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How Computer Works ? Complete Beginners Guide. | Learn Computer Science | YouTubeToText
YouTube Transcript: How Computer Works ? Complete Beginners Guide.
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Video Summary
Summary
Core Theme
This tutorial explains the fundamental workings of a computer for absolute beginners, detailing the interplay between hardware, software, and the operating system from powering on to shutting down.
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welcome to learn computerscience
online.com and in this video we are
going to discuss how computer works this
video tutorial is specially designed for
absolute beginners who wish to get
familiar with the basic working of a
computer system from the moment you
press that power button to the seamless
operation of your favorite software
computers perform a complex operation of
hardware and software to make it all
happen but before we dive into the
intricate of working of a computer let
us first get familiar some fundamental
concepts and basic knowledge that will
help you easily understand how computer
works let us start with a brief
introduction to computer a computer is
an electronic device that consists of
hardware and software components the
main task of the computer is to execute
a program that provides the desired
functionality to the user in computer
the hardware parts perform the desired
task as for the instructions provided by
the software it is the software that
directs the computer hardware to perform
a specific operation a computer program
consists of set of instructions in
binary called the machine instructions
the computer understands only binary
which is a language of zeros and ones
however the programmers write the code
in high language which gets compiled to
low-level machine instructions in binary
that computer can d directly execute the
computer hardware components can broadly
be grouped into four basic types based
on their
functionality let me explain this with
the help of a computer block diagram the
computer's four functional units include
first input devices second the central
processing unit also called a
microprocessor third a memory unit which
is used for storing the data and the
fourth output devices used to present
the data to the user all right so far we
have covered the hardware and software
part let us now get introduced to
another important element of a computer
that is an operating system an operating
system is a type of system software and
the overall in charge of the computer
that performs some of the most important
functions a system software is
internally used by the computer to
perform some crucial functions and to
operate various Hardware devices deves
connected to the system every Computing
device needs an operating system to
operate and interact with a computer an
operating system is an indispensable
component of every computer it performs
some of the most crucial functions
necessary for the computer to work
properly Microsoft Windows and iOS for
the Apple computers are some of the
common examples of operating systems let
us now move on to our next topic that is
an application software a computer also
needs an application software popularly
called as apps application software are
the computer programs that are designed
to provide a specific functionality to
the user for example Microsoft Word is a
type of application software that is
extensively used for the document
creation similarly a video game that we
play on computer is also a type of
application program in simple words
whatever you wish to use the computer
you will need an application software to
perform this task all right so far we
have discussed some fundamental concepts
essential to understand the computer
operations let us now dive into our main
topic that is how computer works from
the start till the end when it is
powered off when we switch on the
computer it is the BIOS that gets
activated first the bi bios is a type of
miniature operating system called a
firmware the BIOS performs four
functions it will first check the
computer hardware this test is called
power on self test abbreviated as post
second it will initialize the hardware
third it will search and load the main
operating system and finally it will
hand over system control to the main
operating system the user can start
operating the computer only when the
operating system is fully loaded into
the computer's memory and it is fully
operational this process of loading the
operating system is called the booting
operation all right so far we have
discussed in detail the starting phase
of the computer called the booting
process let us now focus on how computer
perform the tasks that user wish to use
the computer a computer is a versatile
machine that can be used for many applications
applications
after the operating system is loaded the
computer becomes fully operational at
this stage the user can start
interacting with the computer the user
interact with the operating system and
internally the operating system interact
with the computer hardware let us
consider one example to understand the
computer operations when the user
executes the command to run a specific
software the operating system loads the
program into the main memory of the
computer the main memory of the computer
is called Random Access Memory
abbreviated as RAM in computer jargon it
is also referred as the primary memory
of the computer or temporary memory each
computer is also equipped with another
crucial piece of Hardware component
called a central processing unit
abbreviated as CPU the CPU is the brain
of the computer that provide the
processing power the main task of the
process is to execute the program that
provide the desired functionality to the
user the CPU is also called a micro
processor or simply a processor the
processor is the brain of the computer
that decodes the program instructions
and executes program instructions one by
one the processor starts program
execution by retrieving the program
instructions and the corresponding data
from the main memory of the computer the
processor competitively performs this
operation called instruction cycle
during the program execution in computer
jargon this CPU operation is called
Fetch decode execute cycle the processor
internally decodes each program
instruction one by one and operates on
the data as per the program instruction
during the program execution phase the
user can provide the input to the
computer with the help of input devices
such as keyboard and mouse the data
processing is one of the important
functions of the processor the CPU
operates on the data the result or the
processed data is sent back to the main
memory RAM the processed data is then
presented to the user with the help of
output devices such as a printer or
display monitor the processed data can
also be stored into the permanent memory
of the computer called the secondary
memory or a dis memory the modern
processor can work at lightning speed
the processor can easily execute
multiple programs simultaneously this
function is called Process Management
and it is managed by the operating
system when the user commands the
computer to shut down the operating
system terminates all the processes
currently running on the system and the
data is stored into the permanent memory
of the computer for future use the user
at this stage can safe turn off the
power supply so that brings us to the
end of this tutorial on how computer
works please visit our website learn
computerscience online.com to learn
computer science
fundamentals if you have liked this
video then please give us a thumbs up
and consider subscribing to this channel
thanks for watching and I will see you
soon with another computer science tutorial
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