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🥇 SISTEMA CIRCULATORIO en 18 Minutos!! (Aparato Cardiovascular). ¡Fácil y Sencillo!
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hello hello how are you? Welcome to a new anatomical video on this channel
easy anatomy by Juan José Sánchez, today I bring you a brief account about the cardiovascular system,
a system also known as the circulatory type system or sometimes we call the systems
devices, so you can see them with the name of the cardiovascular system or the circulatory system,
then accompany me to learn about this wonderful structure or set of structures of the
human body, in general, what is the cardiovascular system? Well, this cardiovascular system
, which is also called the circulatory system, as I told you, is made up of two words,
cardio and vascular, which means that its components include the heart, hence the word cardio, and
the vascular component refers to the blood vessels that Now we are going to see what they are,
then the cardiovascular system can be defined as the set of organs that are
responsible for transporting blood throughout the body or that have a central organ that
would be the heart, which is the pump, is the engine and a let's say a set of pipes, so to speak,
which are the blood vessels that are responsible for distributing this blood throughout
the entire organism, then it is a cycle, it is responsible for both removing blood from the heart and
returning it. blood from the peripheral organs that have already used it to the heart to repeat the
cycle, in fact it is called the circulatory system because what blood actually does is circulate
in a round way, that's where the word circulation comes from because it really is a system
that You work all day and everything that comes out returns there again, so for what
purpose does the cardiovascular system bring blood to the entire body? Imagine, in
the blood, the components that all the cells of the body need travel, the
nutrients travel, the oxygen also travels very importantly, and apart from that, the waste products
ok, which let's say the cells no longer need or which remain as waste after Their metabolic processes
are also carried to the blood because this blood will pass through the kidneys, for
example, the kidneys will filter these wastes and eliminate them through urine, so
see the importance of this cardiovascular system, What are the general components of the
cardiovascular system? well we are talking about a central component which is the heart, right now we will talk about
more or less what the heart is, its anatomy and its functioning quickly and we will talk about the
blood vessels that its second components, now these blood vessels can be of three types,
right now We are going to elucidate the concept of each one, they can be of the artery type. Ok, arteries are
universally drawn in anatomy books as red. Ok, this is because the blood that
is in the arteries is actually a little brighter red, because it is It is assumed that it is
blood rich in oxygen, that is why they draw it red, but really when we dissect
a corpse that we see, we realize that the arteries themselves are not red,
it is simply a norm that has been universally adapted, it has been adopted. universally, just
to differentiate it from the veins, the second type of blood vessels that we are going to differentiate in
a while, I will give you the concept, are the veins, these veins have blood that is poor
in oxygen, it is really a blood that is not so oxygenated, the blood takes on a darker color,
like the one we see, for example, that they take from our forearm, that is
venous blood because they take it from a vein ok and that is why the veins draw blue, however,
it is It is very difficult to see differences between arteries and veins only with the naked eye when we are
seeing a live person and then the third group of blood vessels are capillaries.
Students always ask me what are capillaries? Are they arteries or are they veins?
Actually, as the concept says, capillaries are not arteries nor are they veins, they are simply
capillaries, it is a structure that is throughout the entire body that has a network shape,
so the capillary is the transition place where the arteries end. and they continue
like veins and through the veins the blood of the heart returns, then see it is
That's why I told you that this circulation circuit is a totally closed circuit, so these
blood capillaries, like the walls of the blood vessels here, are very thin, they are not thick,
it is where the exchange of substances from the blood to the outside can really occur. so
that the cells that are around the capillaries take it up, how to return the non-
nutritive substances already waste from those cells to the blood ok, then you see that the capillaries
can really be said to be half vein and artery for it is just a way for them to understand, but
they are really neither arteries nor veins, they are said to be capillaries, they are throughout the entire
body, the place where the blood returns, if we did not have capillaries the blood would simply go through
the arteries and could not return because there would be no communication between vein and artery,
knowing this very well, we are going to start first by talking to you about the heart and then explained
these blood vessels, the heart is a central organ that is located at the level of the thorax, in
the middle part of the thorax in a cavity or space that we see in blue called the
middle mediastinum, ok, what I put in green around it would be the other two cavities of the thorax because
you know that in the thorax there are three large cavities, the pleural cavities, which are the ones that are in
green, which is where the lungs are and the central space that remains between both lungs is the
mediastinum, in a space, then, the mediastinum in turn has some subdivisions that if you want to
go deeper, I invite you to look for my video of mediastinum, but I want you to know
right now that the heart is specifically in the middle mediastinum, we are going to see that the heart
is always surrounded by a white membrane, as we see it here, which is called the pericardium,
I would have to cut the pericardium, see, you see In order to access the heart, let's see
that I am going to explain it to you, what are the general layers of the heart? On YouTube I
have videos of the heart, in fact in 5 videos of the deep anatomy of the heart and in general,
there are three layers of the heart, the most important is the middle layer, which is the thickest layer,
which is the muscular layer. Remember that the function of the heart is to contract because it is a muscle,
so precisely the muscular layer is going to be the most important, we call it myocardium, it is
the middle layer, it turns out that the heart inside, let's say when it is looking towards the cavity ,
it is covered by a membrane, here I put them more or less in yellow, see here it would be
this, it is the membrane that is in contact with the blood so to speak, this membrane is called
the endocardium, it is the innermost membrane, remember What endo means inside ok, then
we would have the endocardium, the myocardium, which is the muscular part and on the outside of the myocardium
we would have a blue, a very small membrane that is to protect the myocardium on the outside,
that is called the epicardium, these are So the only three layers of the heart, endocardium,
myocardium and epicardium ok, the pericardium as they are called now is a layer that is on the outside,
outside the epicardium included, which is not part of the heart, it simply protects it from the outside, but
not It is part of its layers, it is a protective layer and between the pericardium, which would be a layer that is
here surrounding it externally, and the heart itself there is a space that is the pericardial cavity,
where there is a liquid called pericardial fluid, a liquid that serves as cushioning. so that
when the heart contracts it hits us so hard with the walls of the organs that are
around us, well now we are going to talk about the large cavities of the heart quickly we touch
its valves but first do not go away from the video [Music] it is important that you subscribe to the
channel, below where you see that it says subscribe to the click and you are subscribed to the more than 320
anatomical videos that there are in it, we had been talking about the great anatomy of the heart,
the heart is considered to be a four-chambered organ, in fact they call it
tretracameral in shape, why is this? because it will have two upper cavities ok so to speak
called atria, nowadays the atria are no longer called that, it is the name with which
Most people know it, but the name that is being used now is the name atrium, ok then
we would have a left atrium and an atrium on the right side ok, what are the atria for?
In general, the atria are the chambers that are responsible for receiving blood from the veins.
You see that the right atrium receives blood from the great veins, which are the
superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava, while the left atrium receives blood from four
pulmonary veins which are two left pulmonary veins and these two pulmonary veins empty
at the level of the left atrium, I know that perhaps you are asking why the pulmonary veins
are red and not blue, right now I will explain why they are red but I want you to know that veins always
reach the atria ok, there is no discussion, the other two chambers are the
most inferior chambers, we call them ventricles, we have a ventricle on the right side ok and
we would have a ventricle on the left side, the ventricles communicate with the atria What
is the function of the ventricles? remove blood from the heart through arteries,
see that the right ventricle removes it through the pulmonary artery, which goes to the lung,
do not ask me again why the pulmonary artery is blue, it is the only artery that is
blue, Now I will explain to you why, while the one on the left side, which is
the left ventricle, carries its blood to the aorta artery and that is very important,
the atria receive blood from the veins, the ventricles draw blood from the arteries,
now there are valves that They are responsible for separating or communicating according to the part of the
cardiac cycle where you are, to the cavities of the heart, we are going to have four valves,
they are not going to forget because since they are four chambers they are four valves, we divide these valves
into two groups, we talk about the valves that separate atria from ventricles, as they are
separating atria from ventricles they are called atrioventricular ok and we have two valves
that are responsible for separating the ventricle from the arteries that are called arterial valves
or semilunar valves, so the Atrioventricular valves are two, we see that on the
left side what separates me or communicates, as I say, there are certain parts of the cardiac cycle
where the valve is closed and is separating, but there are times that they open like here and we are going to
see that There it is rather communicating, so the one on the left side is called the mitral
or bicuspid valve, this is what is responsible for separating the left atrium from the left ventricle,
on the right side we would have the tricuspid or tricuspid atrioventricular valve, this
is responsible for separating , look at the right atrium of the right ventricle, see that it is quite different
then the mitral which is on the left side and the tricuspid which is on the right side,
now the other two groups of valves as I told you are the semi-lunar ones, these are responsible
for separating specifically to the ventricles of their corresponding artery, they will not be
forgotten because these semi-lunar valves have the same names as the arteries they communicate,
see for example, the right ventricle, as it communicates with the pulmonary artery, is called the pulmonary valve,
the pulmonary semilunar valve. , while the left ventricle, as it continues with the
aorta, we call the aortic semilunar valve, ok then these would be the four large valves
of the heart, the pulmonary and the aortic, part of the semilunar valves and the tricuspid and bicuspid valves on the
part of the atrioventricular and now we have largely finished the anatomy of the heart,
I am going to explain to you what the arteries are, what the veins are, and then I will explain how
the system works in general quickly, so you can see how easy it is, the arteries are
membranous conduits very elastic, we are going to see that this differentiates it quite a bit from the veins,
which are responsible for removing blood from the heart to the rest of the body. Do you remember that there
was a pulmonary artery that carried blood from the right ventricle to the lungs, that is why It is
called that and an artery aorta that carries blood to the left ventricle from the rest of the body,
then you see that the arteries have to have the condition that they have to leave the ventricle,
That is why the one on the right side, even though it is blue, we call it the pulmonary artery,
because it is coming out of the right ventricle and also because when we see it under the microscope
we see that it has a lot of elastic tissue just like an artery, you will say why they
draw it blue? Remember that it is just a drawing, it is not that it is blue, the drawing in
blue is to explain to you that that particular artery carries deoxygenated blood ok,
then the pulmonary artery is the only artery in the body that carries blood poor in oxygen,
because? because the rest of the arteries, which are the majority, carry oxygenated blood which is why they
have their red color and another particular thing that the arteries have is that since they are
connected to the ventricular cavities, every time the ventricle contracts they make a pulse
in the artery, which are what we feel as a pulse, when we try to see
the patient's pulse in the periphery, with respect to the veins or remember that they draw them in blue but it is not
that they are already blue, they are membranous ducts, they are less elastic than the arteries and are responsible for
returning blood from the rest of the body to the heart ok, or from the capillaries of the heart as you want to
call it, remember that the veins are the vascular structures that reach the atria ok, so
that is why The right atrium receives the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava and they saw that the
left atrium received the pulmonary veins because it was their job because they were bringing
oxygenated blood, so that there is oxygen in the lung but as they are reaching an atrium it is
called veins. ok, so the only veins that carry oxygenated blood are the pulmonary veins,
which reach the left atrium, the rest of the veins in general carry deoxygenated blood,
they are the only two exceptions, the pulmonary artery and the pulmonary vein, how does
the heart with this we finish, notice that here you are going to understand everything, you are going to realize that this
is what is most worthwhile in fact of the class, of the movements to the heart there are two,
contraction movements called systole and a movement where it It relaxes called diastole, so
how does the heart work and why does it have so many chambers and valves? I explain to you,
we are going to start the cycle, we can start it anywhere but I always like to start it
from the right atrium, notice that the right atrium and the right ventricle are drawn in
blue, that means that the blood from the right heart This is what it is called in general,
it is blood poor in oxygen, it is venous blood, so you see that the
right atrium receives blood only from the vena cava, because remember that the veins always
reach the atria, superior vena cava, vena cava. inferior cava, they reach the right atrium, from the
right atrium they pass to the right ventricle they pass specifically through a valve called
the tricuspid valve, the tricuspid atrioventricular valve, once the blood is in the
right ventricle remember that the function of the ventricle in general or the ventricles is to remove
blood through the arteries, then the blood vessel that leaves the right ventricle
is called the pulmonary artery, the valve that separates the pulmonary artery from the right ventricle
is called the pulmonary semilunar valve, because remember that the Half moons have the name
of the artery, so this pulmonary artery reaches the heart with blood poor in oxygen,
remember that the veins bring that deoxygenated blood, it is not yet oxygenated,
so why is it called an artery? because it is coming out of a ventricle and because it is elastic and
because it will have a pulse because the ventricle contracts only this artery is an
exception, because the blood carried by the pulmonary artery is deoxygenated, once the lungs
oxygenate it, they return it Now the left cavities, let them see that the left cavity is
red because they already handle pure oxygenated blood, so how does it return to the lungs and the heart?
short, as they are next to each other, it returns through the pulmonary veins,
as they are veins, the veins will always reach the atria, do not forget specifically
this pulmonary vein reaches the left atrium, as it is a blood that is rich oxygen
that draws it in red, so that the only vein in the body that carries oxygenated blood is
the pulmonary vein, of the rest they saw that all the veins carry deoxygenated blood, well
once the pulmonary vein, very rich in oxygen, emptied into the left atrium , the
left atrium has no more communications but only with the left ventricle and carries it towards the
left ventricle through a valve that is the mitral atrioventricular valve,
also called bicuspid atrioventricular valve, once the left ventricle receives that blood,
it contracted , takes it to the aorta through the aortic semilunar valve because remember that
the semilunar valves have the names of the arteries that they communicate and through the
aorta that blood goes to the entire body, the entire body receives arterial blood rich in oxygen. ,
the body uses it, here there should be capillaries, since they are everywhere in the body,
there are hundreds of thousands of capillaries and then that blood that no longer has oxygen because
the organs used it is returned through the venous system, it reaches the vena cava,
it reaches the right atrium again, the cycle is repeated, it is a circulation that the blood makes
and that is why the system receives this name, so I hope you understood it, don't forget to subscribe
to the channel, like the video if you like I liked it and you can also find me on Instagram at @juan_sánchez1315
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