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AC CIRCUIT|BEE|Lecture 07|R-L-C series circuit AND ANALYSIS|Pradeep Giri Sir

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This content explains the behavior of electrical circuits containing resistance (R), inductance (L), and capacitance (C) when connected in series, focusing on the concepts of voltage, current, impedance, and power.

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Hello friends, welcome back to Pradeep Giri Academy

and in its Half of D video,

we have covered the Half of D portion. If you have

not seen it, then please first

check out that video and go to this video

because in this video

I am going to directly explain to you about RLRC and RLC in

D combination.

Now what is the difference if these are in series and parallel,

friends, the

current in series remains completely constant.

In parallel, the current increases in the branches

and the voltage remains constant. In series, the

voltage is not constant. Right,

we had seen all this in DC DC circuits, that is,

where direct current is flowing.

If all these things have a

legal application in a circuit or not,

we are going to see that here today. It is a

simple thing, friends, first of all let us

revise what all we have read.

What all did we read in this circuit? We

read about resistance, we

read about inductance, we

read about capacitance. What is resistance?

Which happens due to resistance,

what is inductance,

inductive forces and what is capacitance

which happens due to capacitor,

inductance has coil so

due to coil emf is generated, that is equal to the

applied voltage and

what is capacitance, capacitance is nothing

but what gets stored there, friends

all the charges get stored,

right, we saw all these things

in our previous lecture, what are we going to see today,

we will know how when all these

things resistance inductance and capacitance

come together, what

effect does the combination have, we have to consider this today, the

second thing which we have to keep in mind while reducing is

that in this addition of current and

given as 44, so much current is going

and if 20 volts are applied then you find out

what will be the total voltage, it remains in series, so

what do you do, first the current is reduced, then the

resistance Across which separate

voltages come out, right, we should have

applied such a concept here

in this circuit, can we apply that concept,

no, in such a second, something is added, that

phase difference, phase difference, it is

very important to consider phase differences, phase differences are nothing, but

our phase angle which is represented,

what is the standard formula,

V equals to be n sine omega t plus minus five,

this plus five is in

capacitance, minus five is

in inductance, because

what happens in inductance, our current is lag,

sorry, when it is in the form of I,

then what is the phase angle, friends, five,

and here after the phase angle, we have to find out

what is the nature of the circuit, the impedance of the

circuit in a circuit, that is,

how much total impedance is there, and then we have to

consider how much power is being consumed,

consumed,

before starting a circuit, I made a definition

video, in which I

explained all the definitions, where I

told that there are three types of power,

active Power, reactive power and apparent

power, active power is the power which gets consumed,

right, and how do

we consume power, power consumption

is nothing but the product of voltage in current, from this

we come to know how much power has been

consumed and this is called power, what is

called reactive power, the

power which is not consumed and keeps circulating,

means it will not be visible to you, it is being consumed,

it will keep circulating in the entire circuit

and by adding these two powers, the power which is being

consumed and is not being consumed and is

circulating in the entire circuit, by

squaring both those powers we get

our apparent power, apparent power is my total power,

this is the complete concept,

but the more easily I explain, the easier it is, the easier it is to add

on, there are no

each and every thing by writing it down, now

how to practice by writing, I will

explain this in the entire video,

my heartfelt request is that you also adopt the

same method, you will never have any

doubt in this, it is a very easy thing It will be done in a sorted

manner, so let's first

consider the first circuit, which we have to

consider in a circuit, in combination,

this is our

series circuit,

meaning where your resistance and

inductance will both be arranged in series,

okay friends, here can you

see from this diagram that R is the

resistance, LB is the resistance,

here B is the voltage, full and I

current is flowing in it, there is total voltage

also, but the voltage here will be, here a

different voltage is applied because these two

are different components of the circuit, right friends, let's

quickly consider what all things we have to remember in such a circuit so that we

never get any confusion,

friends, here the first thing you have to apply is a

how will we get the total voltage, friends, we have to

multiply the impedance by the total current, right

impedance, that is, the total impedance, because

here there is resistance as well as inductance,

so the combination of these two, which

will be the impedance, is given by so now

What will be the voltage applied across the resistance? It

is equal to I * R. Okay, the current

passing through this register multiplied by its

resistance, the voltage applied across the inductance will be

R stands for inductive currents, what happens for

reactance and capacidence,

friends, that x C right, so

we have written it here and one thing we

know here is that the voltage here will

lead the

current by

π/2 90°. What happens, the voltage reads the

current by π/2, when does this happen

in the circuit, friends, okay, now let's make its phase diagram,

diagram,

so we have mentioned the values, let's make the diagram,

voltage across the resistance increases with the current, the

voltage across the resistance remains equal to the current,

so this CR becomes nine, but

what is CL here, this CL, it is

doing, it is leading like this, pi / 2 means

if I is here, then from here Your CL will come at an angle of π/2, so

triangle law, so here

from O to the head of V, I will get my total

voltage, friends, I hope you

understand this phase diagram, we

took reference to I, we drew CR D, we made

CR in phase because we

know this thing that the current goes in

phase with the resistance and the voltage, and the current

current

goes more than π/2 with the inductive circuit,

because it leads, you can also say it like this

or I legs CL by

π/2, when does this happen, friends, when there is inductance in your circuit, the

vector addition of the voltage will be

okay, with this we have understood this thing, the

triangle for this impedance, now what is this impedance, impedance is nothing

but total

resistance, how many impedances are there in my circuit,

a triangle will be formed of it,

complete, so it will be like this one

below There is x in front, so

my s will go here because here v

is equal to s, cl is equal to xl, var is equal to r, so

friends, ir is equal to r, so

here is the first thing, so you have got it, the

second thing, how will you get the result, friends,

now if I have to find the angle, how much is this angle

500 being formed here, then

how will it be found, friends, 5 is equal to the

opposite, or you can find the value of this file in another

way, the inverse of

x / r, and how is x found,

friends, we are from omega l, we have studied all these things,

so you just have to remember here

that when l is a series circuit, then

you have to find s here, the formula of s

is ask for excel square, you have to find the

angle, given by the

inverse of excel upon r, so this is the thing,

now if I write this in complex form, then

how will it be found, s by equal to

r +

jxl, right, and here And one more thing we have to keep in

mind that while writing the polar form, the

thing will come from B but here the

easy to solve, the simplest

thing you have to check is whether it is a series circuit,

if it is an RLC series circuit, what conclusion do I get, this is always

R inductive circuit, inductive circuit, meaning

you should immediately click on both these

points, if it is an inductive circuit, then

both these points are fixed, C will read either

remember this or remember this, okay,

nine, next thing you have to remember is this fuzzer

diagram, fuzzer diagram, we have

represented here, how we

made the diagram, first of all we

took I as our origin, I was our

base reference, it was coming out from O, let

C have considered C, R and V, what have we

made, its impedance triangle, this is

called impedance triangle,

if you divide the entire voltage by the current,

R will go

and this It will be so

we have considered this thing and generated this message.

Now whatever is left from the last,

date is this power, you quickly take a screenshot of it.

Then I will explain the concept of power also by running it. There is a

socket when your friends, there is a complete

when will you see the change in both, friends, see, the reply is simple, see

for both inductive and capacitor also.

If I consider my voltage as reference, the

current is either going up

or going down, okay, here my

current is going up or going down, now

I divide the current into two parts, its

components, one became the

vertical component, one became the

horizontal component, okay,

divided it into two components. Now

here, with whichever component the angle is being made,

date is your cost component

Okay, all these things will be mentioned in

it. The power representation that we are doing will be done

can either go up or it can go down.

We have to write the power accordingly. Okay,

Okay,

Uncle, we will solve numerically, you will understand

how to solve the power.

Whatever is mentioned here,

we have also noted down the important thing. One last stage

that is left is our power factor. Now, whether the

power factor is leading or lagging is

decided on the basis of this. Right now

our voltage is above I and is

going above I angle from I. Okay, this means that our

current is lagging.

What does the current do in an inductive circuit?

For this, my power factor is

written as cos 5

cospi. How will it become friends? Resistance

upon S

important for us. Instead of getting

confused about all the things, it is better to

focus on one proper particular thing.

Friends, both resistance and capacitor are

series. In this, current flows through both of them

and there is a total voltage here so again by

moving the key applying

oh oh

how do we get the total voltage the total current is

not in impedance there is also a capacitor along with it so

we have to consider its reactive capacitive reactance also

okay so here how much will CR be

I * x is given by one upon

omega to right and here one thing happens that

this is our current that leaks voltage

current what is it friends leads

like here our

current by voltage here current

leads voltage this much

ending from there I start my VC

and this is my total voltage

voltage

okay this is done now from this we will

make our diagram voltage triangle

our final step voltage be given voltage

voltage of resistance plus voltage of

capacitance = 5 how will it be calculated and the

inverse of here VC is on the

opposite side Divided by var, let's say

how will we get our s,

simple s equals to under root

square plus x and here this is done, if we

write it in complex form, then here I will have to take

minus, friends what minus will I have to take, can

anyone tell me why, because

voltage, it will lag, currents, right,

current will lead, current will be ahead, see

voltage is behind, but what is current, it is ahead,

you can see in D phase diagram, also

current is above, voltage is below, total current, so

here because it is series, total

current is considered in series, so here we have

considered it in minus, how will its polar form be, it will be

in unit 0

because impedance is also a barrier,

this boy value minus angle will be negative,

because here our

current, date will be what will be current,

friends, it will lead and voltage will be like,

okay, so we have noted this thing down here, you

can also calculate it with inverse x/r, you will

not face any problem, you will get the answer right,

now what is left, friends, these three are done, this is

our last thing That is power

calculated by using cos 5k,

leading,

what will be the leading here in RC,

so the more concept that is left for us is that

how to get this power, friends we

also make a triangle for it,

how will this triangle be made in a simple way, friends

look at your triangle here, if we

take the current here, if I take the voltage as reference,

I have taken the voltage as reference, okay

now here the voltage and current keep increasing,

when it is for IR, okay then

current is leading, so I have made it upwards, the

current is going into the capacitance

and here my total current will go, so

this is for resistance, this is for

capacitance, I have written it here, but there

is a subscript below which you will know what is

standing for what, so

how actually it happens here, friends

when this five is formed, this cos π A will go, this

sin π A will go This is the total voltage and her this will be I

and this is given by P

= V is cos 5p what is friends our

active power if I here will be CR sin 52

= K and equal to CR simple

how will we see our active power

which is the power consumed date is given by P

date is CI how five

date is given by K date is CI sin 5

what will be the units friends active power is

kilo watt reactive power is kilo volt

ampere reactance it is pronounced as kilo volt ampere reactance and

and

what will be the units of apparent power friends what we see the

power which we are supplying date is

represented by CI kilo watt

watt

okay so this is RD three units that you have to remember

here these are all important

you should click immediately after seeing the circuit is

leading or lagging leading is

leading case type friends

who leads current leads in which

capacitance in inductance And voltage

shows its opposite, so to remember all these things,

make a table, just

like I have written this in the table, you can

also write the leading and the minimum inductance so

that you can remember both side by side

and it becomes easy to learn in this method,

friends, so this is all

about RL and RC series circuit, so

moving to

RLC socket, okay friends,

here you can see the RLC circuit, here the

resistance, inductance and capacitance

all three are connected together in series, here the

total voltage is root minimum square

voltage and our current flowing in the

circuit is also given in the

diagram, okay friends, so here

we will have to consider two cases, so let's

solve this with that,

but what about the difference between L and C,

if sometimes the value of x is more than

one, then how will the circuit behave,

sometimes if the value of x is less than one, then

how will the socket behave,

we have to calculate all these things today Yes, and in this

we have to derive it so that the

numerical solution becomes easy.

Okay, so let's do it side by side. First of all, we will

solve it case wise. So,

by oh law, voltage

in inductance. Our voltage. After writing this,

we will go to our case van. What in this case van, which will be

quickly discuss. First of all, let's draw the

first of all, I took the reference of current.

This will be my var. My var will go

current, it leads and

in inductance, our voltage leads. So,

I have drawn it here. Now, where will I make the total voltage? If you make it here, make it

here. This will be a

problem. What do you do? Let's

shift the VC a little here.

Pick this up and place it on the head of this much friend. Now,

Now,

after placing it on the head, I can see that this much part comes back down. So, my

total voltage will be from our origin till

here. What did I do?

Shift the VC up. I have done it, okay, so that

I can get that value, how much will the total

voltage be, so here this will be how much, this will be complete,

C will be minus B

total voltage, how will the total voltage be given, friends,

V - VC,

and what is CR below, right, if I

draw a voltage triangle from the phase diagram, then

and after the voltage triangle, if I

draw an impedance triangle, then how will it come, I have done it, the

voltage triangle is also made, now

what do we have to show, friends, it is a simple thing,

our voltage value will come

like this, five way, the value of S, which will be given as

under root of R plus square, right, it will come like this, it is

here, so I will consider my circuit by taking it to

power factor, because this inductance comes,

friends, what is R / S in opposite adjacent, okay,

what will be the polar form of my S, sorry

First let's write the range

r+j*x -

what will be the polar form of s*5

how did it work out friends check one more time

that we have first made the Fajar diagram

how the Fajar diagram was made first of all

we showed the current here after showing the current

we noticed one thing here my

CL is going upwards and VC is going downwards

so we had to adjust it and we did

this diagram on whose rule we did it on the vector

law this is such a rule of vector

that we can shift it, its line

is b by

if my x value is high then it

means my lagging circuit is

in terms of power factor you have noted down all these things I

hope you have understood

how to calculate x you have to always

remember in Excel this is always calculated by

omega l x c how to calculate

by omega c

in all the upcoming numericals they are going to be used

one by one so we have to

solve it by considering

all the things mentioned here

This is given on loss. If we calculate this, then

we have to remember all these things, how will its phase

diagram come out, using the reference icon.

This is how it is solved. Mostly, using the

reference icon, because this whole thing will not

look good. Then while doing that,

how did I get C R minus B C here?

Because the well was this much and also

straight down, so I took E and took it upwards

and as E became minus C, then how much is left,

C L minus B C. And from this we

also made an impedance triangle.

How to make an impedance triangle is by dividing I. So this is the

first case where x is

greater than. Now we consider

our second case. Okay, let's take a new slide.

LK, resistance, inductance and capacitance.

A series circuit of resistance, inductance and capacitance is ready. Now, what have you to

mention here, friends, it is a simple

What does Ohm's law say? Voltage is

directly Proportional you de resistance,

what should we consider here, our case

number you case number, what happens, friends,

this time my x is bigger

than x, so my voltage ATC will also become bigger, should I

depends on what will be its opposite and

adjacent, let's draw a paper diagram, first of all

I will take reference of current,

this is my

voltage and resistance CR, okay, now

here my capacitance has increased, so I will

also draw the capacitance downwards

V C and here also this will be my inductance, now

I know one thing, what I have to do, I have to do shifting.

shifting.

I took this voltage and brought it here, it

reduced so much, right, why did I

shift it so that I could get the total voltage, do

not consider the total voltage completely, we

give more importance to the RMS value of the entire circuit, in this entire circuit, so

here my C is done, okay, and

how much will this be friends, your B C minus

B L,

okay, so this is your part, this is your phase diagram,

also came down, by the way, see here,

shifting has happened, because our voltage here lags,

our voltage in the capacitive socket,

friends, that is always lagging, okay, so due to which

my circuit will have a capacitive nature,

what kind of nature will it be, friends, capacitor, now

after the voltage triangle, let us

how will the impedance triangle be made, friends,

dividing the voltage by I, so this will become V/I

V/I

= R, this will become V C - V / R,

so this will be X A - X, and this A will be

S, okay, let us see

how the voltage is given friends

Adding all the voltages C R plus V

plus V C Okay [Music]

[Music]

table, our complex form is always in

angle 5 Okay, so here we have

mentioned everything about how to calculate angle phi, you can calculate it

x - x /

r Okay, so whatever we learned here,

we have calculated everything here in case v,

because it

goes on the opposite side upon hypotenuse, so here

you can calculate it from any triangle, you can calculate it from

this triangle, now you

can also calculate your power factor, so this is the

whole concept friends, which

is very important for you and you will definitely need it in

future, so how will x become 1

/ Omega from x, what is 1 /

combinations, it will end up, so let's

see an analysis on

how to identify circuits Okay, so whatever

we have read till now,

sir Let's revise it briefly.

Analysis of inductive circuit. If you have

recognized that the circuit is inductive, it has inductive

nature, what is inductive nature, in the sense

current will lead voltage and capacitance

means current will lead voltage, if you have

recognized all this then there are some of its advantages,

first of all your polar form is complex form,

sorry this is complex form, right in complex

form it is positive here and

in capacitance it is negative here,

what is there in polar form, friends

your angle is positive here,

part here, this is the deal

which is with K, we call it imaginary

part, so here it will be plus,

if in the question it is said that the power factor is in the circuit, it

means you have to understand which one is inductive,

if it is said that it is leading then explain which

circuit it is, it is a capacitive circuit, okay, give the

current of the circuit, the

impedance of the socket will be given and

how the voltage of the circuit, how to calculate the loss of the entire circuit,

quick screenshot Take it and

in the next video we will start with numericals

where we will take two to three numericals from the gate and above it

we will also

take numericals above the parallel, you know the only difference will be in series and parallel,

friends, when

you have to calculate the total of everything, then the

rest is going to be the same,

so you just have to keep in mind that,

calculate all everything from this game, please

like our video as much as possible,

you liked this lecture and

share it as much as possible, if you have any doubt then the

comment section is available there, you

can mention your doubts, we will

try to solve it as soon as possible and we

need as much love as possible

friends, till then we will meet

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YouTube Transcript:AC CIRCUIT|BEE|Lecture 07|R-L-C series circuit AND ANALYSIS|Pradeep Giri Sir