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Animal Traits and a Changing Environment | TheParklands1 | YouTubeToText
YouTube Transcript: Animal Traits and a Changing Environment
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Summary
Core Theme
An animal's traits, inherited from parents, are significantly shaped by environmental changes over generations, influencing survival rates and the passing of advantageous characteristics.
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[Music] hello
hello
it's ranger olivia here and in the last
video we talked about traits
and today we are going to talk about
what happens to an animal's traits
when their environment changes as we
said before
animals get their traits from their
parents but they're also shaped by the
environment around them
so what do you think happens when the
let's take a simple example first say
that you went
camping and it was really sunny when you
left but then it rained
since it was sunny when you left you
didn't pack a rain jacket
and you got soaked the next time you go camping
camping
even if it's sunny outside when you
leave you will hopefully learn something
from the first
experience and pack a rain jacket let's
say that it rains almost
every time you go camping now how would
you adapt to the situation
would you check the weather before you
leave get better rain gear or pack more
gear to keep your things dry
you might even move camping sites in
hopes for a drier experience
now let's say that when you grow up you
have kids and you teach them to always
be prepared for rain on camping trips
then they have kids and they tell them
to always be prepared for rain on
camping trips
and so on and so forth now you have
multiple generations of prepared
campers well this is a very simple
and light example this happens in real
life with animals physical and
behavioral traits
over generations so it takes quite a bit
of time
these changes and traits help species
better survive
in new environments but sometimes if
they don't
adapt quickly enough or well enough it
can be a matter of life or death
let's look at a real-life example to
better understand this
in the 1800s researchers in england were
collecting moths
called peppered moss there were two
different types of these moths one type
was light gray
peppered with black spots and the other
type was much darker in color
peppered with white spots they noted
that most of the moss they collected in
the study were light-colored type
then many years later they collected a
new batch and noted that this time
most of the moss they collected were the
darker colored type
they decided to dig a little deeper and
found the dark colored moths
were actually a gene mutation in the dna
of the light-colored moss
once a mutation was present dark-colored moths
moths
would produce dark-colored offspring it
could have stopped there
but it didn't quite explain why
researchers were now finding more dark
colored moss
so they dug even deeper it turns out
it had to do with their changing environment
environment
during the 1800s europe and america were
experiencing the industrial revolution
which basically meant we could build
things faster by building factories
while this sounds nice factories caused
a lot of air pollution
and was responsible for releasing large
amounts of smoke and smog into the environment
environment
it was so much smog that it left a layer
of black suit
on once lighter colored trees moths rest
on trees during the day
and do most of their flying at night you
may now see where the story is going
as the trees became darker with suit the
light-colored moths became easier to see
which made them easier prey for birds
the dark-colored moths that now blended
in with the trees better
survive longer this gave them a better
chance of producing
offspring with their same dark colored jeans
jeans
over time the dark-colored moth became
the more common
of the two color forms what's even more
amazing is that after the clean air act
had passed in 1950
the air cleared up and the trees became
lighter again guess what happened
now the light-colored peppered moss has
been the more common in the population
because it is better camouflaged
this story shows you that animals best
suited for a particular environmental change
change
will have a better chance for survival
and thus a better chance of passing on
their traits to the next generation
but what it also might show you is that
variations of traits within different populations
populations
make a population stronger because the
environment changes frequently
and different traits might be better in
different circumstances
what would have happened if the peppered
moths did not have a genetic
mutation that made their wings dark
if a population has the same traits and
no genetic differences
then when something changes in their
environment they may not be able to
overcome it as well
or maybe not even at all let's turn to a
more recent example for this explanation
if you don't know about the emerald ash
borer already you should
it is an invasive species of beetle that
is found in eastern russia northern
china japan and korea and before june 2002
2002
it had never been found in america it
feeds specifically on ash trees
it burrows in the cambium layer of the
bark to lay its eggs
when the eggs hatch their larvae eat
this cambium layer or the living layer
of the bark
essentially starving the tree of
everything it needs to survive and
eventually killing it
it's not such a big problem in places
that this bug has always lived
because this bug has always been there
for thousands of years other animals
have lived alongside it and developed a
taste for it
in other words they have natural
predators in asia but since they are new here
here
the animals here that know nothing about
this bug haven't really grown a taste
for it
so it doesn't have any natural predators
and it goes unchecked
this is a real problem for the ash trees
that are declining at an alarming rate
scientists are working feverishly trying
to find a solution
but so far the solutions they have found
to treat the trees are not cost
effective enough to be practiced on
millions of trees throughout the us
one of the biggest hopes is that
somewhere out there there are some ash
trees that have a genetic mutation
that allows them to be safe from the
emerald ash borer
hopefully they will produce more seed
and eventually trees
that will also be safe we really don't
know about the future of these trees in
our forest
but in the meantime we can stop the
spread of this species and many other
invasive species
by not traveling with firewood and
always thoroughly cleaning camping gear
before going into another forest [Music]
[Music]
so to recap traits come from your parents
parents
but they are also shaped by the
environment around you
animals that have the best suited traits
for an environmental change
are better able to survive and thus pass
their traits on to the next generation
and populations that have many genetic variations
variations
are stronger because they are better
able to adapt to the environmental changes
changes
i hope you enjoyed this video and
learned something new
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