This content explains how to understand phrasal verbs more easily by analyzing the core meanings of common particles, linking them to human experience and physical actions.
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hello and welcome to kangaroo English
I'm Christian and this is part 2 of
learning phrasal verbs the easy way with
twice the biscuits but only half of the
calories now if you haven't watched part
one then you are going to have no idea
what I'm talking about
so don't forget to check out part 1
before you watch this part too if you
have already watched part one perfect in
this class I am going to talk about 6
more particles that will help you to
understand phrasal verbs the easy way
with cognitive linguistics the first
particle we're going to talk about is of
here on my plate I have a biscuit and
now I'm going to remove this biscuit the
biscuit is gone I have lost contact with
it but here on my plate some little
pieces of the original biscuit remain
you could say that they are pieces of
the original biscuit or you could say
that they are the original biscuit
and these represent the meaning of of
now we could use of in a literal way
phrasal verbs like smell of it smells of
the original biscuit or consists of it's
exactly the same material as the
original or I could use this in a more
abstract way this reminds me of the
original now let's switch perspective
instead of focusing on these little
crumbs which I have let's look at this
biscuit which has been taken away from
me if we focus on this this helps us to
understand phrasal verbs like robbed of
and deprived of which talked about
things that I don't have anymore
the next particle
is round or around it talks about
something moving in a circular motion
this biscuit is moving around but it can
also be used to talk about movement in
general for example the children ran
around the classroom also if something
is moving around it's very difficult to
catch it so another meaning of around is
to avoid and you might hear a politician
trying to skate around an issue now
around could describe a completely
circular motion or only part of the
circle a curve and so when I am wrapping
something like this biscuit in this
paper you can see that when the paper
forms a curve like this I can say that I
am wrapping the paper around the biscuit
but round could be two types of movement
it could be round like this or it could
be round like this and this gives us the
contrasting meaning the opposite meaning
of something which is not moving it's in
the one place it's spinning around and
this helps us to understand phrasal
verbs like hang around where you do
nothing also when something turns around
it can show us something completely
different here on this side I have
chocolate but when I turn it around
I have only biscuit and this helps us to
understand phrasal verbs where we are
persuading people or changing their
opinion in the opposite direction such
as to talk around a person the next
particle we're going to talk about is bad
bad
now remember that cognitive linguistics
tells us that the human experience
directly influences language now humans
move forward we walk in this direction
and even when we talk about abstract
concepts like time we relate this to our
experience as humans so to move forward
in time is to move into the future and
to move backwards in time is to move
into the past
so one meaning of back talks about to go
back into the past for example here I
have a biscuit on my plate and now I'm
going to eat the biscuit the biscuit is
gone but I really wish I had the biscuit
the only way to get the biscuit is to go
back in time now I have my biscuit again
the biscuit has returned it is back and
this helps us to understand phrasal
verbs which involve returning things
like if you borrow a book from your
friend you will give it back if I could
do this if I could go back in time then
I could have unlimited biscuits all I
would have to do is repeat and repeat
and repeat so back also it talks about
when you repeat something like if you
call somebody and then you call them
again you call them back now let's
switch perspectives imagine that this
biscuit is moving forward through time
but I stop it and I start to bring it in
this direction I am stopping the biscuit
from making progress I am holding it
back or forcing
back the next particle is over now over
is really interesting because it could
be a movement or it could be something
static first let's look at movement to
understand movement we need three things
an obstacle a starting point and a
finishing point and the object moves
from the starting point over the
obstacles and to the finishing point and
this helps us to understand basic
phrasal verbs like when you go over to
your friend's house you start at your
house and you go over some obstacles and
you finish at your friend's house when
you move from the starting point over an
obstacle to a finishing point we could
say that this action is complete so
phrasal verbs with over also talked
about actions which are completed
especially actions with obstacles
imagine if you break up with your
boyfriend or girlfriend and you're
really upset and crying these feelings
these emotions are your obstacle but
then one day you finally overcome these
emotions you complete your feelings for
this person and you get over them you
will notice that over talks about this
movement so it also talks about covering
something for example I can use this
paper to cover over the biscuits or if
it's very very cold then maybe a lake in
your city will freeze over the frost and
snow and ice will come in and cover the
water like this also when the biscuit
moves from the starting position to the
finishing position it has chain
tens it has transformed its position so
phrasal verbs with over can also talk
about change and transferring things so
for example I can take over your company
your company was in your hand and now
it's in my hand
and also I can put over my idea the idea
started in my mind and I transferred it
over to your mind but remember that over
is not only a movement it's also a
static position when one thing is higher
than another thing and remember that
human experience shapes language now if
I want to inspect this biscuit to have a
closer look at this biscuit do I hold it
up in the air like this no human
experience tells us that when we want to
examine something then we hold it down
in front of us like this and then we are
over the biscuit we are higher than the
biscuit and this helps us to understand
phrasal verbs with over which talked
about considering or examining something
like when you think over an idea or you
look over a proposal the next particle
is through through comes from an old
English word which meant water pipe so
you can visualize through as a type of
tube or cylinder and we define a
starting point and a finishing point and
something travels from the starting
point through the cylinder and exits and
this helps us to understand basic
phrasal verbs like listen through the
sound is entering here and exiting here
into my ear now imagine if
I put the biscuit inside the cylinder
and nothing comes out then the biscuit
is not through the action didn't
complete but now it is it's through so
phrasal verbs with through also talked
about actions that are complete 100%
things which are done thoroughly so when
you look through a paper or you think
through a problem you don't think
through it's 10% or 20% you think
through it all of the way until
completion now imagine if this cylinder
is very very small and the biscuit is
very very big it's very difficult to
force the biscuit through it's really
struggling ah it came out so phrasal
verbs with through also talked about
passing through difficulties so maybe if
you're having a depressive episode or
you are having problems in your
relationship you need to try to get
through this period now when the biscuit
enters the tube at this end and exits at
the other end we could say that it has
transformed its position it has been
transmitted and so phrasal verbs with
through can also be used to talk about communication
communication
if you try to telephone somebody but
you're having difficulty you can say I
can't get through and also if I want to
transmit my idea to you I can try to get
my idea through to you the final
particle is four and this really shows
how human experience effects language
this part of our body is called our forehead
forehead
when we want something in life when we
have an objective or a target we turn
our attention towards it we face it with
our forehead so when you want a job you
apply for the job if you have an English
exam you study for the exam and I can
also use it to direct my feelings and my
emotions towards a recipient I care for
all of my students especially you guys
so I bought these biscuits for you well
I hope that you found this class
interesting and I hope that your
confidence with phrasal verbs is really
growing through understanding and
studying phrasal verbs in this new and
exciting way if you would like to see
any more videos about the English
language then don't forget to subscribe
I'm Christian this is kangaroo English
I'll see you in class [Music]
you're still here it's over
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