This content explores fascinating and often awe-inspiring aspects of space, from hypothetical cosmic events and the profound loneliness of space exploration to the scientific endeavors that reveal the universe's mysteries and our place within it.
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Picture this. You walk outside and watch as the moon gets bigger and bigger,
tumbling towards the earth at an astonishing speed. Here's what would really happen if the
moon hit the earth. As the moon gets closer, the first thing we will notice is a dramatic shift
in the tides. Coastal cities will be consumed by the oceans. Its gravity will cause our satellites
to be thrown out of their orbits, rendering them completely useless. There will be earthquakes
and volcanic eruptions every single day. And when the moon is just 11,000 miles away from
the earth's surface, it will be completely torn apart by earth's gravity, creating a beautiful
ring system similar to Saturn's. Any survivors will be treated to a breathtaking view of these
gorgeous rings shimmering in the sunlight. Every night will feature a bright meteor shower made of
moon dust. Now I know this sounds bad because obviously this would cause so much destruction,
but I kind of wish it would happen just so we could see the ring in the sky. Now onto the next
fact. Back in the year 1977, NASA launched the twin Voyager space probes, Voyager 1 and 2,
into space. They were originally launched to take advantage of a rare alignment of Jupiter, Saturn,
Uranus, and Neptune that wouldn't happen again for another 175 years. Now on their way out of
our solar system, they visited all of the outer planets, taking all of these jaw-dropping images
of them and investigating their moons for the first time ever. But you see, these are actually
special spacecraft. They are further away from us than anything ever produced by a human. And
NASA thought about what would happen if an alien civilization found one of these spacecraft one
and so they included a very special message on board. The Golden Record, or as I like to think
of it, Earth's time capsule. One day when humanity has been extinguished like the flame of a candle,
this record might be the last evidence of our existence anywhere in the universe. It tells the
story of our world through sound, images, and science. Earth's greatest music through time,
the sounds of nature,
spoken greetings in dozens of languages.
Greetings to the friends of the stars, may the time unite us.
Shalom.
As-salamu alaykum.
We welcome you on behalf of the inhabitants of the earth.
Hello from the children of planet Earth.
And more than 100 images expertly chosen by Carl Sagan and his team to tell our story,
the human story, Earth's story. Okay. Now, before I show you this picture,
I want you to take a deep breath because it's honestly pretty terrifying. This is a real photo
of the astronaut Bruce McCandless floating 100 meters away from the space shuttle with no rope
connecting him back to the ship. In 1984, he was on a mission to test the space jetpack system.
So he left the ship and simply flew away into the abyss of space. Now, when he was asked about this
mission, he said that the only thing that really terrified him was how cold he got as soon as he
was away from the shuttle. I mean, imagine the silence, just you alone in space. And what if he
just drifted away? Freaky stuff. When black holes collide with one another, they send literal
ripples throughout the fabric of space-time at the speed of light. These ripples squeeze and
stretch everything in their path. Similar to the ripples on a lake. Now Einstein predicted that
these ripples must exist if his theory of general relativity were to be correct. But it wasn't
actually until 2015 that we finally detected one for the first time. Scientists use an instrument
called the laser interferometer gravitational wave observatory or LIGO. A laser beam is split
down to four kilometer long arms with mirrors at the end that reflect the lasers back and forth.
Now, as the gravitational wave passes through the earth, the length of each arm is changed
ever so slightly, which they were able to detect using this method. NASA's Mars rover Opportunity
was one of the most successful rovers we have ever launched into space. And her last words are some
of the saddest you will ever hear. You see, Opportunity was initially only supposed to
survive on the red planet for 90 days, but she was resilient. Using her solar panels, she was able to
travel over 28 miles across the Martian surface over 14 years. Then one fateful day as a Martian
storm descended on the rover and the skies were choked of all sunlight, the solar powered Opportunity
messaged home saying, my battery is low and it's getting dark. Now, while these facts are truly
unbelievable, something I find unbelievable is the shaving industry here on earth. I mean, think about
it. If you have sensitive skin, your options are to either use an electric razor or simply stop
shaving. And if you can use traditional razors, you are expected to buy thousands of those
disposable razors throughout your lifetime. This is terrible for the planet, your wallet, and frankly,
your shave. But what if I told you, you could buy just one razor for the entire rest of your life?
Well, thanks to the sponsor of today's video, Henson Shaving, you can. Henson was created by
aerospace machinists who previously had worked on the ISS and Curiosity rover. Now they thought that
the way traditional razors support the blade allows for too much movement. The blade flex
and exposure means that most razors have too much room for error, leading to razor burn and irritation.
And Henson even partnered with a medical imaging startup to measure the redness and razor burn
when using the Henson razor versus a leading multi-blade brand. And I mean, the results speak
for themselves. Now I have used safety razors like this for the last few years now, and I can be
honest and say that this is genuinely the best one I've used. So if you get razor burn every time you
shave, or you just care about the planet, head to hensonshaving.com forward slash Astro Kobe and use
code Astro Kobe for 100 free blades. That is around three years of shaving completely for free.
It's better for you and better for the environment. Now back to those unbelievable space facts.
Now, of course, we all know that sunsets here on earth have that beautiful red or pink hue,
but what about on other planets like Mars, for example? Well, luckily we have rovers there that
can take some pictures and send them home. And this is what we see. You see sunsets on Mars have
this beautiful blue tinge to them. This happens because the fine dust on Mars's surface allows
the blue light to penetrate the atmosphere slightly more efficiently than the other colours.
Oh, also you might notice that the sun looks quite small in these pictures. And that's of
course, because Mars is just further away from the sun when compared to the earth.
One day, potentially sometime soon, one of the brightest stars in our night sky will explode.
And when it does, your night sky will look like this. I am of course talking about the red giant
star Betelgeuse. Betelgeuse is just a silly little star who often acts weird, getting brighter and
dimmer, shooting off huge amounts of its surface in the process. And new research came out just
a few months ago showing that Betelgeuse is in the end stages of its life, fusing carbon in its
core. If this is true, Betelgeuse will go boom in your lifetime. I mean, are you kidding me? It
will be so bright that you can even see it during the day and it will cast a shadow at night. And
yes, before you comment, Betelgeuse is actually 500 light years away. So technically it could have
already exploded. This is true though, but don't freak out or anything. We are actually outside
of the danger zone, but if we were 450 light years closer to Betelgeuse, it could all be over.
Black holes are maybe the most elusive objects in the entire universe. They are extremely dense,
massive objects that have such a strong gravitational attraction, not even light
can escape their pull. Now our galaxy alone could contain over 100 million individual black holes,
but since they emit no light, they are extremely hard to find unless they are eating. Super
massive black holes that live in the centre of most, if not all galaxies consume an unbelievable
amount of matter, forming the brightly glowing accretion disks you would have seen in movies like
Interstellar. Now, while you can't see the actual black hole itself, you can see the event horizon,
the point of no return where light is sucked inside the black hole. Now, despite how far away
they are and how impossibly hard they are to find, scientists were actually able to take pictures of
two using a telescope the size of the earth. You heard that correct. When you do the math and
figure out how big of a telescope you would need to take a picture of one of these guys in any detail
at all, you figure out that you need a telescope the size of the entire earth to have any success
at all. Now, obviously we can't go out into space and build a telescope this size. That's just not
feasible. So they got creative. By using individual telescopes placed all around the globe,
you can create an array of telescopes that could theoretically image the black holes.
And so they set two targets, the closest supermassive black hole to us, Sagittarius A
star and the supermassive black hole in the galaxy M87, one of the most massive black holes we know
of. Sagittarius A star is actually our black hole that lives in the center of the Milky Way galaxy.
It is just 26,000 light years away from you right now. M87 on the other hand is located 53
million light years away. And do you want to know the crazy thing? It worked. These are real images
of black holes, not animations or drawings, real photographs. Isn't that just ridiculous?
Now, back in the year 1990, the Voyager 1 spacecraft was leaving the solar system out
past Neptune. Carl Sagan actually managed to convince NASA to turn her around and take just
one last image of Earth. Some people said this was just dumb and a waste of fuel,
but they did it anyway. Voyager 1 was 4 billion miles away from home when it snapped this picture.
That's the Earth caught in a scattered ray of light. In his book, when writing about this image,
Sagan wrote, the Earth is the only world known so far to harbor life. Look again at that dot.
That's here. That's home. That's us.
Now, I want to tell you the incredibly sad story of Laika, the space dog. Back in 1957,
the Soviet Union was willing to do whatever it would take to win the space race. No one knew
if the human body could withstand the lack of gravity, so they turned to dogs for testing.
Laika was a stray dog from the streets of Moscow, and she was probably so happy thinking
she finally found a home. Against her will, the scientists implanted sensors to measure her
breathing and pulse, then strapped her into the rocket, knowing they were sending her to the
grave. The cabin was just the size of a washing machine, and as it was launched into space,
Laika was scared. Her heart rate tripled. The temperature inside rose to 40 degrees Celsius,
or 105 degrees Fahrenheit. And after just six hours, Laika's heart stopped.
Did you know that days on Earth are literally getting longer? Each year, the moon moves 1.5
inches away from us, which is a lot if you ask me. As a result, the Earth rotates slightly slower
every single year, making our days longer. 1.4 billion years ago, a day on Earth was just 18
hours long. And in just 1 billion years, a day on Earth will be 28 hours long, meaning you can get
a full night's sleep and still have 20 hours for activities. In the heart of a galaxy 8.5 billion
light years away, lies the largest black hole ever discovered. And this thing is terrifying.
Phoenix A star is the black hole, and it's 100 billion times larger than our sun. In fact,
this black hole is so big that it's actually bigger than some entire galaxies. The diameter
of the event horizon for this black hole is 100 times the distance between the sun and Pluto.
That means that if you were traveling in a spaceship at the speed of light, it would still
take you 71 days to complete one full loop of the black hole. And the really scary thing,
it's still growing. You know, when people say you are a star, they aren't actually lying.
Every breath of air you take was formed in the heart of a dying star billions of years ago.
Every glass of water you drink can be traced straight back to the Big Bang. The atoms in your
body are deeply connected to the cosmos. Astronomy and physics are simply how the
gets to observe itself. You are truly made of stardust.
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