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NVIDIA’s Jensen Huang on Securing American Leadership on AI | Center for Strategic & International Studies | YouTubeToText
YouTube Transcript: NVIDIA’s Jensen Huang on Securing American Leadership on AI
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Core Theme
Nvidia's CEO, Jensen Huang, articulates the company's role as a foundational technology platform for the AI revolution, emphasizing its layered architecture and the critical importance of energy, chips, infrastructure, models, and applications. He also discusses the global AI competition, particularly with China, and the strategic implications for U.S. industrial policy and national security.
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Well, welcome to all of you out in
cyberspace. Uh, and I have a wonderful
collection of colleagues here in
physical space and we're going to have
an interesting conversation with Jensen
Hang. Um,
I would waste your time by introducing
him. You know, everybody knows Jensen,
but um, what you may not know is that he
he started from fairly humble roots.
Your mom was a school teacher. Your dad
was a petroleum engineer. You and I
share one thing in common is that's we
both started off our first job was
running a dishwashing machine in a res
in a restaurant.
>> Denny's you
>> what was what was your restaurant?
>> It was at Mount Rushmore when all the
you but you did better than I did. He
became he became a uh bus boy and later
a waiter and then I guess led him to
Nvidia the head of Nidia. You know it's
a remarkable story. It's I think it's
the quitessential American story. Yes.
>> That uh you know we welcome people who
come with just energy and imagination
and creativity and they make an
astounding success and
>> thank you. Congratulations and thank you
thank you for joining us. We're going to
uh we're going to have a very
interesting conversation today
colleagues and u you know it's u nvidi
is not only a huge economic success but
it's a national security platform and I
think we want to talk about that today.
I've been looking at your um at your
website and you do talk about uh
Nvidia's being a platform. What does
that mean? A platform? A platform is
something that you build other things
upon. Nvidia is the largest pure play
technology company the United States has
ever seen. In fact, we're the largest
pure play technology company the world's
ever known.
We create technology out of nothing. Our
final product is pure technology and in
order to use it, you have to create
software and applications for various
industries above it. You know, if you
look at most of the technology companies
today, some of it could be in social
media, some of it could be in
e-commerce, some of it it could be in
information search and and these are all
amazing technology companies whose
business models are something else. our
business model is purely technology. Now
the way that that AI works and and uh
our technology works is that in the
final analysis the technology platform
is built in layers and that's one of the
reasons why we think of it as a
platform. You're standing on top of it.
An application or an industry stands on
top of that platform. That platform
starts with energy on the bottom. One of
the reasons why why uh this
administration uh has made such a huge
difference right away if it's is this
pro- energy growth initiative its
attitude about energy is that if we
don't have energy we can't enable this
new industry to thrive it is absolutely
true so layer one is energy layer two
are essentially the chips and systems
but the chips that's where Nvidia comes
in layer three is a whole bunch of
software and we build a whole bunch of
software on top of our chips. And we're
well known for this piece of software
called CUDA, but there's hundreds of
different pieces of software that we
create that enables people to do AI for
different fields of science or language
or images or whatever it happens to be,
robotics or manufacturing and such.
>> But that third layer is called
infrastructure. Basically software.
>> Now people historically have thought of
infrastructure really as cloud. But
increasingly it's really important to
realize that infrastructure includes
land, power, shell because these are and
I'll speak about this in a second that
this industry
spawn another industry altogether and
I'll come back to that. But the third
layer is basically infrastructure and
that infrastructure includes financial
services because it takes an enormous
amount of capital to do what we do and
historically all of that software. the
layer above that and this is where
people largely focus on when they talk
about AI which is the AI models. This is
the revolutionary of course Chad GPT uh
incredible work that anthropic does with
cloud and uh Google does with Gemini and
uh what XAI does with Grock. But the
important thing to realize those are four
four
of the one and a half million AI models
in the world. AI
AI
is not just intelligence that
understands English or language, but
it's AI that understands
genes, proteins, chemicals, the laws of
physics, AI that understands quantum. AI
that understands physical articulation,
otherwise known as robotics. AI that
understands patterns across long
sequence of time, financial services,
>> AI that understand longitudinally across
multiple modalities, healthcare. And so
AI has all of these different reaches
and domains. We talk about this one
area. We just have to be very careful to
understand that AI AC spans basically
every form of information across every
field of science across every single industry.
industry.
One and a half million AIs around the
world. On top of that are all the
applications and we never should forget
that in the final analysis these AI
models are technologies
but technologies are about enabling
application and use whether you're in
health care
you know you could be in entertainment
manufacturing self-driving cars
transportation each one of these
industries have AIs that deeply affect
them and these are the five layer stack
Nvidia is at the lower level, the
platform level. The reason why we say
that, you know, we're AI company that
works with every single AI company in
the world is because we're the platform
by which we are able to work with all of
these technology companies and all these
application companies across all these
industries. And so that is a platform
that we created. the mode that people
describe, not so much a mode, but
basically the the language by which all
of these different applications and
these different technologies speak to us
is an architecture we invented 25 years
ago called CUDA. And on top of that CUDA
libraries, a whole bunch of algorithms
that we invented over the years and that
is basically Nvidia's platform. In the
end, we don't build self-driving cars,
but we work with every single
self-driving car company in the world.
In the end, we don't discover drugs, but
we just have we work with every single
drug discovery company in the world.
We're the platform by which they build
their things. We're a platform company.
>> I I think half of I had a half a dozen
young kids come up to me today say
Nvidia gave them a better gaming
experience. I mean you're all here.
>> Before [laughter] I before we invented
the AI industry,
>> the first industry we created is the
modern gaming industry. Absolutely.
Yeah. You you don't know this. I'm very
proud of this. Nvidia is the world's
largest gaming platform.
>> Yeah. And
>> probably probably didn't know that there
>> and that's how most of the kids were
talking to me about that today. I want
to see a
>> 300 million active users. Yeah. a 100
million of them Nintendo Switch. Yeah,
Nvidia's in that.
>> Okay. So, let me ask you. You said
something um recently that was quite
provocative. You you said that China was
winning the AI
race, the AI competition. Um
um I know that you've got a powerful,
you know, competitor in Huawei and
Huawei has a lot of advantages you don't
have. Why don't you describe this
competition? Are we really losing?
>> It was a very good headline.
>> It was a great headline. Yeah.
>> And and u apparently caught up a lot of attention.
attention.
uh uh the the as you know with headlines
the disclaimer part uh the foundation
part was left out of the headline but
but the the way to think about that is
that let me just handicap it right now
if you look at AI and go back to the
first thing that we said AI is a five
layer cake let's just always simplify
it's not it's not quite this simplistic
but let's simplify AI into a five layer cake
cake
energy chips infrastructure
infrastructure
models and applications. Okay, I just
and let's hand the capital across the
from top from bottom to top at the
lowest level energy. China has twice the
amount of energy we have as a nation.
>> I want to ask about that
>> twice as much energy as we have as a
nation and there our economy is larger
than theirs. Makes no sense to me. We
also know that one of the most one of
the most important initiatives, one of
the most important policies of this
administration and it was the first
thing that President Trump said to me
when we met is listen we need to
reindustrialize America. We need to
unshore manufacturing again. We need to
make we need to help America make things
again. It's going to create jobs. that
part of the economy has been outshored
on you offshored uh and completely
gutted the United States. We need to
bring that back and he needs my help to
do so. And so so that entire sector of
the economy is missing and however
without energy how do we build chip plants,
plants,
computer system plants and these AI data
centers we call them AI factories. We're
building simultaneously three different
types of factories in the United States.
Chip factories, supercomputer factories,
and AI factories. They all require
energy. Every single one of them. And
so, on the one hand, we want to
re-industrialize the United States. How
do you do that without energy? And so
the fact that we vilified energy for so
long, President Trump sticking his neck
out and making taking it on the chin and
helping this helping the country realize
that energy is necessary for our growth
is one of the the really one of the
greatest things he's done right off the
bat. And so now at the energy level,
back to that stack, we're, you know, 50%.
50%.
And they're growing straight up. We're
kind of flat right now.
And so number one, uh, energy. Number
two, chips. We're generations ahead.
We are generations ahead on chips. And I
think everybody recognizes that. Number
three, infrastructure. If you want to
build a data center here in the United States,
States,
from breaking ground to standing up a AI
supercomputer is probably about three years.
years.
They can build a hospital in a weekend.
That's a real challenge. And so at the
infrastructure le layer, their velocity
of building things because they are
builders. Their velocity of building
things is extraordinarily high. Now,
really quickly on on chips, we're
several generations ahead. But don't be
complacent. Remember, semiconductors is
a manufacturing process. Anybody who
thinks China can't manufacture is
missing a big idea. But China discounts
energy costs for a chip company by 50%.
>> That's right.
>> They they provide free transportation
for employees to come out to the
factory. That's right.
>> I mean, you don't you can't do that. I mean,
mean,
>> our energy cost is more expensive than
theirs in the first place and then they
discount it 50%. And so, it's probably
we're probably call it four to eight
times the cost. Yeah.
>> So, tell me, how do you feel about this
this Jake? this great competition with
China. I mean, the the the the
government is putting enormous resources
underneath their champion. We don't do
that in this country, you know. Uh how
do you feel about that?
>> Well, before I get there, don't don't
let me not answer that question. I'm
dying to answer it. But let me handicap
the next two layers. The large the
language the model layer the model
layer. United States frontier models
United are our frontier models are
unquestionably worldclass. We are
probably call it six months ahead. However,
However,
out of the 1.4 million models,
most of them are open source. China is
well ahead, way ahead on open source.
Now the reason why open source is so
important is because without open source
startups can't thrive. University
researchers can't do research. You can't
teach AI. Scientists can't use AI.
Basically all of the industry around the
your economy have no ability to
fundamentally advance themselves unless
you have open source. Without Linux,
where would we be? without Kubernetes or
you know without PyTorch all of these
different types of technologies that
made AI thrive are all open source.
>> They are well ahead of us on open source.
source.
>> And then the layer above that
applications. If you were to do a poll
of of um uh their society and ours and
you ask them is AI likely to do more
good than harm? They're going to say in
their case 80% would say AI will do more
good than harm. In our case it'd be the
other way around. And so that tells you
something that's very very important
socially. Socially we need to be careful
not to describe AI in these science
fiction movie ways of describing AI and
and causing people so much concern. Um
we want to be concerned but we also want
to be practical. AI is about automation.
And that area I think that we need to be
careful not to fall behind in the
application and the diffusion of AI
because in the end whoever applies the
technology first and most wins that
industrial revolution.
As you know electricity was invented
disco invented in the UK but United
States applied it faster more broadly
and as a result look where we are. And
so we have to be a little mindful. And
so anyways, I just handicapped that
stack. Okay. And I don't think it's it's
important when you're looking at AI not
to see it as a holistic thing.
>> It's really not about chatgpt versus
deepseek. You have to look at it across
all of the stacks and across all of the
industries. Does that make sense? It's a
little bit more complicated than one
simple answer. But do you feel you have
a level playing field up against China
I f first of all uh America's
technology industry
just as
our financial financial services ind
industry our military our technology
industry we can all agree are the
mightiest in the world.
I am part of one of the mightiest
anyone in history has ever seen.
>> We have
going toe-to-toe against anyone.
The American technology industry has
nothing to fear. We are mighty. We're
fast. We're inventive. We'll take
anybody on. However,
However,
we can't concede the market to them. As
you know, at the moment, Nvidia has been
banned from going to China. Not to
mention, China has banned Nvidia going
to China. So, so we're we're this I
think we're the first company in history
that has been banned on both sides. [laughter]
Uh and so so I whoever whoever banned us
uh going to China um uh them and China
uh agree
that Nvidia should not go to Now of
course I'm being a little I'm being a
little cute here and I'll I'll be I'll
be a little bit more nuanced here in a
second but at the moment we're simply
not competing in China. Now what's going
on? We have conceded essentially the
second largest AI market, the second
largest technology market in the world.
I know
>> China will it's not somebody has said to
me well yeah okay well we're not in
China but we're grow somewhere else
you're not going to replace China
it's just as the world wanting to sell
to America and they want to export to
America if they don't export to America
you're not going to replace United
States we are singular in the world we
are absolutely singular and so in the
case of China
um we shouldn't concede the entire
entire market to them. They're
formidable, but con conceding that
entire market, uh, we ought to go
compete for it. Having said that, we
should also acknowledge that Huawei is
one of the most formidable technology
companies the world has ever seen,
they deserve, although they have a lot
of support, um, whatever support they
have, they deserve all of the respect
that everybody ought to give them. We
compete with this company. They're
formidable. They're agile. They move
incredibly fast. We said if United
States was not in China, China's AI
industry would be set back. >> Yeah.
>> Yeah.
>> Absolutely has not happened. As a
result, their semiconductor industry
has double double double. You know, the
semiconductor industry in the west
around the world is growing at 20 30%
per year. growing 20 30% per year
compounded versus doubling every year
compounded doesn't take long to catch up
>> but you know they're starting on second
base and we're just going up to the
batters box you know they've got a real
advantage and that means we need to
think about this can I ask ask you we uh
at the G20 summit uh Lee Kashang you
know the premier was there and he was offering
offering
um opportunities for countries to be
participants with China on AI. We didn't
even send a delegation. It doesn't feel
like we're in the game.
They're smart about um
technology proliferation.
>> Yeah. If we apply, if we use 5G as an
example, they realize 5G is technology
that's also a platform because on top of
5G, you build all kinds of services on
top of it. Well, if you get there first,
wherever you get first, if you get there
first, just as Nvidia, I was there 25
years first. And so I had, you know, for
a long time, nobody paid me any, never
mind. So I had lots and lots of time to
build up all these ecosystems and
applications and relationships and
ecosystems and I connected all this
stuff together in all these different
fields of industry. I had 25 years to do
it. In the case of Huawei with 5G they were
were
>> we were they were completely through
policy completely isolated people
thought in China. So they had a billion
phone users all but to themselves. It
gave them the opportunity to grow scale.
They exported the technology to all of
the countries that
>> belt and road and now there's AI belt
and road and so they'll definitely per
diffuse the Chinese technology as
quickly as possible because they
understand that the sooner you get there
the sooner you build the ecosystem on
top the sooner you become a sticky you
become sticky you become essential part
a dependent part of that ecosystem
>> tell me about the Chinese ecosystem
they're trying to create obviously it is
it's deep and it's robust and that it
has a physical as well as a
technological and economic dimension.
How do you look at that? Take a step
back again. Remember I think it's like
nine out of the 10 top science and
technology schools in the world are now
in China.
They lead in science and technology in
many different fields. This has
completely flipped in the last half to a
decade. M
>> we used to lead most of them. Now they
lead most of them. They have a large
population of highly qualified students.
>> Number one. Number two, 50% of the
world's AI researchers are Chinese.
>> Third, 70%
of last year's AI patents are published
by China.
The ecosystem of AI in China is vibrant,
rich, incredibly innovative.
>> Yeah. Yeah.
>> They work incredibly hard. This is a
country with an enormous might.
>> So that is the ecosystem of software developers.
developers. >> Yeah.
>> Yeah.
>> Now that layer as I just mentioned, the
model and the application layer. All of
these scientists, they're sitting at the
model and the application layer. And now
they're going to take that capability
because United States is no longer
participating in China. We've left
China. We're evacuated that market.
We've conceded that market. And so now
they they've got to go build their own.
So using these AI researchers, all of
this incredible computer scientists that
they have, their richness of software
capability, and they're going to go
build their own complete stack.
>> Once they build that entire complete
stack, they'll export it. >> Yeah.
>> Yeah.
>> As quickly as you could imagine. And
this is the the world. What we will find
someday if we don't activate
>> will be buyers, not sellers.
>> That's right.
>> Let me ask you now. you're in Washington
DC. I know you don't look forward to
those opportunities, but um we're um
>> it's my only opportunity to wear a suit [laughter]
[laughter]
>> and a tie. [clears throat]
Um but but let me ask because um you
know, we're um we're in we're involved
in something I've not seen before in in
my 45 years here. We we've delved into
industrial policy. I always thought
industrial policy
was something that we shouldn't be doing
in this country. Now, the Biden
administration decided that they would
define what they would allow you to sell
and uh they have this thing that they
called diffusion that they were trying
to manage. Now you get the Trump
administration. They don't have that.
but they want a golden share and they
want a percent of the cut, you know, on
how you're doing business. Tell me about
how you look at this this industrial
policy that we have in Washington.
>> I do agree that that um industrial
policy uh should should intervene
when a dramatic action needs to be taken.
taken.
Um, I also would say that President
Trump walked into a circum into a
situation where dramatic actions needed
to be taken. The first dramatic action
that needed to be taken is to reverse
the mistakes that have been made in energy
energy
growth over the course of the last decade.
decade.
We are we have we have done our country
a great disservice.
There there are no new industries you
can grow without energy. >> Yeah.
>> Yeah. >> Electricity.
>> Electricity.
>> That's right. We need electricity
because otherwise sure we could all be
in the services industry and as you know
the service industry only needs calories
but manufacturing industry needs
electricities and so uh we need energy
number one. Number two we do need to if
we want to if we want to fix our social
issues domestic social issues we have to
create prosperity not just for people
with PhDs and college degrees. We have
to create prosperity for every segment
of the economy.
>> And so the largest segment of the
economy is manufacturing. And we've
offshored that too for too long for 20
years. We got to bring that back. And we
have the ability to do so. And this AI
industrial revolution, this flash point
is precisely when we should do it
because it allows us, it it created a
company called Nvidia, made it possible
for us to have such a large ecosystem of
suppliers. We can encourage them to
partner with us. We can encourage Taiwan
to partner with us to help us
reindustrialize the United States. And
they've done so with great support.
Taiwan really needs to have some
acknowledgement for the incredible
effort that they're putting in place to
help us re-industrialize the United
States. If not for the work that they're
doing, the work that the work that
Nvidia has done in Arizona wouldn't have
made the progress it has.
>> I recently gave a congratulation speech
at TSMC in Arizona. And when I looked
out into the audience, it was twothirds
Taiwanese and one-third American.
Arizona is practically well the quality
of Taiwanese food in Arizona, let me
just put it that way. [laughter]
The quality of Taiwanese food in Arizona
has increased tremendously. Okay, you
want to get a bowl of get a bowl of beef
noodle soup, you're going to do just
fine. But but but all these young all
these young uh families from Taiwan came
to help us stand up our our factories.
>> And so we should acknowledge that. Um
and South Korea helping us stand up our
memory manufacturing. We should
acknowledge that. Uh the companies uh
Foxcon, Wis, Wistron, Amcor, Spill
helping us set up systems manufacturing.
They came from Taiwan. Really important.
And so so one if not for the fact the
second industrial policy is to reindustrialize
reindustrialize
the United States. that I think is a
fantastic fantastic initiative and I'm
all behind that. I was probably the
first CEO to jump behind that and take
advantage of Nvidia's capabilities and
this flash point of AI industrial
revolution to help bring all of that
supply chain. I committed to my
customers, my partners that we're going
to build in this administration within
within President Trump's term half a
trillion dollars of AI supercomputers.
And so that's the second part. energy
growth, re-industrializing the United States.
States.
The third part that I I think I think um
uh required a fair amount of discussion
uh to help
policymakers understand that technology
leadership American technology
leadership and American national
security goes hand in hand.
Our nation's extraordinary technology
industry is part of our national
security. The fact that we have our
technology all over the world that the
world relies on to build their
industries, their ecosystem, their
economies is an advantage for the United
States. It's a strength of the United
States. It helps keep United States safe
when everybody works with us.
>> Let let me build on that. Um you know I
think I think national security there
are two two dimensions of national security
security
>> and I differentiate small case and large
case small case national security small
N small s u I think that's you know
aircraft carriers and bombers [snorts]
and divisions and training programs
capital national security NS
is the uh dynamism of your economy
the the productivity of your industry,
the creativity of your ideas industry,
uh the sense of fairness in your
judicial system. Uh you are here, you
you benefit from that larger case, but
you're building that larger national
security industry. tell us how you think
about your role
uh on national security.
>> Uh number one, Nvidia was birthed in the
United States.
We are a proud American company.
We're inventive. We're vibrant. We're at
the center of the single most important
industrial revolution in human history.
This is an industrial revolution in
every single way as important as
electricity. We are going to impact
every single industry. Every single
company, every country will build it.
Every company will use it.
We export American technology
wherever the United States would like us
to export the American technology.
This is an extraordinary opportunity for
us to make a substantial contribution to
our national security. We also know that
national security and economic security
and economic prosperity go hand in hand.
The wealthier our nation,
the more we can fund the mightiest
military on the planet.
And I do believe that it is the case
we're because of this new industrial
revolution that we've started,
we are creating new factories in
America. We're creating new jobs in
America. And somebody recently told me
that we contributed more to economic
growth singularly than just about any
company in the world today to the
American economy. And I believe that
that's probably true. And the reason for
that is Nvidia is a multiundred billion
dollar company supporting multiundred
billion dollar companies going after
trillion trillion dollars of industry.
>> And so the economic prosperity the
technology leadership unquestionable the
technology the economic prosperity that
we can contribute to unquestionable.
Now this the question then becomes
how do we think through
the diffusion of the export of the
proliferation of American technologies
and standards.
We should of course number one
safeguard our national security the
little little N and little S to ensure
that adversaries don't have access to
sensitive technology or advanced
technology that we don't need them to
have access to >> right
>> right
>> we should number two ensure that
American companies American technology
companies through partnership with us
have the benefit of the best and first
but then after that
After number one and number two, we
should also proliferate American
technology standards, compete around the world,
world,
fuel this flywheel
of funding
>> our R&D so that we can continue to be to
be the mightiest technology industry in
the world so that we can fund the tech
the mightiest military in the world and
all of that I think goes hand in hand.
several times. Uh, you know, Chairman
Dwang, you've talked about energy as
being a pacing problem here. We, uh, you
know, when we invented LED lighting, we
just, uh, lost the demand signal and
half of our uh, of our electricity u
grid is merchant supplier and so they
don't buy ahead of need. And so we're
now really way behind. And you pointed
out that China
>> has built out twice the capacity of
electricity than has the United States.
How big a constraint do you see that as
being for our buildout for this
revolution that you're trying to create?
>> Deeply serious.
I think at this point we have to use
every form of energy we can. I believe
we can't rely on the power grid. We got
to build behind the meter. We obviously
There's no question we should try to
encourage and try to accelerate nuclear.
We need to have energy growth very, very shortly.
shortly.
In the meantime,
we're advancing our technology so
quickly. No company our scale has ever
introduced new generations every year.
And when I say we just ship a new chip
every year, people, you know, when
people because there's so many gamers in
the world and they've known me for so
long and when they think about what
Nvidia builds, they think it's a a a
module that looks like a gaming graphics
card, our GeForce graphics card, and
they plug it into their PC. Well, a GPU
for AI centers, AI AI data centers. That
GPU weighs two tons.
It has one and a half million parts.
It consumes 200,000 watts.
>> It costs $3 million.
>> Every so often, somebody says, you know,
these GPUs are being smuggled.
>> I really would love to see it. Yeah.
>> Not to mention, you have to smuggle
enough of them to fill a football field
>> full of these things so that you could
run it as an AI data center. And so anyhow,
anyhow,
each year allows us to increase the
performance at about the same power by
many times. And let me just pick a
number. Say five times or 10 times each
year. As a result, our energy efficiency
improves by five times or 10 times each year.
year.
>> But the problem is this. We're at the
beginning of this technology buildout.
I'm improving the performance by a
factor of 10 times each year, but demand
is going up by a factor of 10,000 a
million times each year. >> No.
>> No.
>> AI is getting more computensive. The
adoption is going way up. I've got all
these exponentials and so we're going to
keep chasing this. Uh we're going to be
completely dedicated to advancing the
technology as fast as we can. But the
bottom line is we need energy.
>> Yeah. And I I you know, forgive me for
interjecting myself. I do think we have
to overcome the NIMI constraints. You
know, we're going to have to find some
structure of federal preeemption so that
we can overcome the the barriers. That's
my comment. That's not your comment. I
don't want you to get in trouble for for
my saying that. Let me ask you, I mean,
last year,
>> thank you for that. [laughter]
>> Last year, um, the world installed two
million robots.
Half of them were in China, which is
really astounding when you think about
it. Tell me how robots fit in with AI.
Um, you know, let me just give you one
example of why it's around the corner.
You know, these days you could describe,
you could describe in text
and you give it to
um a video AI
and it generates a video. You guys know
this, right? It actually from words you
can generate a video. Okay. And let's
say the video is
uh Jensen reaches over, picks up a cup.
So I take a picture of this screenshot,
give it to the AI. That's the starting
starting condition. And I say, "Now
cause Jensen to reach over and pick up
the cup."
The AI creates pixel by pixel, token by
token, my arm picking up the cup. And
that everybody knows is possible today.
You guys have seen it. Well, the AI
can't tell the difference between it
manu manipulating pixels versus it's
manipulating a bunch of motors.
So, the idea that I can tell the robot
pick up the cup is clearly just around
the corner. We just have to take that AI
which currently sits in the cloud and we
have to put it into otherwise called
embody it into a physical
>> mechanical system which is called
robotics. So the AI is around the
corner. We can see early evidence that
the technology must be possible. Now
China is going to be very very good at
this for several reasons. They have
great demand. They have a natural
indigenous demand for more workers.
Manufacturing is core part of what they
do. We, by the way, because we're now
re-industrializing, reshoring
manufacturing, we now again also have
significant demand
for factory automation. And there's no
question we have a shortage of labor. We
have right we all know that our
industries would be would be larger more
profitable more vibrant if we just had
more workers
>> and so they have the same challenge they
have worker shortage coming up very
severe worker shortage coming up so they
have a a a national strategic imperative
to make sure that robotics happens
number one number two they have the AI
technology and number three this is
where they have a big advantage they're
really very good at electronics and
mechanical intersection s otherwise
known as mechatronics. This entire area
is they have the harmony of demand and
supply side capability.
>> Now many other countries
Japan has surely demand side. They have
the megatronics but Japan needs to have
much better AI technology. Germany great
demand, extraordinary meatronics.
They need to have great AI technology.
United States we have if we reshort
industrial indust re-industrialize our
nation we will have great demand. We
have great sa software technology but we
really at the moment need to improve our
mechanical electronics. I mean, you
know, using AI to find a better, you
know, vegan recipe for foyer gr, you
know, maybe something my wife will look
up, but we need to make this
>> that would be a miracle indeed.
>> It would be good, but we we need to turn
this into productive machinery and the
way in which it's going to change the
the landscape. Let me ask you, we're
because we're running out of time. Um,
you know, I was talking to a friend of
mine who's a dean of a of a major
research institute, and I asked him, I
said, "How is your faculty dealing with
uh with AI?" And he said, "Well, you
know, the engineering faculty is
excited. They really think this is
fabulous." He said the science faculty
is really curious and they think it
potentially opens up real opportunity
and the humanities faculty thinks it's
the end of the world. Um so it is a
shorthand for the anxiety that people
feel about the dark side
>> of AI. How do you how do you talk to us
about that?
Um let me start from the from the end.
There's no question that everyone's
jobs profession
will be affected by AI
because the tasks within our jobs are
going to be dramatically enhanced by AI. >> Yeah.
>> Yeah.
>> Some jobs will become obsolete.
New jobs are going to be created
>> and every job will be changed.
>> So that let me just I used two words
just now and it's really important we
think about these two words very
differently. One is task the other one
is job. Now it turns out
I think it was something like seven,
a very important AI scientist maybe the
most important AI scientist declared the
first application for AI will be radiology
radiology
because computer vision was the first
breakthrough and that in fact entire
radiology industry in within five years
will be completely transformed by AI.
die and that in a in five years time
radiologists will all lose their job and
he advises that no one should be a radiologist.
radiologist.
That was his advice and it was taken
very seriously.
Now some five, six, seven, eight years later
later
every single radiology platform has been
completely transformed by AI 100%. every
single radiology platform
the number of radiologists
has increased.
The question is why?
And the reason for that is because as it
turns out studying the scans,
studying the images is the task of a radiologist.
radiologist.
The goal or the job of a radiologist is
This is true for many many people.
People say I don't need software
engineers because apparently coding is
going to be automated. I've given AIS to
every one of my software engineers and
hardware engineers and engineers period.
>> A 100% of NVIDIA has AI assistants, AI coders,
coders,
and they're busier than ever.
And so the question is what is the task
versus what is the job? no different
than a financial analyst. The task is
mess around with spreadsheets, but the
job is to make a financial advice. The
job is to help a customer. The job is to
analyze a market, make a prediction
about market. And so there's still the
human factor is still quite significant.
>> And I would just tell everyone before
you decide that the the the that AI uh
is something that you're you're you're
worried about or scared about, go engage
it. Go use it. And even in the
humanities, the fact of the matter is as
without, you know, with AI today, my
writing has improved.
I don't think the quality is. It still
writes in my my taste and my my ways,
>> but my speed of writing has dramatically improved.
improved.
>> And so I'm more productive today. I'm
still writing the original pieces. I
still have to write the original voice.
I still have to re I still have to
create the original thought still has
but every so often as you know when we
derive uh other speeches out of other
previous speeches the concepts are very
similar but the content the delivery the
context is so different we we now can
use AI to help us regenerate the first
draft you know so so for me u for the
humanities I would just say original
thought original writing your taste made
with human hands are still always going
to be valuable.
>> I went in for an MRI recently. My wife
said, "Make sure you take a picture. I
don't think there's a brain up there,
but I'd like to see it. Prove there's
something." Um,
>> and what what did you find out?
>> We There was [laughter]
There was nothing. I mean, she was right
and I was wrong.
Uh, we're we're coming to the end and
and um
you're in Washington. You don't this
isn't always a joyful experience to come
to Washington but um share with us what
your you know you know your thoughts on
how we should think about this
remarkable uh revolution that's
appearing in your world. You're leading
it. We're going to experience it. We're
probably going to try to regulate it. We
don't know how to do that. But uh tell
us just a little bit how you think we
should be anticipating this and thinking
about our future.
>> Um there are many of course that we we
spoke about many different things that
that uh Washington has been uh
extraordinarily helpful in already
shaping the outcome for our nation. Uh
we spoke about industrial policies and
and how in fact a heavyhanded
approach was necessary and it was just
in time. Uh it is the case that
Washington DC is foreign to me and and
um I I've had the benefit of coming here
now since the first time I saw you uh
our first our first night and um it's
unnatural to me uh however however what
I I can tell you is uh we all want the
same thing. We want America to win. We
want America to be the greatest nation
in the world.
We have extraordinary capabilities.
I'm you know it's hard not to be
romantic about this country.
My my my parents had the American dream.
My father always want wanted us to grow
up in the United States. Sent us here
when I was nine. And um I and they they
had almost nothing uh uh to to start a
life here. And uh somehow through that
journey it worked out pretty good. I'm
I'm here uh with the privilege of
leading one of the most consequential
companies in the history of humanity. >> Yeah.
>> Yeah.
>> And and uh you just can't you can't
write a better story than that. >> Yeah.
>> Yeah.
>> You can't not be romantic about this
this country.
>> I'm surrounded by extraordinary
scientists. I'm surrounded by
extraordinary people. Um all of our
technology partners, the ecosystem that
we here we have here. It's it is, you
know, I don't want to be complacent, but
it's it is a miracle that there's no
question about it. And I' I have the
benefit of working with every nation in
the world. And so so I I think it's we
can say for for certain that we want the
same we want the we want the same
outcome for this nation. It is important
however uh that I I come here so that I
could at least explain what is AI. It's
five layers. I can explain what is
impact, how is it going to evolve and
how how certain policies although um on appearance
appearance
uh might achieve whatever objectives
that the long-term consequences the
unintended consequences could be quite
dire for the United States. And so so I
have the benefit of at least explaining
it from the perspective of technology
and um uh help advocate uh for for uh uh
technology leadership so that we could
secure our national security. And so I
have that benefit and and I I'm deeply
grateful uh that that uh uh the people I
get to get to meet here in Washington DC
has always had an open door. And you
know, although this is new for me and
I'm clumsy at it, uh I can also say that
I'm very grateful that that um
Washington has been very open to me.
>> I know the answer to this question, but
I still want to ask it. Are you
optimistic about the future?
>> Oh, absolutely. A thousand%. A
thousand%. Uh the best of days are ahead
of us. You know,
it is the I don't have to work.
I think I've done, you know, [laughter]
And and and and
Ambassador Rudd, uh, you know, when when
he first met me, I had I my all my hair
was black and and now, you know, if you
if you were to take an image of my
brain, it could turn out to be the same
color as yours. and and so um but but
nonetheless uh this is the one decade I
will not miss. >> Yeah.
>> Yeah.
>> I simply won't miss this decade. I don't
want to miss this next two decades. We
are going to do more for the advancement
of science. We're going to do more for
the advancement of industry. We are
going to do more for this nation in the
next two decades than potentially all of
it combined in the past. >> Yeah.
>> Yeah.
>> And so I don't want to miss that. This
is the best of times. I totally share. I
think this is going to be the most
marvelous period in humanity and we're
looking forward to Would you all say
Thank you. [applause]
Thank you very much. Thank you.
Great to have you. [music]
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