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The life of the forest. Natural abundance | Forest Film Studio | YouTubeToText
YouTube Transcript: The life of the forest. Natural abundance
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Video Summary
Summary
Core Theme
Forests are incredibly complex and valuable terrestrial ecosystems, vital not only for human relaxation and well-being but also for sustaining a vast array of life and providing essential environmental services.
delicate Greenery a richness of colors
pleasing coolness and a mysterious aura
forests can help us rest and recover
physically and mentally
however forests are more than just for relaxation
relaxation [Music]
[Music]
forests are the most valuable and
complex terrestrial ecosystems on Earth foreign
foreign
they are the living environment for
thousands of plants fungi and animal species
species [Music]
[Music]
forests produce life-giving oxygen
filter the polluted air stabilize
precipitation retain and clear water and
protect soils from erosion [Music]
forests are vitally important in the
the life of a forest Natural Abundance [Music]
diversity is particularly valuable in
or organisms that build the forest
environment need each other and form
sophisticated interrelations [Music]
[Music]
plants cannot live without animals and
animals cannot live without plants [Music]
forests are an exemplary environment
that demonstrates and explains
biological diversity [Music]
[Music] foreign
foreign [Music]
[Music]
lets us admire a plethora of varieties
and forms [Music]
[Music]
the immense diversity of living
organisms results from their adaptation
the constant formation of individuals
with new traits that are passed on to
next Generations increases the survival
chances of species amid incessant
when a species becomes extinct the
services are provided for the ecosystem
are lost forever it is not possible to
replace them foreign
foreign [Music]
[Music]
man-made damage and the transformation
of the environment result in many
species losing their habitats [Music]
[Music]
foreign [Music]
forests in Poland cover nearly 30
percent of the country's area
this solidly green patch looks
inconspicuous in the bird's eye view but
forests are home to nearly 70 percent of
all known and described organisms found
in Poland living in the wild [Music]
polish forests are formed of around 50
tree species
the most abundant and significant are
pine Spruce large fur Oak Beach Birch
Alda and Ash [Music]
[Music]
in all latitudes they form deciduous
however less abundant species also known
as admixture species such as Aspen Rowan
horn Bean Maple and Sycamore also
determine the richness and diversity of
the composition and diversity of a
forest depend on its geographic location
altitude its distance from the sea and
in Poland 15 habitat types of lowland
forests three habitat types of Upland
forests and seven types of mountain
forests have been distinguished [Music]
coniferous forest habitats of poor
fertility cover the largest area where
fresh coniferous and fresh mixed
coniferous forests dominate they
represent over half of all forested
areas they are largely composed of
Evergreen Pines
Pine as a pioneer species grows very
well in a wide range of habitats
it is undemanding with regard to the
substrate it grows on which makes it
able to live both on dry Sandy soils and
in Marshy areas
because it is strongly sun loving it
tends to Tower over other trees in the forest
forest
[Music]
alongside typically Forest communities
Woodlands also contain some non-forest
ecosystems with their specific flora and fauna
fauna [Music]
[Music]
these are mainly arable Fields Meadows
[Music]
bulk forests are a special kind of habitat
habitat
they grow in land depressions Hollows
their formation is mainly determined by
groundwater levels and periodic inundations
as they present a remarkably favorable
living space for very numerous species
of animals plants and fungi they are
immensely important in species conservation
conservation [Music]
[Music]
in early spring soon after courtship
displays cranes disappear in waterlogged
they pick secluded and inaccessible places
adult Birds now and couples build their
the nests can reach one meter in diameter
[Music]
the female lays two brown Darkly spotted eggs
from Spring to Autumn moose roamed the
they feed intensely finding plenty of
fresh food [Music]
mostly it secluded Lifestyles enjoying
the presence of mud and water [Music]
[Music]
they have very sharp hearing and Keen
noses but a little poorer eyesight they
like wandering about and often cover
foreign [Music]
[Music]
in winter when temperatures drop deeply
below zero moose must move to the forest
and look for food there [Music]
apart from bison they are among the
largest animals in Poland their weight
May reach up to 800 kilograms [Music]
the most essential role in a forest is
played by trees which form a subtle
composition of interpenetrating
microclimates throughout its complex
vertical structure [Music]
conditions in the forest floor are
different to those at the trunk level
each layer creates slightly different
ecological conditions that suit various organisms
trees form the topmost level of a forest
overshadowing the forest floor this
layer suppresses evaporation from the
floor and increases air humidity the
tree can appear as particularly
important for birds
both small and larger songbirds feel
a wide Tree Crown is good to build a
nest on [Music]
the black stalk is secretive and very
timid that is why it lives a reclusive
in remote backwards and vast
for its nest it favors all trees
once constructed it can served for many years
the blackstorm population in Poland is
currently around 1 200 couples [Music]
[Music]
trees are also home to Beetles from very
small to very large ones such as the
great Capricorn beetles boast antennae
of impressive size often longer than the
insect's body [Music]
their polish name suggests a relation
with Oaks they avoid dense tree stands [Music]
[Music]
for their development they select trees
thicker than 40 centimeters with deeply
grooved bark and growing in sunlit places
the larvae develop and feed an old
usually lone Oaks where they carve out
beneath the canopy lies the undergrowth layer
it is formed by Young trees and shrubs
that can withstand the shadow cast by
it includes juvenile Pines and spruces
as well as saplings of various
undergrowth also comprises young stands
planted by human hands all at the same time
time
which makes them of similar height and
equal age [Music]
[Music]
this layer reaches up to 4 meters
providing a safe hiding place for
insects and birds among the plant Thicket
Thicket [Music]
[Music]
the great spotted woodpecker produces
there can be up to seven chicks in the
hole so there is some bustling about
many species of large mammals also live
in the undergrowth finding shelter and
bubble food [Music]
wild boars feel best living in deciduous
smell is their sharpest sense although
their touch and hearing are also well developed
they are typical omnivores
rooting through the forest floor they
dig out tree and shrub seeds fruit
balls are very beneficial in the forest
acting as natural plows they enable
plant self-dispersal and by eating all
kinds of insects their larvae and poupee
[Music]
European bison
these beasts are Europe's largest
mammals living in the wild up until
recently they were under the threat of Extinction
Extinction
the current population amounts to just
adult males can weigh up to a ton and
reach a grown man's height in the withers
withers [Music]
[Music]
they live in herds of around a dozen but
in Autumn they merge into groups of up
they are incredibly fit and resilient
they can travel long distances in search
of preferable areas [Music]
Poland it can be found in the Woodlands
of the viawavera forest borky forest
knission forest the ashtada mountains
and Pomerania [Music]
the undergrowth shrubs and young trees
are home to many species of spiders [Music]
using glands on their abdomens spiders
spin silk threads to form cobwebs for
[Music]
spider silk is a very durable and
flexible material [Music]
[Music]
the shape and petal of a meticulously
woven cobweb is distinctive of each species
species [Music]
[Music] [Laughter]
[Laughter] [Music]
[Music]
amphibians and reptiles are also
abundant in this layer of the forest [Music]
escalapian snake is the largest and
[Music]
its body length can Exceed 2 meters [Music]
[Music]
it can be found in the south of Poland
predominantly in the biashade mountains
it sticks to the fringes of deciduous forests
forests foreign
foreign [Music]
sunlit sites with mosaics of Forest
clearings Meadows Riverbanks and streams [Music]
[Music]
it is active during the day and often
climbs branches of bushes and small trees
trees [Music]
[Music]
it Hunts on the ground lying in weight
and then strangling its prey it is not venomous
venomous
feeds mainly on rodents but it won't say
can also hunt other snakes or Lizards
but those are rare cases [Music]
the watchful golden Oriole exotically
colored and constantly on the Move
intently penetrates the thicket of shrubs
such as for some tasty spiders and
it builds a barely visible basket-like
Nest among dense leaves several meters
in Autumn colorful fruit appear on most
undergrowth shrubs while trees produce
the layer located just above the ground
it is composed of around 600 plant species
in early spring when it gets warmer and
when still leafless trees and shrubs let
a lot of light reach the forest floor
riparian forests Oak hornbeam forests
oakwoods and beechwoods are clad in
then the herb layer takes its most Lush
in March wood and enemies emerge in the
forest they stretch in a compact sheets
over vast surfaces replacing the
brownish forest floor of winter with a
green and white carpet foreign
forests wear deep Shadow lies there are
hardly any herbaceous plants their
[Music]
amphibians dwell in the moists of the
herb layer while snakes and lizards can
bask in the warmth of sunlight and
exposed areas [Music]
[Music] foreign
[Music]
and bright yellow spots are distinctive
of Poland's largest Hill amphibian
fire salamander [Music]
it leads a lock tunnel though sometimes
especially on rainy days it leaves its
hiding place to go on a hunt it moves
clumsily and slowly so its diet includes
mainly earthworms and slugs [Music]
[Music]
it is a loner when surprised it does not
run away but freezes it prefers to live
this amphibian is incredibly difficult
to find although it is distributed
chooses habitats on the edges of
coniferous forests or on dunes
throughout the day it remains in hiding
borrowed into the soil or under rocks
it is not until the meeting season that
it moves to moist sites
courtship takes place mostly at night
males try to attract partners with loud
rattle-like calling [Music]
[Music]
it is the smallest of all toads in Poland
Poland [Music]
the herb layer is also inhabited by
numerous mammals such as Badgers foxes
in spring when temperatures rise to
around 15 degrees Celsius hedgehogs wake
from their winter sleep [Music]
these small mammals with pointed smelts
and little eyes typically inhabits first
their bodies are covered in spines which
provide protection against Predator attacks
[Music]
hedgehogs are omnivorous with earthworms
being the main component of their diets
owing to their availability Mass
presence and how easy they are to catch [Music]
[Music]
the layer closest to the ground is the
litter layer [Music]
[Music]
it is formed of freshly Falling Leaves
Twigs bark peelings seed fragments and
its composition is determined by a tree
dead wood that letters the forest floor
is a particularly important element of
it provides the basic source of organic
matter and creates life environments for
thousands of species whose survival
depends on the presence of wood [Music]
many of these species are rare or protected
Forest rodents Fallen logs are a perfect
another group of organisms associated
with Deadwood are fungi or decomposers
which feed on dead organic matter [Music]
[Music]
their role in the forest is invaluable
because they rank among the few
organisms able to break down cellulose
and lignin [Music]
[Music]
fruiting bodies of the sulfur polypole
grow stacked together over decaying oak
logs they often form large groups and
their Mass May reach as much as 10 kilograms
kilograms [Music]
during frostless Winters and in early
spring Scarlet elf caps emerge from the
melting snow growing on falling twigs
these brightly red flower-like fungi
occur individually or in loose groups
they prefer Wetland areas underlayed by
during the long periods of rainy weather
from Summer to Autumn the coral tooth
fungus forms its fruiting bodies on the
Fallen trunks of broad-leaved trees
mainly beaches and Oaks foreign
these structures are a veritable
ornament of a forest bearing a
and so ubiquitous inhabitants of the
103 species have been reported in Poland
these small insects with Slender bodies
and large Heads live in great communities
they are remarkably hard-working and beneficial
every day they travel long distances in
search of food and remove millions of
harmful insect herbivores [Music]
[Music]
they act as a forest sanitation service
decomposing uneaten debris and animal excrements
excrements [Music]
[Music]
the forest little air is also where
beetles sails and some spiders live [Music]
for Millennia forests have undergone
constant Transformations adapting to the
conditions prevailing on Earth [Music]
[Music]
in order to function properly this Rich
ecosystem needs tree stands that are
diverse in terms of species composition
and age
with large and small open areas and with
trees left to naturally die and produce
slowly decomposing wood [Music]
today to let forests perform their
numerous functions it is necessary to
wisely manage their resources [Music]
[Music]
which Foresters care to ensure that the
Natural Abundance of our forest is preserved
preserved
it is them who through sustainable
Forest management secure the stable
continuity of the wildlife richness
regenerative potential and the Vitality
of forests and the forest's ability to
serve protective economic and social
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