultural
5:47 practices new Creo languages like goola
5:49 and South Carolina and new religious
5:50 practices like hudu which involved the
5:52 veneration of ancestors and Herbal
5:55 Healing emerged the practice of the Ring
6:01 because the ancestors of early
6:02 generations of African-Americans came
6:04 from numerous West and Central African
6:06 ethnic groups the modern day
6:07 African-American population share some
6:09 of these ethnic similarities to groups
6:12 in West Africa like the woff aan Igbo
6:15 and Yuba the woff and Mand people were
6:16 known for their skills in blacksmithing
6:18 and agriculture which they brought to
6:20 the Americas nearly half of those
6:21 brought to the United States came from
6:23 societies with Muslim or Christian
6:25 influence however the freedom to
6:27 practice these religions was curtailed
6:33 the cultural and ethnic diversity among
6:34 the enslaved people brought to what
6:36 later became the United States had a
6:38 huge impact on the American South this
6:40 is reflected in the cultural practices
6:43 languages and beliefs found there gulla
6:45 as a Creo language and Louisiana creel
6:47 are examples of languages merging
6:49 African words and grammar with English
6:51 musics with complex rhythms call and
6:53 response tones and African inspired
6:55 instruments evolved into widely used
6:57 instruments like the banjo religious
6:59 practices involving conjurers or herbal
7:01 doctors were more commonly consulted for
7:03 illnesses than white doctors by enslaved
7:05 people african-based culture also
7:06 influenced the southern accent as
7:08 enslaved people often raised and cared
7:10 for enslavers children leading them to
7:12 pick up on linguistic
7:14 habits additionally enslave people who
7:16 are also domestic servants and Cooks
7:18 introduced elements of West African
7:20 cuisine which became Staples of Southern
7:22 Cuisine like fried okra Fried Chicken
7:25 collared greens and sweet potatoes or
7:27 yams finally while many enslaved
7:28 Africans held on to their traditional
7:30 beliefs that their Creo religions in the
7:32 South more of them were attracted to
7:33 Christianity after the first Great
7:36 Awakening in the early 1700s the first
7:37 Great Awakening preachers were
7:38 Protestant and spoke all across the
7:41 British North American colonies in a way
7:42 that was very similar in spirit to the
7:44 traditional belief rituals they were
7:46 also attracted to practices like the
7:47 baptism which involved full body
7:50 immersion into water the black church
7:51 continued to be an influential
7:59 century in recap nearly 12 half million
8:01 people were transported in the
8:03 transatlantic slave trade and only 5%
8:05 arrived directly in the modern-day
8:07 United States Portugal Great Britain
8:09 France Spain and the Netherlands were
8:12 the top five enslaving nations enslaved
8:13 Africans directly transported to North
8:15 America came from West and central
8:18 Africa the diversity of ethnicities and
8:19 cultures produced multiple combinations
8:22 of african-based cultural practices
8:24 finally the distribution of diverse
8:25 African ethnic groups in the American
8:30 South created diverse black communities
8:31 thank you for watching if you would like
8:32 to watch the next lecture click the
8:34 thumbnail on the screen and if you would
8:36 like more resources to help you study
8:38 you can visit APUSH lights.com
8:40 slaam I wish you the best of luck with
8:42 your studies and I hope to see you back
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