This content explores the hypothetical survival and evolution of Deinonychus, a dromeosaurid dinosaur, if placed in the Pleistocene Epoch (Ice Age) of North America, assessing its capabilities against Ice Age megafauna and competitors.
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[Music]
ladies and gentle sores welcome to
assessing survival the series where we
take creatures from both our world and
fiction placing them in different
periods throughout history as well as
some Fantastical settings from outside
reality in today's episode we will be
taking Raptors more accurately dromeosaur
dromeosaur
and placing them in the Ice Age the PTO
scene Epoch over 2 million years ago
we'll explore how some of the most
advanced predators of the Mesozoic shape
up against some of the most fearsome and
impressive animals that the new dynasty
of mammals has to offer I'll be using
four different categories to assess
their ability to survive these scores
will then be added up for a final
assessment Score 1 to three being that
they are unlikely to or simply cannot
survive four to six being they can
survive but with great to moderate
difficulty and more than seven being
they will survive with little to no
difficulty those categories are
environment suitability strengths and
weaknesses prey items and competition in
the latter half of the video we will
speculate on how our Raptors May evolve
to better fit their new environment
before we get into those categories
though I'd like to take just a minute to
explain some things the title of this
video is a little vague and other than
it being the title most likely to be
clicked on and shown to people browsing
on YouTube I left it this way so that I
could speak on which dromeosaur I'd like
to use and it came down to three choices
for me bosar Raptor danicus and Utah
raptor these three Raptors cover the
vast range of sizes seen in geosaurus
throughout the Cretaceous My First
Choice was of course Utah raptor the
largest of the family these guys would
clearly do much better than the others
given their size they were larger than
the vast majority of their wouldbe Mamon
competition they could reach Heights of
2 m or 6 and half ft lengths of up to 6
M or 20 ft and weigh well over 1,000 lb
or around 500 kg they're also more used
to the dry and open environments that
dominate the place of scene we already
know these guys would do pretty well at
least in terms of their matchups against
mammals of the era so for the sake of
making things interesting I decided to
not go with Utah raptor then I looked at
velocar Raptor definitely the most
famous of the dromeosaur but also one of
the smallest Velociraptor was at most
half a meter tall just over 6 ft or
under 2 m long and weighed no more than
20 kg or 45 lb they also lived in
Cretaceous Mongolia an area that would
be extraordinarily hot and arid compared
to the PTO scene so for those reasons I
decided not to go with Velociraptor
either and finally I came to danicus who
lies between the other two in terms of
size the highest emphasis on highest of
estimates for dinus put them at a height
of 3 ft or under 1 m a length of 3.4 M
or or 11 ft long and almost 90 kg or 200
lb this puts them at a very similar size
to many of the predators in the place of
scene such as wolves and some big cats
also out of all the dinosaurs in the
dromeosaur family danicus has the most
compelling evidence for pack hunting
Behavior which is something I'm going to
explain further in the video so don't go
smacking that keyboard just yet I
decided to go with danicus because I
think it'll give us the most interesting
survival assessment as well as the most
interesting spec Evo later on again we
will be using their most robust
estimates for their size and weight all
three of these Raptors lived in
ecosystems that were much much hotter
than the pine which brings me to my next
point the title also says we'll be
placing them in the Ice Age and while
the pene is in fact the Ice Age people
often think of this ice age as the
entire Earth being covered in snow and
ice for millions of years this is simply
not true on average during the last
glacial maximum ice sheets and glaciated
areas extended up to approximately 2,000
M or 3200 km from polar regions towards
the equator equatorial regions though
cooler than today did not experience the
harsh conditions of the Ice Age I will
not be placing them directly on these
ice sheets but we're still going to be
putting them pretty far north where they
will still experience harsh Winters but
see some solace in the changing of
Seasons I'll be placing them in North
America and gee big surprise madley is
putting an animal in North America
again Dirty Bastard you've done it again
I know I know but this time I have a
better reason for it I thought about
placing them broadly in the northern
hemisphere but something happened
between North America and Siberia around
20,000 years ago and if you don't
already know what that is don't worry
again I'll explain more later on so yes
the title is a little vague but hey you
you the place to scene Epoch was
characterized by repeated glacial and
interglacial Cycles during the peak of
glacial periods also known as the
glacial Maxima average temperatures in
the northern hemisphere were
significantly colder than today it's
estimated that global temperatures were
about 5 to 10° C 9 to 18° F cooler than
present day averages this is a sharp
contrast to the Cretaceous Period
estimates for global temperatures then
were around 6 to 14° C 11 to 25° F
warmer than today donus lived in North
America between 145 to 99 million years
ago and at that time the en enironment
which it lived in was very similar to
modern day Louisiana these areas were
marked with flood Plains and river
valleys and very dense forest which is
very different from the northern
hemisphere in the pine which was largely
made up of open Mammoth step and boreal
forest I'll put it bluntly if we put
danicus into the glacial maximums of the
Ice Age they're not going to last even a
year such a drastic change in
temperature and environment would be too
much to handle so to give them a
fighting chance we're going to be
placing them at the beginning of an
interglacial period so they can have the
time to adapt to the Colder Weather and
more open environment before The Long
Winter comes stocks RS right eventually
winter is coming however even if we do
this it will still be much colder than
the Cretaceous they only saving grace is
their size and their feathers large
warm-blooded animals tend to do better
in colder regions as their Mass helps
them retain body heat and frigid
temperatures and given our larger
estimates of up to 90 kg or 200 lb gicus
are quite heavy for their Dimensions
well this with feathers that cover most
of their body they may be better
equipped than we think but still the
DraStic environment change doesn't give
me much confidence taking their score
down quite a bit environment suitability
10 this is where donus can make up for
some loss points in the last category
theasaurus are some of the most
well-armed predators in the fossil
record with just about every part of
their body being capable of inflicting
damage ganicus is estimated to have a
bite force that is either on par or
greater than that of a spotted hyena
which is supported by the presence of
pretty well-defined teeth marks from
danicus left on the bones of their prey
animals there are of course their iconic
large sickle-shaped claws on both feet
seen in all dromeosaur it is not
believed that most dromeosaur use their
sickle claw primarily for slashing pre
items simulations of this Behavior using
scans of their CLE claws did not yield
results that would suggest it was used
for this purpose rather they are
believed to have been used in tandem
with their claws and for liims for
pinning prey items much like modern
Birds of Prey they may also have been
used for climbing or holding on to the
side of very large prey items like
tenontosaurus something that they could
definitely replicate in their new
environment further suggesting this is
their feathers which are believed to
have been very long on their forelimbs
these feathers would help stabilize them
in intense combat situations their long
flexible Tails also covered in Long
feathers would act as a Rudder during
Pursuits speaking of pursuit these
Raptors may not have been as fast as the
movies would lead you to believe the
length and build of their leg bones
suggests that danicus was not so fast
believed to be slower than modern-day
ostriches more reasonable estimates for
the speed of donus place them around 40
km/ hour or 25 mph though though they
wouldn't be as fast as say wolves or
lions they could certainly run for
longer than them this is because
dinosaurs utilize unidirectional
breathing when Birds dinos
and crocodilians breathe in the air is
pulled into air sacks and then into
their lungs when they breathe out which
means that their lungs are constantly
receiving fresh oxygen rich air unlike
mammals who breathe directly in and out
of their lungs this gives therapod
dinosaurs like dinus incredible stamina
likely allowing them to maintain their
top speed for much longer than many
mammals can contrary to what films like
Jurassic Park had led people to believe
hack hunting dromeosaur is not a widely
agreed upon Theory amongst palean to
ologist but the intelligent groups of
raptors seen in media are inspired by
multiple findings of donus skeletons
around skeletons of tenontosaurus and
Iguanodon and ornithopod that would be
far too large for a single danicus to
take down other evidence that supports
this behavior is the discovery of
footprints from these Raptors that
indicate a group moving together this
suggests that danicus may have indeed
traveled with one another rather than
converging only to gang up on prey like
kodo dragons though we don't know for
sure and it may be discovered otherwise
in the future this video we will be
going with the assumption that danicus
lived in hunted and packs but not go so
far as to say they were as sophisticated
as wolves or lions I'm sure I'll see
plenty of you yapping about that in the
comments so I made sure to provide all
my sources in the description below
there's a common misconception that
because these dromeosaur had hollow
bones they would have been incredibly
light and brittle this is simply not
true most dinosaurs including large Sor
pods and even T-Rex had hollow bones
this works with their robust circulatory
and respiratory systems to deliver
oxygen throughout their bodies flying
birds today have delicate hollow bones
because they need to be light in order
to achieve flight danicus as far as we
know did not fly danicus and other
dromeosaur had binocular vision much
like birds of prey and their distant
cousin the Tyrannosaurus Rex this of
course suggests that they had incredible
Vision that allowed them to be skilled
Hunters though though they may suffer
from a deficit in speed and the
environment will be very unfamiliar
amiliar and cold for them they make up
for a good amount of it with their
incredible Arsenal group behavior and
robust build bringing their score up for
this category quite a bit strengths and
10 plac North America has a pretty
diverse list of animals that are
potential pre items for danicus the
easiest and most likely common prey for
donus would be smaller animals rodents
birds peckies and small ulet really
anything their size or smaller are prime
targets it's believed danicus prayed on
zephyrosaurus a small dog-sized the the
thesaur more frequently than
tenontosaurus small mammals such as
rabbits and peckies fall within a
manageable Speed and Agility range
fornicus however deer and especially
Caribou would be much faster but the
Raptor's Advanced respiratory system
would likely allow them to run these
animals down over great distances which
brings us to more mids herbivores
animals that are going to be closer in
size to tonasa Moose bison elk camelops
horses and glyptodon moose and Elk as
well as wild horses will be the easiest
among these but not a cakewalk moose and
Elk male or female can be incredibly
aggressive even without warning kicks
from these animals could seriously
injure a danicus just as it would a
feline or other predator of the same
size even these larger ulet are much
faster than danicus and will have to be
hunted with Ambush and coordinated
tactics or ran down over great distances
something that may be harder with horses
which are known to run at full speed for
up to 3 miles the same goes for bison
and camelops who were even larger and
more robust than their modern relatives
if the Raptors can avoid direct attacks
from these animals they may be able to
take them down much quicker than wolves
or hyenas danicus could latch the side
or back of these animals using their
sickle Claws and strong hands and
inflict serious wounds with both
scratches and Bone crushing bites then
there's the glyptodon the mammal
Kingdom's attempt at the ankylosaur
build even the most fearsome predators
of the Ice Age likely had a lot of
trouble trying to take down one of these
guys if danicus is going to take them
down it will have to be by targeting
between their armored plates or by
exhausting them enough to make doing so
easier glyptodon had a pretty robust
tail lined with thick bony spikes and
its cousin the dodicis another glyptodon
even had a segisaurus likee spike tail
that would surely be a familiar threat
to the Raptors and finally we have the
MEAP that the ice age is known for
mammoths macadons and the giant ground
sloth danicus doesn't have a great match
up against any of these large animals
but neither do many of the carnivores of
the time even the strongest of predators
couldn't do anything to healthy adults
of these animals rather they would take
advantage of poorly guarded young and
sick individuals let's talk about the
ground sloth first specifically aium the
largest giant ground sloth present in
North America slightly larger than the
closely related ated megatherium in size
reaching an overall length of 6 M or 20
ft and a height of 2 m 6.6 ft while on
all fours and possibly up to 4 M or 13
ft when it reared up on its hind legs
weighing anywhere between 4,000 to 6500
kg 8700 to 14,000 lb they of course had
the ability to rear up on their hind
legs and swipe at their opponents this
would have made them incredibly
intimidating making danicus unlikely to
attack them the ARA I's machete sized
claws would make quick work of a Raptor
a large group of donus may be able to
take on a very sick adult but it is
probably most often young individuals
that danicus will be praying on now of
course let's move on to mammoths and
mastadons much like with the giant
ground sloth healthy adults are out of
the question females will be traveling
in herds and males will be too large to
even consider it is again rather sick
and young individuals that will be
targeted their tusks are very curved and
swoop down quite low better suited to be
swung around like clubs rather than
stabbing like Spears depending on which
species Mammoth tusks can be anywhere
between 3 and 4.5 M long a swing from
these tusks from even a sick Mammoth
could shatter the bones of any predator
dinosaur or mammal feline predators of
the time like the American lion and
homotherium among others also didn't
have great match up against adult
mammoths or macadons but I believe that
danicus may be just a little bit better
at Clinging On to the side of large pre
items sickle claw strong hands and St
stabilizing feathers of danicus might
make them better at it than their feline
contemporaries but they may not be able
to do as much damage to them due to
their lighter build again it would only
be sick or young individuals that they
would realistically have any chance
against healthy adults would be too much
for them to handle in fact if you'd like
to know a little bit more about mammoths
you can check out the video on the woly
mammoth on my channel link is in the
description below or you can head over
to the prime eval post playlist ganicus
gets a pretty good score in this
category because their Weaponry size and
hunting strategies make them a pretty
powerful force in this new ecosystem
they make up for their slower speed with
their unidirectional respiratory system
which presumably would allow them to run
at top speed for much longer than
mammals but they'd have a rough time
with larger prey items like mammoths and ground
ground
[Music]
10 donus will be faced with a lot of
different competition throughout the
place of scene that all present
different challenges these Predators
include the short-faced bear pomum
milodon Fatalis the American lion as
well as wolves direwolves and Cave
hyenas let's start with the short-face
bear arotas simus was the second largest
Mamon land predator in history only
beaten by its South American cousin
Arium arctus is believed to have weighed
1,19 kg or 2246 lb and could stand tall
as 11 ft or almost 3 and 1/2 M on their
hind legs this bear was a force to be
reckoned with with on the mammoth step
danicus would make use of any carcasses
the Bears leave behind and vice versa
the giant bear could likely use its
imposing size and power to scare off
packs of danicus from their own kills in
terms of territorial disputes it would
be mixed both of these animals would
have a mix of open plane and Forest
within their borders and would defend it
pretty fiercely don't get me wrong I
think a short-face bear could probably
take on a whole pack of danicus but at
what cost this is something that the
bear already dealed with when it comes
to big cats or direwolves the short-face
bear just doesn't have the numbers like
many of the other predators in the place
to scene just like wolves and grizzly
bears I think there would be a lot more
avoidance than direct conflict speaking
of wolves let's now talk about wolves
and direwolves while we now know that
direwolves or anos dius aren't really
wolves in terms of philogyny they were
very similar with th wolves being larger
by a small margin for the sake of
Simplicity I'll just be referring to
both of them as wolves and ranking them
together I believe wolves will be the
most common and intense competition for
our Raptors they'll hunt the same Proms
and fight over carcasses and territory
fossil evidence of donus existing in
groups indicates to us that they
probably didn't live in very large
groups maybe three to five individuals
give or take wolves however regularly
form packs of 8 to 12 individuals but
packs of 20 to 30 have occurred the
Wolves may not be as robust as the
dromeosaur but they certainly have the
advantage of numbers groups of donus may
try to take advantage of smaller wolf
packs following them as they hunt
animals they're better equipped to chase
down like elk and Caribou swooping in
and using their size and numbers to
bully the pack from the corpse and the
same would go for larger packs of wolves
against smaller packs of danicus it's a
similar situation with the cave hyena
very similar to today's spotted hyena in
both size and behavior in fact I believe
they're the same species the cave hyena
also roamed the mammoth step as both an
active Hunter and scavenger so I won't
speak too much on that but it's very
similar to The Wolf matchup and then
there are of course the big cats the
American lion homotherium and the ever
so famous Smilodon most of these big
cats had a very similar lifestyle living
in Prides much like African lions do
today they likely all had their own
lifestyle and preferred prey but their
territory definitely had a lot of
overlap gicus will have to find a way to
wedge itself into this situation
panthera atrox or the American lion was
the largest big cat that ever roamed the
Americas they're believed to be about
25% larger than their cousin the African
Lion panthera Leo they measured
approximately 1.6 to 2.5 M or 5 5.3 to
8.2 ft with adult males weight estimates
ranging from 230 to 360 kg or 500 to 800
lb the largest of specimens reaching
almost 1,000 lb even with our most
robust size for dyus they have no
business taking on the American Lions
one-on-one or in a group fight they're
far too large madon Fatalis though
smaller than that southern cousin
Smilodon populator was still a very
large Predator estimates for their size
give them a body length of 1.6 to 2.2 M
5.2 to 7.2 ft and a weight of 160 to 280
kg or 350 to 620 lbs researchers are
still torn on whether or not Smilodon
lived in groups with some believing they
lived much like lions and others
believing they were a more solitary
Ambush Hunter like a tiger if the former
is true it's the same situation as with
the American lion but if the latter is
true dinus could manage to bully alone
Smilodon away from its kill or territory
in a one-on-one fight between these two
Smilodon definitely wins finally there's
homotherium these guys had a more
slender build with longer limbs that
suggested they were Better Built for
Pursuit on open ples and other cats they
lived farther north than the other big
cats reaching up to Alaska and crossing
over to Eurasia estimates for their size
give them a body length of 1.1 to 1.4 M
3.6 to 4.6 ft and a weight of 150 to 250
kg 330 to 550 lb despite being the
lightest of the three big cats we've
mentioned the same applies here
aetherium Prides would be no less a
threat than the other cats denicas might
f a bit better in a one-on-one fight
with these guys but not by much I think
any of these felines take down a donus
and in a group situation I think the
donus simply flee because though they
may have good weapons at their disposal
the pure mass and power behind the big
cats is just too much for them to handle
so though they have a good match up
against wolves hyenas and some of the
smaller felines the short-faced bear the
American Lion and the saber-tooth cats
would remain as the apex predators and a
threat to the Raptors now before I give
this category a score I'm going to talk
about the elephant or the hairless ape
in the room humans Homo sapiens didn't
cross the bearing straight into North
America until close to the very end of
the place of scene between 15 and 20,000
years ago this is why I plac them in
North America specifically rather than
Eurasia or just the Northern Hemisphere
broadly even early humans are
overpowered and I don't think donus will
have any better of a matchup against
them than they do with big cats lucky
for the Raptors they have a little over
2 million years to establish themselves
in the environment so we'll touch on
humans in the final segment of this
video competition score 4 out of
10 which brings us to our survival assessment
assessment
score 5.5 out of
10 danicus though it may be well
equipped to carve itself a decent niche
in the trophic systems of the pene just
isn't suited for the climate even in an
interglacial period they would be very
chilly in North America and will either
have to move further south or eat a lot
more food to compensate for the sharp
drop in temperature and though danicus
isn't unfamiliar with large Predators
they are not familiar with so many
predators that live in groups like lions
hyenas and wolves if Raptors did live in
packs they would have been the only
predators that did so in their
environment competition from mammals
would be incredibly Steep and intense
they'll need to adapt quickly and
effectively in order to survive [Music]
coldblooded Killers pikus notos the cold
Southern claw and cryon nikus arctus the
northern cold claw in my opinion the
most logical and reasonable progression
of donus evolution in place to see North
America is to maintain their current
body plan and maximize a handful of
traits that would allow them to survive
and compete more effectively cryon nikus
are descendants of these adapted donus
that move moved further south towards
the warmer regions at the end of the
interglacial period here they became
more successful in a mix of both open
and forested environments they compete
with animals like lions wolves and
saber-tooth cats they became much larger
the cryon Nikas are on average about 4 M
or just over 13t long and weigh about
140 kg or 300 lb making them a fair bit
bigger than their ancestors they also
have become much faster topping out at
28 mph or almost 45 kmph they can
maintain these speeds for up to 5 miles
straight which allows them to run down
endurance-based animals like
horses surprise [ __ ] also to
better compete with other Predators
pricus has a more sophisticated social
structure consisting of a leading mating
pair and their offspring sometimes
joined by their siblings or parents
these groups are called casts the cast
of prion nikus can be anywhere between
four and 10 individuals depending on
what time of year it is how many
offspring they have and what resources
are available to them pledgeling cryon
nikus will stay with their cast until
they reach maturity where males will go
off to find females and form their own
cast and females will stay with their
own until a male comes to them males
will Court young females by displaying a
spread of bright red feathers underneath
their wings even if the young female
approves is actually up to her parent to
also approve of the young male and allow
her to leave the preferred prey items
are horses though they do also hunt deer
camelops tapier and occasionally young
or sick megatherium or madon pikus also
has a northern subspecies pikus arctos
or a bit larger on average have darker
skin and snow white feathers they split
off from the southern cryonic at the
beginning of the next interglacial
period traveling back North and
remaining there they are more or less
the same in terms of Lifestyle but hunt
animals like Caribou bison and young or
sick woly mammoths when humans crossed
over the bearing straight they began to
hunt many of the animals that cryon
nikus relied on as the ice sheets were
seeded and many of these animals went
extinct pikus became less and less
common by the time European settlers
arrived in North America these strange
pack hunting birds were only known to
them by stories natives would tell some
tribes say to this day they live in
remote mountains and Forest and many
people living on the Alaskan Frontier
and Northern Canadian territories claim
to see large dinosaur-like creatures
stalking the landscape in far off
flurries ta kondaur the fendulus Numa or
the Striking toe of the
Plains mactus is a descendant of tanicus
that has evolved a much larger sickle
claw and much more robust and Powerful
legs which they use in tandem to kick
and slash open the throats and vitals of
pre itams they have grown to be
considerably larger than their ancestors
reaching about 3 m or 10 ft tall 16 ft
or nearly 5 m long and weighing a
substantial 820 lb or 370 kg they behave
quite differently from their cousin the
cryon nikus being solitary for most of
their lives only coming together to
fight for mating rights and then
subsequently to raise their young it
will hack anything from Lions to
mammoths to other falus if they feel
like they are a threat to their
territory I'm sure you can see the
similarity between them and Terror Birds
falus is not only much larger than they
were but also have not forgone their
claws for stubby little wings like them
and their kick is much more deadly and
powerful than that of a terror bird the
sickle claw of a fenda alus is 13 in or
33 cm long and is capable of slicing
open the throat of even large animals
like moose or step bison who will use
their wide wings and tail feathers to
balance themselves while they strike for
forward with one leg their heads are
proportionately a bit smaller due to
them not really using it as their
primary weapon though their bite force
is still on par with hyenas like their
ancestors once humans crossed over the
bearing straight and ventured down into
the modern United States it wasn't long
before these towering Raptors were
hunted to Extinction the falus and their
eggs were targeted by humans as they
like many other animals had almost no
defenses against thrown projectiles they
went extinct long before European
settlers would arrive with many other
Ice Age animals
Winter Wonderland the Neo Raptor Leni
whose name means the snow rptor or the
leming hog for short Neo Raptors are
quite small descendants of danicus that
inhabit the very far north of North
America reaching even into the North
Pole they grow no larger than most house
cats coming in at an average length of
32 in long or 80 cm from head to tail
and weighing 10 lb or 4.5 kg
unfortunately this decision to become
smaller leaves them vulnerable to many
predators like wolves Bears owls and so
on Neo Raptor most common pre items are
Lemmings in a similar fashion to foxes
Neo Raptors walk along the surface of
the snow feeling for vibrations to hone
on the location of the lemming they then
pounce on them killing them with a
single bite while lemings are their
preferred prey they also hunt squirrels
weasels birds wild hairs and
occasionally larger animals like foxes
and beavers they can sometimes
accomplish hunting these bigger animals
because they live in families NE Raptors
whoose one m for life it will raise up
to five young into adulthood per year
much like Lemmings they will build and
tunnel through deep snow for this they
have very short stubby legs with wide
feet that act like snowshoes they use
their claws like shovels to push snow
out of the way and even smack the top of
their tunnels with their heads to pack
the snow and improve structural
stability these tunnels typically have
three rooms one small room that acts as
a storage for meat or any cool rocks or
branches the Neo Raptor decides to keep
another room for the Neo Raptor's nests
this room is later used as a nursery for
the hatchlings while they grow and then
there's the main Den where the mating
pair of Neo Raptors will cuddle and
sleep together [Music]
[Music]
in when humans crossed the bearing
straight they took note of the Neo
Raptor's remarkable hunting skills and
began to befriend them by offering bits
of cooked meat which the Raptors would
store in their dens slowly Neo Raptors
build their dens closer and closer to
human settlements until eventually they
pretty much become domesticated hunting
small game for humans in return for
treats and shelter thousands of years
later when European settlers arrived
they too found the Neo Raptors useful
and it wasn't long before a bustling pet
trade of Nea Raptors emerged to this day
they still inhabit areas like northern
Alaska Canada Greenland and are even
becoming a problem in
Siberia thank you guys once again for
tuning in of course if you have any
ideas for another episode leave them in
the comments and don't forget to like
the video and subscribe if you haven't
already as always big shout out to our
patrons some of which include Lex gun
Galactic narwhal green turret Tyler
Sparks the Juan Kaiser Mr Matt and scadu
master as well as a big shout out to
fluffy Dino who chose danicus in the
place to scene as his onetime video of
choice as a tier four Patron another big
shout out to vamat and Chunky Kong for
making some of the art for this video
anyway see you next time dorks [Music]
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