0:04 let's take a look at two famous
0:08 politicians during the American colonial
0:16 era horse mania and Kazan was many
0:19 disowned were your typical illustrative
0:22 politicians who were governors first
0:25 before they became national level
0:29 politicians as members of the Philippine
0:34 Assembly and they all they rise to power
0:37 courtesy of Elections the electoral
0:41 system that Americans introduced as a
0:46 foundation of democracy this system
0:50 confirmed existing social structure but
0:55 also gave the local elites something
0:57 which they did not have during the
1:01 Spanish period and that was political
1:05 clout so the system that the Americans
1:10 created helped provide a political
1:17 Avenue for these illustrators and when
1:20 these in Estrada's now met many for the
1:24 first time in Manila they decided that
1:29 they will create a party a political
1:33 party and this was the nationalist ax it
1:35 was a merger of several political
1:38 parties because they they all came from
1:41 different parts of the country from the
1:45 provinces and many actually just met for
1:49 the first time in Manila when they
1:53 became delegates elected delegates to
1:55 the Philippine assembly and the
1:58 Nationalists I was born on March 12
2:02 there were 80 delegates all in all of
2:05 the Philippine Assembly and majority
2:10 became Nationalist Party members and so
2:13 whoever now controls this
2:15 Jori Tea Party will wield political
2:20 power in Philippine politics and the
2:25 person party president was sorry Oh Ozma
2:30 Mia since Ariel's mania was president of
2:34 the Nationalist Party the dominant party
2:37 of the assembly it was only natural that
2:41 paz mania will also become the Speaker
2:44 of the assembly and this is Oz mania
2:55 that's awesome alien raised shoulder high
2:56 high
3:00 el hombre del dia the man of the day
3:04 this was after tough called Paz mania
3:10 the second man in the Philippines second
3:13 only to the Governor General by virtue
3:17 of Oz manias position as Speaker of the
3:22 assembly so that is how powerful was
3:26 many as position and person now has
3:34 become you might be wondering what about
3:36 this man the delegate from tayyaba's
3:40 Manuel Quezon he was also elected in
3:44 1907 to the Philippine assembly but his
3:47 rise to prominence will come
3:50 a decade after was mania and we will
3:53 discuss that during the Harrison
4:02 administration but suffice to say only
4:06 two men Serio's mania and Manuel Quezon
4:10 will dominate Philippine politics during
4:14 the whole era of American colonial rule
4:26 basically they maintain control as
4:30 effective brokers between colonial
4:33 administrators the Americans and the
4:36 Philippine illustrators the Philippine
4:41 politicians both local and national
4:47 politicians so what was their secret
4:52 first the magic word independence their
4:55 abracadabra immediate complete and
5:00 absolute independence and they wrote
5:05 about this independence sentiment in the
5:08 newspapers they made speeches in the
5:12 halls of Congress and they saw
5:15 themselves as advocates of philippine
5:20 independence first it was a matter of
5:23 personal pride for them to advocate so
5:28 and second by advocating independence it
5:30 did garner them votes because it was
5:33 also the sentiment of many Filipinos
5:36 including the elites who voted for them
5:39 so the more they talk about independence
5:46 the more they became popular and thirdly
5:51 by saying independence the Americans
5:55 could be bent to the will of Ospina and
6:01 Kazan okay let's take a look at the next
6:05 line this is what we mean by the
6:10 politics of doble kara double-faced
6:16 politics when Oz mania or Kazan shout
6:20 independence the Americans understood it
6:25 as autonomy Oz mania in caisson just
6:29 wants more say in Philippine affairs and
6:32 that's it for American administrators
6:35 that was fine with them oz mania and
6:37 Kazan will not
6:40 break the Philippines away from the
6:47 United States and before the public they
6:49 were hailed as heroes because they did
6:54 say before the Americans that they want
6:59 independence and that's how double-faced
7:08 politics works the second secret is
7:15 their institutional position their
7:19 position in the legislature as the
7:22 Speaker of the assembly 4oz Mamiya and
7:26 later on Senate President
7:32 for Kazan made them legislative casitas
7:37 they were leaders of these illustrators
7:42 leaders of leading class directors of
7:46 the directing class and they were quite
7:51 aware of that illustrators always
7:53 considered themselves as the directing
7:56 class and then when American
7:59 institutions now created a leader for
8:02 that directing class that was now Oz
8:06 mania and Kazan their position also
8:10 became personal because they were there
8:13 first and they could now hold the office
8:17 to their liking how did they mold it
8:20 they were able now to manipulate
8:22 nationalist discourse as our two-faced
8:27 politics slide explained and their
8:30 position and power also enabled them to
8:35 control patronage patronage that they
8:40 could give to people like positions in
8:46 the government and other [Music]
8:47 [Music]
8:52 papers as a person in power in a
8:55 colonial government can can give to
8:59 fellow Filipinos because they were close
9:01 to the Americans they had the ear of the
9:04 American so Filipinos will have to ask
9:08 us many or Kisan to intercede for them
9:11 okay so they controlled that
9:16 bureaucratic patronage and lastly osmeña
9:19 and Kazan were firm supporters of a
9:22 centralized government which the
9:25 Americans were working for of course
9:29 administrative leave as America you
9:32 would like a centralized decision-making
9:35 process because it does make your
9:39 administration easier administration of
9:41 a far-flung colony and AHS many ideas on
9:47 supported American actions toward
9:50 centralization of government now by
9:54 their influence over their fellow
9:56 illustrators as directors of the
9:59 directing class they work for the
10:02 centralization of government because by
10:06 doing so AHS mania and Kazan knew that
10:08 they could wield more power rather than
10:15 just a provincial politician because
10:18 centralized government means national
10:24 level politics can now influence all
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