0:03 so what should you be able to do
0:05 so with valence bond theory you should
0:07 be able to use your lewis structures
0:09 determine the hybridization
0:11 predict a shape and it should match what
0:12 you already know
0:15 in vesper theory so here's an example of
0:17 a molecule and there's a whole bunch of
0:19 different centers that we can think about
0:19 about
0:21 in here so we already know that the
0:23 hydrogen atoms are just going to be your s
0:24 s
0:26 orbitals so they're not going to undergo
0:28 any kind of hybridization because
0:30 there's nothing else available for
0:33 but your carbon atoms we can start to
0:35 count up the electron domains
0:38 on here so for this carbon we know that
0:39 we have
0:43 one two three four um electron domains
0:47 so we should be able to have s p
0:51 3 hybridization uh for this carbon atom
0:51 in here
0:54 and so we should also predict those bond
0:57 angles are somewhere around 109.5 degrees
0:58 degrees
1:01 in there and then this carbon atom we
1:03 know that we have one
1:07 two three um electron domains
1:10 so we should be able to get sp2
1:13 hybridized orbitals and predict this is
1:17 going to be 120 degrees
1:20 for those bond angles
1:23 for both of these oxygens or for this oxygen
1:24 oxygen
1:27 up here we can think about this it has
1:31 one two three electron domains
1:33 so this oxygen is also going to be hybridized
1:34 hybridized
1:42 hybridization and this oxygen over here
1:43 is going to have one
1:46 two three four domains
1:50 so this should be sp3 hybridized
1:53 on here so this actually predicts all the
1:54 the
1:55 shapes all the different kinds of
1:57 bonding that is happening
1:59 uh in there and it is matching our
2:02 vesper theory quite a bit
2:04 so we can also go to one of these kind
2:06 of molecules where we have
2:08 uh you know uh expanded octet so this one
2:09 one
2:12 over here we look at this over here
2:16 this sulfur atom is going to have
2:23 so we should expect that this is going
2:24 to have
2:28 uh sp3d hybridization
2:32 uh with that and with this sp3d
2:36 hybridization the lone pair goes on this
2:39 trigonal planar section of this so we
2:40 end up getting some sort of
2:45 seesaw shape for the sp3d
2:47 and we can predict the bond angles we're
2:49 going to know that this is about
2:52 120 degrees this one over here
2:56 is about 190 degrees since it's on the
2:57 axial positions
3:01 of that uh shape but we also know that the
3:01 the
3:04 the electron pair is going to push this
3:05 so it's going to be slightly
3:08 less than 90 degrees and slightly less than
3:09 than
3:11 120 because it's going to go ahead and
3:12 push it
3:15 in just a bit and this one over here we uh
3:16 uh
3:19 same thing we have five electron domains
3:22 so there's sp3d we're going to take five different
3:23 different
3:27 atomic orbitals and hybridize them
3:31 so we should get some sort of t-shaped
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