0:03 welcome to our bush's wars lecture so by
0:04 the end of today you should be able to
0:06 briefly explain the history of american
0:07 intervention in both
0:09 afghanistan and iraq respectively i know
0:11 that's a lot but you can do it
0:12 we'll look at what reasons the bush
0:14 administration gave for going to war
0:15 with iraq
0:16 and will look at what the
0:18 administration's policies and main
0:20 events during their tenure
0:23 were the soviet union had invaded
0:25 afghanistan in december of 1979 to quell
0:27 an insurrection that threatened to overthrow
0:28 overthrow
0:29 kabul which is the capital of
0:31 afghanistan's communist
0:33 government and we talked a little bit
0:35 about this in our carter lecture
0:37 because carter decided to boycott the
0:39 olympics being held in the soviet union
0:42 in response to the soviet invasion of afghanistan
0:44 afghanistan
0:46 additionally the united states financed
0:48 and armed anti-soviet anti-communist insurgents
0:49 insurgents
0:52 the mujahedeen in 1981 the reagan administration
0:53 administration
0:55 authorized the cia to provide the
0:57 mujahideen with weapons and training to
0:59 strengthen their insurgency
1:01 and the wealthy young saudi osama bin
1:02 laden also fought with
1:05 and funded the mujahideen and they began
1:06 to win against the communists in afghanistan
1:08 afghanistan
1:10 the cost of the afghan war and growing
1:11 instability at home convinced the
1:14 soviets to withdraw from afghanistan in 1989
1:15 1989
1:17 but many of the larger mujahedeen groups
1:19 began to fight for each other
1:22 over who would keep power in kabul
1:24 eventually a village mullah named
1:25 muhammad omar
1:28 organized a new armed movement with the
1:29 backing of pakistan
1:31 the movement was known as the taliban
1:34 meaning students and pashtu the language there
1:34 there
1:36 as many of its adherents had been raised
1:39 in refugee camps in the 1980s because of
1:40 that soviet
1:41 war where they were taught in the
1:44 saudi-backed wahhabi madrassas those are
1:45 religious schools known for teaching a
1:47 fundamentalist interpretation of islam
1:49 so because most of the taliban
1:50 had this in common that they had been
1:53 students in these wahabi madrasas
1:55 that's why they named their group that
1:56 the students
1:58 osama bin laden also relocated his
2:01 terrorist group al-qaeda to afghanistan
2:03 after the country fell to the taliban in
2:06 1996. so the taliban is the government
2:09 of afghanistan al qaeda is a terrorist
2:09 group that is
2:13 operating from afghanistan the terrorism
2:15 czar for the reagan h.w
2:17 bush and clinton administrations was
2:18 richard clark who got the job in the
2:21 early 1990s due to al-qaeda attacks so
2:23 they actually make that a position
2:25 after those early al qaeda attacks but
2:27 he did serve in both the reagan h.w bush
2:29 and clinton administrations
2:32 in 1993 al-qaeda operatives carried out
2:33 the world trade center bombing they
2:35 drove a u-haul loaded with explosives into
2:36 into
2:37 the parking garage beneath the world
2:39 trade center the detonation killed six
2:41 people but it was nowhere near powerful
2:43 enough to bring the towers down
2:45 the attack's planner omar abdul rahman
2:47 fled to pakistan but the
2:50 u.s captured him there in 1995. he was brought
2:50 brought
2:52 back to new york city where he stood
2:54 trial and received two life sentences
2:56 which he served in federal prison until
2:57 his death
3:00 in early 2017. al qaeda had also
3:03 attacked kobar towers in 1996 where
3:05 american pilots flying the no-fly zone
3:07 over iraq were housed
3:10 and this attack killed 19 americans
3:12 other al-qaeda attacks on u.s embassies
3:13 in nairobi kenya
3:16 and dar es salaam tanzania killed 257
3:18 people including 12 americans
3:20 president clinton had launched cruise
3:21 missiles at al qaeda camps in
3:24 afghanistan in retaliation
3:27 on october 12 2000 the uss cole was
3:28 anchored in yemen
3:30 when a fishing vessel came up alongside
3:31 it and exploded
3:34 killing 17 american sailors clinton's
3:36 team including his secretary of defense
3:37 cohen and chairman of the joint chiefs
3:39 general shelton wanted to go after bin laden
3:40 laden
3:42 the cia advised that he was at conic
3:44 farms in afghanistan and clinton wanted
3:46 a helicopter mission that would put
3:48 boots on the ground to get him but the
3:49 joint chiefs
3:50 strongly advised against this
3:52 considering it just too risky
3:54 instead they launched 75 tomahawk
3:56 missiles to hit the site
3:58 but the tomahawks had to fly through
4:00 pakistani airspace so pakistan
4:02 had to be warned someone inside the
4:04 pakistani government then tipped off bin laden
4:04 laden
4:06 and no one was left the site by the time
4:09 the missiles arrived
4:10 so proceed to the next clip in the
4:12 lecture to learn more about bin laden
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