Te lo pensarás dos veces antes de comerte un plátano | PlayGround | YouTubeToText
YouTube Transcript: Te lo pensarás dos veces antes de comerte un plátano
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Youve probably eaten a
banana today it is the most exported and
consumed fruit in the world but the
bananas popularity hides a dark past a
history of exploitation that changed
central america forever originating in
papua new guinea
banana cultivation spread through india
and the islamic world until reaching the
african coasts in the 15th century
portuguese traders began to
establish plantations in their colonies
in the americas bananas became popular
as a staple food for
slaves due to their high calorie content and
especially their low
production cost but exporting was not
profitable because the fruit could not survive the
with advances in transportation it began to be
exported to the west and
business opportunities multiplied
multiplied
at the end of the 19th century the
american companies tropical trading en
transport company and boston fruit company
provided with refrigerated ships
competed for control of the
banana trade in 1899 the two companies
merged and the united fruit
company was born which was dedicated to improving the
infrastructure of central america for the
banana production [Music]
[Music]
they established radios trains and
plantations in Guatemala Honduras Costa
Rica Nicaragua Panama and the
Colombian department of La Magdalena. They came to
control 1.5 million hectares of land.
land.
Their workers nicknamed them the octopus
because nothing and no one escaped their control. [Music]
[Music]
to eliminate all the obstacles that
impeded their expansion, the banana company
managed to politically dominate the
small Central American countries.
thus the banana republic was born and its
greatest exponent was Honduras.
the system of banana republics
worked like this: the United Fruit Company
placed leaders in power, they
gave them land concessions and
hired them to build
state railway networks that
were actually used to transport bananas.
bananas.
the government lowered taxes on
exports and silenced
workers' protests in return,
the United States offered the support of the United States
to achieve this. the company convinced the
US Congress that the
workers' unions were
communist and that the
triumph of communism in Central America had to be avoided,
above all with this excuse. financed and
supported coups d'état in honduras in
1912 and in guatemala in 1954 and
and
meanwhile in the us the
consumption of bananas became popular thanks to
massive marketing campaigns [Music]
[Music]
advertisements magazines cookbooks and
even school supplies promoting
the benefits of bananas
united's marketing strategy
focused on increasing
brand loyalty and with the name chiquita banana they
began to put individual labels on
each fruit [Music]
[Music]
but the real cost in the countries where it was
in 1928 a strike in the ciénaga
colombia turned into a massacre in which
hundreds of workers died
at the hands of the army that defended the
interests of the multinational fruit company
with violence [Music]
[Music]
the dead were loaded onto trains and
thrown into the sea
gabriel garcia marquez described it in
100 years of solitude
josé arcadio segundo crawled from one
car to another in the direction in which
the train was moving and the lightning that
burst through Between the
wooden slats as I passed through the sleeping villages
I saw the dead men, the dead
women, the dead children who were about to be
thrown into the sea like the rejected bananas.
In 1954,
Guatemalan President Jacobo Arbenz's proposal to buy
uncultivated land from United Fruit
and distribute it among farmers
led to a coup d'état orchestrated
by United and supported by the US government,
all to avoid losing its monopoly on
Military dictatorships controlled
In 1958, the United Fruit Company was
forced to sell part of its shares
to comply with US anti-
monopoly laws, but its influence over
Central American politics has
Chiquita insists that its plantations
are sustainable. This would be easy to
believe if we ignore the history that precedes it.
precedes it. [Music]
The fruit company Incorporation
reserved the juiciest part for itself: the central coast
of my land, the sweet waist of America. [Music]
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