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welcome to our bush's wars lecture so by
the end of today you should be able to
briefly explain the history of american
intervention in both
afghanistan and iraq respectively i know
that's a lot but you can do it
we'll look at what reasons the bush
administration gave for going to war
with iraq
and will look at what the
administration's policies and main
events during their tenure
were the soviet union had invaded
afghanistan in december of 1979 to quell
an insurrection that threatened to overthrow
overthrow
kabul which is the capital of
afghanistan's communist
government and we talked a little bit
about this in our carter lecture
because carter decided to boycott the
olympics being held in the soviet union
in response to the soviet invasion of afghanistan
afghanistan
additionally the united states financed
and armed anti-soviet anti-communist insurgents
insurgents
the mujahedeen in 1981 the reagan administration
administration
authorized the cia to provide the
mujahideen with weapons and training to
strengthen their insurgency
and the wealthy young saudi osama bin
laden also fought with
and funded the mujahideen and they began
to win against the communists in afghanistan
afghanistan
the cost of the afghan war and growing
instability at home convinced the
soviets to withdraw from afghanistan in 1989
1989
but many of the larger mujahedeen groups
began to fight for each other
over who would keep power in kabul
eventually a village mullah named
muhammad omar
organized a new armed movement with the
backing of pakistan
the movement was known as the taliban
meaning students and pashtu the language there
there
as many of its adherents had been raised
in refugee camps in the 1980s because of
that soviet
war where they were taught in the
saudi-backed wahhabi madrassas those are
religious schools known for teaching a
fundamentalist interpretation of islam
so because most of the taliban
had this in common that they had been
students in these wahabi madrasas
that's why they named their group that
the students
osama bin laden also relocated his
terrorist group al-qaeda to afghanistan
after the country fell to the taliban in
1996. so the taliban is the government
of afghanistan al qaeda is a terrorist
group that is
operating from afghanistan the terrorism
czar for the reagan h.w
bush and clinton administrations was
richard clark who got the job in the
early 1990s due to al-qaeda attacks so
they actually make that a position
after those early al qaeda attacks but
he did serve in both the reagan h.w bush
and clinton administrations
in 1993 al-qaeda operatives carried out
the world trade center bombing they
drove a u-haul loaded with explosives into
into
the parking garage beneath the world
trade center the detonation killed six
people but it was nowhere near powerful
enough to bring the towers down
the attack's planner omar abdul rahman
fled to pakistan but the
u.s captured him there in 1995. he was brought
brought
back to new york city where he stood
trial and received two life sentences
which he served in federal prison until
his death
in early 2017. al qaeda had also
attacked kobar towers in 1996 where
american pilots flying the no-fly zone
over iraq were housed
and this attack killed 19 americans
other al-qaeda attacks on u.s embassies
in nairobi kenya
and dar es salaam tanzania killed 257
people including 12 americans
president clinton had launched cruise
missiles at al qaeda camps in
afghanistan in retaliation
on october 12 2000 the uss cole was
anchored in yemen
when a fishing vessel came up alongside
it and exploded
killing 17 american sailors clinton's
team including his secretary of defense
cohen and chairman of the joint chiefs
general shelton wanted to go after bin laden
laden
the cia advised that he was at conic
farms in afghanistan and clinton wanted
a helicopter mission that would put
boots on the ground to get him but the
joint chiefs
strongly advised against this
considering it just too risky
instead they launched 75 tomahawk
missiles to hit the site
but the tomahawks had to fly through
pakistani airspace so pakistan
had to be warned someone inside the
pakistani government then tipped off bin laden
laden
and no one was left the site by the time
the missiles arrived
so proceed to the next clip in the
lecture to learn more about bin laden
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