The transcriptome represents the complete collection of RNA molecules within a cell at a specific moment, offering a dynamic snapshot of gene expression that varies significantly between cell types and over time, unlike the static genome.
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so what is transcripton transcripton in
a sense is this term defines I mean this
term refers to all the RNA contents of a
cell I mean every single bit of RNA
content that is present in a cell is
termed as the
transcripton whatever RNA is present
TRNA mRNA rrna breakdown content of RNA
small degraded RNA nonfunctional part of
the RNA neutrons and all these things
those all things combined together
termed as the transcriptor of a cell you
can Define this transcriptome as a
transcriptome of a cell but that is not
completely correct because this
transcripton varies with time that is
the most interesting Factor about
transcriptome so when you are defining
transcriptome you should know it means
all the RNA content of a cell at a given
point of time
that is the exact answer for what is
transcripton now why transcriptome is
important so transcriptor means that
complete RNA content complete
complete
RNA content at a given time so it it
includes everything it includes coding
RNA like mRNA
mRNA rrna
rrna
TRNA including the non-coding part which
is introns there the non-coding parts the
the
degraded rnas and so on so all the
content of rnas are there now the most
interesting part about this
transcriptome is that it varies it is
not stagnant like genome because genome
is also uh the complete set of genome
but but the idea is slightly changed
over the time but still genome is fixed
the number of genes that are present in
our body it is fixed that we get from
our mother and father that is fixed so
everything is fixed in the genome you
should not have more than that 23 pairs
of chromosome in our body so everything
is fixed and in each cell it is fixed
same but transcripton varies from cell
to cell transcripton varies from time to
time so it is dynamic so this is
dynamic now have you ever imagined that
we have different types of cell we have
muscle cell we have bone cell we have
liver cell we have nerve cell let's say
these are the four different types of
cells completely different functions of
those cells now all those cells have
same gene content same genome content in
each cell every cell but still why one
cell help us to develop the cognitive
behavior why the other cell help us to
lift a weight but the other cell help us
to digest the food why and how they do
those things differently why they varies
if the genome is constant throughout the
cells in each and every cell of our body
The genome is the same so why those thing
thing
varies the answer for that is it it is
not about how many genes are there it's
not about what genes are there it's
about how the combination of genes are
expressed in those cells it's all about
gene expression and when you mean Gene
to be expressed we mean production of mRNA
mRNA
and whenever we talk about RNA all the
RNA content of the cell we are talking
about the transcriptome of that cell so
what is the idea why this thing happens
why liver cell is different than our
nerve cell why the bone cell is
different than our muscle cell the
answer lies in the varying transcription
of those genes in the varying expression
of those Gene in those cells that is the
answer so in this case of transcriptome
if you study transcriptome correctly
then we can find this transcriptome for
a liver cell is different than the
transcript of a muscle cell then it is
different for the transcript of our bone
cell so all those cells they have
different transcriptome at different
time point so two things are very very
important to use transcriptome as one
thing we can use it to study to compare
this complete transcript at a given time between
between
compare between
species and organisms not actually
species we can we can actually compare
it between organism if I check it at
your body and check it in my body it it
may vary in slightly so these things
happen there because transcriptome is
under control of various level it
depends on the environmental factors and
many other factors so it is much more
Dynamic much more changeable so we can
compare the transcriptome of different
organisms to see how they actually
function and which cell functions what
and how what percentage is going on
let's say if we measure the transcript
of a normal cell and of a cancer cell
we'll find some remarkable difference
and we can take that difference as a
standard to measure the molecular
condition of a cell to be malignant or
normal so we can do these things using
transcript analysis and to understand
the transcript analysis we have
different techniques developed over the
year and among those one of the great
technique is micro DNA microarray which
helps us to understand the expression
pattern of the genome and that's what we
can study so this is one way to study
compare it between organisms and also
the another interesting thing about it
let's say we have a completely different
uh organism unknown organism or unknown
cell we don't know we have a transcript
somebody don't know what kind of cell it
is what kind of function that cell have
what we can do again we can compare we
can do the transcriptor analysis for
that unknown cell and we need to check
uh that with the normal one with the
other references to find out the exact
function let's say we know the
transcripton pattern for uh the nerve
cell for 50 different organisms and then
we we take that unknown cell transcrip
to we analyze that and we need to
uh compare it with the reference the 50
reference that we have and we can find a
remarkable similarity with one or two of
those references so you can find that
yes it is more similar with uh with the
nerve cell transcripton than the bone
cell so we can tell that the
functionality of that cell is kind of
using the nerve uh cell functionality so
we can tell those things by comparing
this transcriptome with different
organisms and and also in different uh
with for the for the detection of
unknown tissue that we are dealing with
or or the function of the tissue that we
dealing with now another thing that this
transcriptome also varies with time that
I've told it also varies with time so
during the development of an organism if
you find this transcriptome if you
analyze the transcript you will see this
transcripton pattern changes a lot and
during the development it changes hugely
so you'll see the rise and fall of
different contents of RNA inside so
those things is also present there so we
can also understand the development
pattern the molecular pattern of
development using transcript analysis so
transcript analysis give us a whole new
dimension a whole new idea to study the
molecular patterns the molecular
understanding of biology so now we have
separate part of transcript analysis in
biological field and that is called as
transcriptomics which is combined with B
informatics as well as proteomics right
so these are the complete Ultra Modern
section of biological science so that's
it guys if you like the video hit the
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