Pharmacology is the scientific study of drugs and their effects on living organisms, encompassing various branches that contribute to drug discovery, development, safe use, and therapeutic application in healthcare.
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good day everyone today we will delve
into the fascinating world of
pharmacology and explore its various branches
so pharmacology derived from the Greek words
words
that means drug and logos that means study
study
pharmacology is the scientific
discipline concerned with the study of
drugs and their effect on living organism
organism
pharmacology plays a crucial role in
healthcare by contributing to the
discovery development and safe use of drugs
drugs
in healthcare system let's explore the
so we have two main branches as I told
you in my previous lecture
one is pharmacodynamics and the second
one is pharmacokinetics
then we have pharmacotherapeutics
chemotherapy Pharmacy
pharmacognosy
pharmacoepidemiology
so first of all we will start with the pharmacodynamics
pharmacodynamics pharmacodynamics
pharmacodynamics
refers to the branch of pharmacology
that studies the relationship between a
drug and its Target site in the body
as well as the subsequent biochemical
and physiological effect produced by the
by that particular interaction
pharmacodynamics investigates the
mechanism of action of the drug
the dose response relationship the
potency of the drug and the efficacy of
the drug
and it also involves the study of
variability in the drug response among
different individuals
the field of pharmacodynamics plays a
critical role in optimizing the drug
therapy and developing new drugs with
enhanced efficacy and safety profile
after pharmacodynamics we have pharmaco kinetics
kinetics
as the word suggests kinetics that it is
about the movement of the drug
so pharmacokinetics refers to the branch
of pharmacology that focuses on the
study of how drugs are absorbed distributed
distributed
biotransformed or metabolized and eliminated
eliminated
inside the body or by the body
by studying the pharmacokinetic
researchers and Healthcare professionals
can determine optimal drug dosage
they can determine the optical optimal
drug dosage regimes assess the drug drug
interaction and evaluate the impact of
factors such as
age body weight and disease condition of
pharmacokinetics we have pharmacotherapeutics
pharmacotherapeutics
as the name suggests this branch of
pharmacology is basically involved with
the treatment of disease
so pharmacotherapeutics can be defined
as the branch of pharmacology that
focuses on the application of the drugs
and the treatment of the diseases in
clinical practice
it involves the selection
individualization and monitoring of drug
therapy to achieve specific therapeutic
goals in patient
or you can say that it is the
application of pharmacological
information together with the knowledge
of the disease for the prevention and
the fourth branch of pharmacology is chemotherapy
chemotherapy
refers to the treatment of diseases by
chemicals chemicals that kills the cell
specifically those of microorganism and
neoplastic cells
so the drugs which we use for the
treatment of
cancer which are called as anti-cancer drugs
drugs
and the drugs which are useful for the
treatment of diseases caused by bacteria
viruses fungi
or many other microorganisms
the study of all these drugs comes Under
The Heading of chemotherapy
and all these drugs are known as
then we have the most important branch
of pharmacology that is called as Pharmacy
Pharmacy
and it is a science of
Science of compounding and dispensing
drugs preparing suitable dosages for
it encompasses the knowledge and skills
required for the safe and effective use
of drugs to optimize patient Health outcomes
the sixth branch of pharmacology is toxicology
toxicology
and as its name suggests it is about the
adverse effect of the drugs or the Toxic
effect of the drugs
so toxicology is a branch of
pharmacology which includes the study of
adverse effect of the drug on the body
this branch deals with these symptoms mechanisms
mechanisms
treatment and detection of poisoning
caused by different chemical substances
it focuses on understanding the
mechanism of the toxicity
assessing the risk associated with the
exposure to the toxic substances and
developing strategies for their
then
on Sixth number seventh number we have
pharmacov genetics
this is very important branch of pharmacology
pharmacology
and it it basically pharmacogenetics is
a branch of pharmacology as well as
genetics that focuses on the study of
how an individual's genetic makeup
influences their response to the drug
it examines how genetic variation can
affect the drug metabolism efficacy of
the drug and occurrence of adverse
effect in a patient because of his or
her genetic makeup
then we have pharmacognosi
and it is a branch of pharmacology which
deals with the study of medicines
derived from the natural sources those
natural sources can be plant or animal
it involves the identification isolation
characterization and evaluation of these
natural products to understand their
chemical composition biological
activities and potential application in medicine
then the next branch of pharmacology is
pharmacoeconomics and as its name
suggests that it it is basically it
deals with the economy economics of the drugs
drugs
pharmacoeconomics is a branch of Health
economics that
evaluates the economic impact and value
of pharmaceutical products treatment and
Healthcare intervention
it involves the application of economic
principles and methods to assess the
costs and outcomes associated with use
this branch deals with the effect of
drug on a large population
the effects may be good or harmful of a
drug and we see the those effect on a
larger population
so it involves the application of
epidemiological methods to investigate
the patterns determinants and
consequences of medication used with the
goal of informing Healthcare decision
then we have comparative pharmacology
and as its name suggests
We compare two drugs in this Branch so
it is a branch of pharmacology dealing
with the comparison of one drug to
another belonging to the same or to
another group
so it involves the investigation
similarities and the differences in drug
responses pharmacokinetics
pharmacodynamics and drug interactions
then we have pathology
and this is the branch of pharmacology
that deals with the study and
application of principles related to the
dosage or dosing of the drugs this is
very important branch of pharmacology
it involves the study an application of
principle and guidelines for prescribing
calculating and administering the
correct dose of a drug to achieve the
desired therapeutic effect while
so that was all about pharmacology and
its various branches
in conclusion pharmacology encompasses
several branches that collectively
contribute to the understanding and safe
use of drugs the branches discussed in
this lecture all these branches they
play integral role in drug Discovery
development and patient care as
pharmacology continues to advance
it promises to shape the future of
medicine and improve the healthier
outcomes for individual worldwide
thank you all for your attention and I
hope this overview has provided you with
a valuable insights into the diverse
branches of pharmacology
stay tuned
And subscribe to my channel like the
video and in next lecture we will
discuss about the pharmacokinetics and
different processes of pharmacokinetics
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